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Title: The feasibility of a piecewise-linear dynamic bowtie filter

Abstract

Purpose: The prepatient attenuator (or 'bowtie filter') in CT is used to modulate the flux as a function of fan angle of the x-ray beam incident on the patient. Traditional, static bowtie filters are tailored only for very generic scans and for the average patient. The authors propose a design for a dynamic bowtie that can produce a time-dependent piecewise-linear attenuation profile. This dynamic bowtie may reduce dynamic range, dose or scatter, but in this work they focus on its ability to reduce dynamic range, which may be particularly important for systems employing photon-counting detectors. Methods: The dynamic bowtie is composed of a set of triangular wedges. Each wedge is independently moved in order to produce a time-dependent piecewise-linear attenuation profile. Simulations of the bowtie are conducted to estimate the dynamic range reduction in six clinical datasets. The control of the dynamic bowtie is determined by solving a convex optimization problem, and the dose is estimated using Monte Carlo techniques. Beam hardening artifacts are also simulated. Results: The dynamic range is reduced by factors ranging from 2.4 to 27 depending on the part of the body studied. With a dynamic range minimization objective, the dose to the patient can bemore » reduced from 6% to 33% while maintaining peak image noise. Further reduction in dose may be possible with a specific dose reduction objective. Beam hardening artifacts are suppressed with a two-pass algorithm. Conclusions: A dynamic bowtie producing a time-dependent, piecewise-linear attenuation profile is possible and can be used to modulate the flux of the scanner to the imaging task. Initial simulations show a large reduction in dynamic range. Several other applications are possible.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]
  1. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
  2. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22130563
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Medical Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 40; Journal Issue: 3; Other Information: (c) 2013 American Association of Physicists in Medicine; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0094-2405
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; ATTENUATION; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROL; DESIGN; DOSES; DOSIMETRY; FILTERS; IMAGES; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PATIENTS; PHOTONS; REDUCTION; SIMULATION; TIME DEPENDENCE; X RADIATION

Citation Formats

Hsieh, Scott S., Pelc, Norbert J., Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. The feasibility of a piecewise-linear dynamic bowtie filter. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1118/1.4789630.
Hsieh, Scott S., Pelc, Norbert J., Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, & Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. The feasibility of a piecewise-linear dynamic bowtie filter. United States. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4789630
Hsieh, Scott S., Pelc, Norbert J., Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. 2013. "The feasibility of a piecewise-linear dynamic bowtie filter". United States. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4789630.
@article{osti_22130563,
title = {The feasibility of a piecewise-linear dynamic bowtie filter},
author = {Hsieh, Scott S. and Pelc, Norbert J. and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305},
abstractNote = {Purpose: The prepatient attenuator (or 'bowtie filter') in CT is used to modulate the flux as a function of fan angle of the x-ray beam incident on the patient. Traditional, static bowtie filters are tailored only for very generic scans and for the average patient. The authors propose a design for a dynamic bowtie that can produce a time-dependent piecewise-linear attenuation profile. This dynamic bowtie may reduce dynamic range, dose or scatter, but in this work they focus on its ability to reduce dynamic range, which may be particularly important for systems employing photon-counting detectors. Methods: The dynamic bowtie is composed of a set of triangular wedges. Each wedge is independently moved in order to produce a time-dependent piecewise-linear attenuation profile. Simulations of the bowtie are conducted to estimate the dynamic range reduction in six clinical datasets. The control of the dynamic bowtie is determined by solving a convex optimization problem, and the dose is estimated using Monte Carlo techniques. Beam hardening artifacts are also simulated. Results: The dynamic range is reduced by factors ranging from 2.4 to 27 depending on the part of the body studied. With a dynamic range minimization objective, the dose to the patient can be reduced from 6% to 33% while maintaining peak image noise. Further reduction in dose may be possible with a specific dose reduction objective. Beam hardening artifacts are suppressed with a two-pass algorithm. Conclusions: A dynamic bowtie producing a time-dependent, piecewise-linear attenuation profile is possible and can be used to modulate the flux of the scanner to the imaging task. Initial simulations show a large reduction in dynamic range. Several other applications are possible.},
doi = {10.1118/1.4789630},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22130563}, journal = {Medical Physics},
issn = {0094-2405},
number = 3,
volume = 40,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Fri Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}