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Title: Mercury emissions during cofiring of sub-bituminous coal and biomass (chicken waste, wood, coffee residue, and tobacco stalk) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor

Abstract

Four types of biomass (chicken waste, wood pellets, coffee residue, and tobacco stalks) were cofired at 30 wt % with a U.S. sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin Coal) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor. A cyclone, followed by a quartz filter, was used for fly ash removal during tests. The temperatures of the cyclone and filter were controlled at 250 and 150{sup o}C, respectively. Mercury speciation and emissions during cofiring were investigated using a semicontinuous mercury monitor, which was certified using ASTM standard Ontario Hydra Method. Test results indicated mercury emissions were strongly correlative to the gaseous chlorine concentrations, but not necessarily correlative to the chlorine contents in cofiring fuels. Mercury emissions could be reduced by 35% during firing of sub-bituminous coal using only a quartz filter. Cofiring high-chlorine fuel, such as chicken waste (Cl = 22340 wppm), could largely reduce mercury emissions by over 80%. When low-chlorine biomass, such as wood pellets (Cl = 132 wppm) and coffee residue (Cl = 134 wppm), is cofired, mercury emissions could only be reduced by about 50%. Cofiring tobacco stalks with higher chlorine content (Cl = 4237 wppm) did not significantly reduce mercury emissions. Gaseous speciated mercury in flue gas after amore » quartz filter indicated the occurrence of about 50% of total gaseous mercury to be the elemental mercury for cofiring chicken waste, but occurrence of above 90% of the elemental mercury for all other cases. Both the higher content of alkali metal oxides or alkali earth metal oxides in tested biomass and the occurrence of temperatures lower than 650{sup o}C in the upper part of the fluidized bed combustor seemed to be responsible for the reduction of gaseous chlorine and, consequently, limited mercury emissions reduction during cofiring. 36 refs., 3 figs. 1 tab.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  [1]
  1. Western Kentucky University (WKU), Bowling Green, KY (USA). Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology (ICSET)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
21150509
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Environmental Science and Technology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 42; Journal Issue: 24; Other Information: yan.cao@wku/edu; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; 09 BIOMASS FUELS; COCOMBUSTION; SUBBITUMINOUS COAL; BIOMASS; TOBACCO; WOOD WASTES; FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS; ORGANIC WASTES; FUEL PELLETS; CYCLONE SEPARATORS; EMISSION; MERCURY; CHLORINE; CHEMICAL STATE; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; CHICKENS; MANURES; FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION

Citation Formats

Cao, Yan, Zhou, Hongcang, Fan, Junjie, Zhao, Houyin, Zhou, Tuo, Hack, Pauline, Chan, Chia-Chun, Liou, Jian-Chang, and Pan, Wei-ping. Mercury emissions during cofiring of sub-bituminous coal and biomass (chicken waste, wood, coffee residue, and tobacco stalk) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor. United States: N. p., 2008. Web.
Cao, Yan, Zhou, Hongcang, Fan, Junjie, Zhao, Houyin, Zhou, Tuo, Hack, Pauline, Chan, Chia-Chun, Liou, Jian-Chang, & Pan, Wei-ping. Mercury emissions during cofiring of sub-bituminous coal and biomass (chicken waste, wood, coffee residue, and tobacco stalk) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor. United States.
Cao, Yan, Zhou, Hongcang, Fan, Junjie, Zhao, Houyin, Zhou, Tuo, Hack, Pauline, Chan, Chia-Chun, Liou, Jian-Chang, and Pan, Wei-ping. 2008. "Mercury emissions during cofiring of sub-bituminous coal and biomass (chicken waste, wood, coffee residue, and tobacco stalk) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor". United States.
@article{osti_21150509,
title = {Mercury emissions during cofiring of sub-bituminous coal and biomass (chicken waste, wood, coffee residue, and tobacco stalk) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor},
author = {Cao, Yan and Zhou, Hongcang and Fan, Junjie and Zhao, Houyin and Zhou, Tuo and Hack, Pauline and Chan, Chia-Chun and Liou, Jian-Chang and Pan, Wei-ping},
abstractNote = {Four types of biomass (chicken waste, wood pellets, coffee residue, and tobacco stalks) were cofired at 30 wt % with a U.S. sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin Coal) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor. A cyclone, followed by a quartz filter, was used for fly ash removal during tests. The temperatures of the cyclone and filter were controlled at 250 and 150{sup o}C, respectively. Mercury speciation and emissions during cofiring were investigated using a semicontinuous mercury monitor, which was certified using ASTM standard Ontario Hydra Method. Test results indicated mercury emissions were strongly correlative to the gaseous chlorine concentrations, but not necessarily correlative to the chlorine contents in cofiring fuels. Mercury emissions could be reduced by 35% during firing of sub-bituminous coal using only a quartz filter. Cofiring high-chlorine fuel, such as chicken waste (Cl = 22340 wppm), could largely reduce mercury emissions by over 80%. When low-chlorine biomass, such as wood pellets (Cl = 132 wppm) and coffee residue (Cl = 134 wppm), is cofired, mercury emissions could only be reduced by about 50%. Cofiring tobacco stalks with higher chlorine content (Cl = 4237 wppm) did not significantly reduce mercury emissions. Gaseous speciated mercury in flue gas after a quartz filter indicated the occurrence of about 50% of total gaseous mercury to be the elemental mercury for cofiring chicken waste, but occurrence of above 90% of the elemental mercury for all other cases. Both the higher content of alkali metal oxides or alkali earth metal oxides in tested biomass and the occurrence of temperatures lower than 650{sup o}C in the upper part of the fluidized bed combustor seemed to be responsible for the reduction of gaseous chlorine and, consequently, limited mercury emissions reduction during cofiring. 36 refs., 3 figs. 1 tab.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21150509}, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
issn = {0013-936X},
number = 24,
volume = 42,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2008},
month = {Mon Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2008}
}