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Title: A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS

Abstract

We present Keck OSIRIS 1.1-1.8 {mu}m adaptive optics integral field spectroscopy of the planetary-mass companion to GSC 06214-00210, a member of the {approx}5 Myr Upper Scorpius OB association. We infer a spectral type of L0 {+-} 1, and our spectrum exhibits multiple signs of youth. The most notable feature is exceptionally strong Pa{beta} emission (EW = -11.4 {+-} 0.3 A), which signals the presence of a circumplanetary accretion disk. The luminosity of GSC 06214-00210 b combined with its age yields a model-dependent mass of 14 {+-} 2 M{sub Jup}, making it the lowest-mass companion to show evidence of a disk. With a projected separation of 320 AU, the formation of GSC 06214-00210 b and other very low mass companions on similarly wide orbits is unclear. One proposed mechanism is formation at close separations followed by planet-planet scattering to much larger orbits. Since that scenario involves a close encounter with another massive body, which is probably destructive to circumplanetary disks, it is unlikely that GSC 06214-00210 b underwent a scattering event in the past. This implies that planet-planet scattering is not solely responsible for the population of gas giants on wide orbits. More generally, the identification of disks around young planetarymore » companions on wide orbits offers a novel method to constrain the formation pathway of these objects, which is otherwise notoriously difficult to do for individual systems. We also refine the spectral type of the primary from M1 to K7 and detect a mild (2{sigma}) excess at 22 {mu}m using Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry.« less

Authors:
; ; ;  [1]
  1. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22004439
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Astrophysical Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 743; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY; ACCRETION DISKS; INFRARED SURVEYS; LUMINOSITY; MASS; ORBITS; PHOTOMETRY; PLANETS; SPECTROSCOPY; STARS

Citation Formats

Bowler, Brendan P, Liu, Michael C, Kraus, Adam L, Mann, Andrew W, and Ireland, Michael J., E-mail: bpbowler@ifa.hawaii.edu. A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS. United States: N. p., 2011. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/148.
Bowler, Brendan P, Liu, Michael C, Kraus, Adam L, Mann, Andrew W, & Ireland, Michael J., E-mail: bpbowler@ifa.hawaii.edu. A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/148
Bowler, Brendan P, Liu, Michael C, Kraus, Adam L, Mann, Andrew W, and Ireland, Michael J., E-mail: bpbowler@ifa.hawaii.edu. 2011. "A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/148.
@article{osti_22004439,
title = {A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS},
author = {Bowler, Brendan P and Liu, Michael C and Kraus, Adam L and Mann, Andrew W and Ireland, Michael J., E-mail: bpbowler@ifa.hawaii.edu},
abstractNote = {We present Keck OSIRIS 1.1-1.8 {mu}m adaptive optics integral field spectroscopy of the planetary-mass companion to GSC 06214-00210, a member of the {approx}5 Myr Upper Scorpius OB association. We infer a spectral type of L0 {+-} 1, and our spectrum exhibits multiple signs of youth. The most notable feature is exceptionally strong Pa{beta} emission (EW = -11.4 {+-} 0.3 A), which signals the presence of a circumplanetary accretion disk. The luminosity of GSC 06214-00210 b combined with its age yields a model-dependent mass of 14 {+-} 2 M{sub Jup}, making it the lowest-mass companion to show evidence of a disk. With a projected separation of 320 AU, the formation of GSC 06214-00210 b and other very low mass companions on similarly wide orbits is unclear. One proposed mechanism is formation at close separations followed by planet-planet scattering to much larger orbits. Since that scenario involves a close encounter with another massive body, which is probably destructive to circumplanetary disks, it is unlikely that GSC 06214-00210 b underwent a scattering event in the past. This implies that planet-planet scattering is not solely responsible for the population of gas giants on wide orbits. More generally, the identification of disks around young planetary companions on wide orbits offers a novel method to constrain the formation pathway of these objects, which is otherwise notoriously difficult to do for individual systems. We also refine the spectral type of the primary from M1 to K7 and detect a mild (2{sigma}) excess at 22 {mu}m using Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/148},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22004439}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal},
issn = {0004-637X},
number = 2,
volume = 743,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2011},
month = {Tue Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2011}
}