Update on major commercial advancement by ammonia FGD
Extensive use of wet scrubbing processes since the 1970s has presented challenging problems, particularly in high-sulfur coal applications, a service most common in the US, eastern Europe and parts of Asia. For thirty years plant Owners have sought commercial availability and introduction of FGD processes that minimize operating and maintenance costs, complications and compromises. This continues, internationally, to be an important goal for the electric power industry. Moreover, markets for usable, high quality gypsum from commonly applied, wet lime/limestone FGD operation have become saturated in major areas by this rapidly growing, powerplant-byproduct output. Important system design and operational progress, particularly via German firms in the early 1990s, has made a major success of lime-using dry scrubbers of the circulating-fluid-bed type. However, lacking a sulfurous byproduct that is commercially salable in major markets, this process design may not be broadly applicable in large, worldwide powerplants. This paper describes the technical and environmental aspects of ammonia FGD; economics; wet ammonia FGD; dry ammonia FGD; the role of a substantially growing ammonium sulfate supply in worldwide agriculture; and extent of worldwide byproduct market.
- Research Organization:
- Ellison Consultants, Monrovia, MD (US)
- OSTI ID:
- 20013428
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 24th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, FL (US), 03/08/1999--03/11/1999; Other Information: PBD: [1999]; Related Information: In: The proceedings of the 24th international technical conference on coal utilization and fuel systems, by Sakkestad, B.A. [ed.], 1091 pages.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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