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Title: 20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

Journal Article · · Biogeosciences (Online)
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland)
  2. Siberian Federal Univ., Krasnoyarsk (Russia); Univ. of Geneva (Switzerland)
  3. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland); Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Swiss Federal Research Inst., Birmensdorf (Switzerland)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Swiss Federal Research Inst., Birmensdorf (Switzerland)
  6. Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (ci/ca) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ13C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in ci/ca and an increase in iWUE of about 27% since 1900. LPX-Bern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO2. The results suggest that the downregulation of ci/ca and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1379862
Journal Information:
Biogeosciences (Online), Vol. 14, Issue 10; ISSN 1726-4189
Publisher:
European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 57 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Simulating effects of land use changes on carbon fluxes: past contributions to atmospheric CO 2 increases and future commitments due to losses of terrestrial sink capacity journal September 2008
Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: A review text January 2011
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Are carbohydrate storage strategies of trees traceable by early–latewood carbon isotope differences? text January 2015
A multi-proxy approach for revealing recent climatic changes in the Russian Altai text January 2011
Increasing relevance of spring temperatures for Norway spruce trees in Davos, Switzerland, after the 1950s text January 2014
Carbon isotopes in the ocean model of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) text January 2015
NPP Multi-Biome: NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison
  • Nceas), NCEAS 7520 : Hibbard: Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison Working Group IV (Hosted By; Synthesis, National Center For Ecological Analysis And; Olson, Richard
  • KNB Data Repository https://doi.org/10.5063/aa/nceas.305.1
dataset January 2007
A reconstruction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopic composition from the penultimate glacial maximum to the last glacial inception text January 2013
Multiple greenhouse-gas feedbacks from the land biosphere under future climate change scenarios text January 2013
Do centennial tree-ring and stable isotope trends of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. indicate increasing water shortage in the Siberian north? text January 2009
The application of tree-rings and stable isotopes for reconstructions of climate conditions in the Russian Altai text January 2013
Transient simulations of Holocene atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrestrial carbon since the Last Glacial Maximum text January 2004
Global warming feedbacks on terrestrial carbon uptake under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios text January 2001
Deep ocean ventilation, carbon isotopes, marine sedimentation and the deglacial CO2 rise text January 2010
Application of eco-physiological models to the climatic interpretation of δ13C and δ18O measured in Siberian larch tree-rings text January 2016
Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review text January 2011
Simulating oxygen isotope ratios in tree ring cellulose using a dynamic global vegetation model text January 2016
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Use of a simple model for studying oceanic tracer distributions and the global carbon cycle text January 1992
Isotopic composition ( δ 13 C, δ 18 O) in wood and cellulose of Siberian larch trees for early Medieval and recent periods text January 2008
NPP Multi-Biome: NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison
  • Nceas), NCEAS 7520 : Hibbard: Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison Working Group IV (Hosted By; Synthesis, National Center For Ecological Analysis And; Olson, Richard
  • KNB Data Repository https://doi.org/10.5063/aa/nceas.305.2
dataset January 2007

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Preliminary evaluation of the potential of tree-ring cellulose content as a novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology journal January 2018
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