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Title: Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of Porphyra umbilicalis (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Journal Article · · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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  1. University of Maine, Orono (Maine). School of Marine Sciences
  2. University of Maine, Orono (Maine). School of Marine Sciences; Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States). Department of Molecular Biology
  3. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre and Marie Curie Paris (France). Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff
  4. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth (United Kingdom)
  5. Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz (Germany). Institute for Molecular Biology
  6. University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN (United States). Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
  7. HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  8. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Biology Dept.
  9. Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane (Australia). Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
  10. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States). Division of Biology
  11. Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ (United States). Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources
  12. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Department of Biological Sciences
  13. Scottish Marine Institute (United Kingdom). Scottish Association for Marine Sciences
  14. Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London (United Kingdom)
  15. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre and Marie Curie Paris (France). Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff
  16. University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC (Canada). Department of Botany
  17. Tau Biosciences LLC, Edmond, OK (United States)
  18. University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Department of Biomolecular Engineering
  19. University of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Department of Plant Sciences
  20. University of Connecticut, Groton, CT (United States). Department of Marine Sciences
  21. Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena (Germany). Institute of General Botany and Plant Phisiology
  22. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (United States). Division of Biology
  23. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  24. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (United States). Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources
  25. University of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Department of Molecular & Biomedical Science
  26. University of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Dept. of Plant Sciences
  27. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou (China). Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, HIST
  28. Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA (United States). Dept. of Plant Science
  29. University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT (United States). Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
  30. University of Bonn (Germany). Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology
  31. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (United States). Department of Biology
+ Show Author Affiliations

Porphyra umbilicalis (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploid Porphyra genome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of the Porphyra genome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins in Porphyra are restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, including Porphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1376126
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1616054
Report Number(s):
BNL-114055-2017-JA
Journal Information:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, Issue 31; ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher:
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 163 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (33)

Two divergent Symbiodinium genomes reveal conservation of a gene cluster for sunscreen biosynthesis and recently lost genes journal June 2018
PyMPV17, the MPV17 Homolog of Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta), Enhances Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Chlamydomonas journal November 2019
The genomes of polyextremophilic cyanidiales contain 1% horizontally transferred genes with diverse adaptive functions journal May 2019
The Oxymonad Genome Displays Canonical Eukaryotic Complexity in the Absence of a Mitochondrion journal August 2019
PI signal transduction and ubiquitination respond to dehydration stress in the red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata under successive tidal cycles journal November 2019
The agar-specific hydrolase ZgAgaC from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans defines a new GH16 protein subfamily journal April 2019
Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly journal May 2019
Lacking catalase, a protistan parasite draws on its photosynthetic ancestry to complete an antioxidant repertoire with ascorbate peroxidase journal July 2019
Vitamin B 12 sources and microbial interaction journal December 2017
Genetic toolkits of the red alga Pyropia tenera against the three most common diseases in Pyropia farms journal April 2019
Genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae shed light on plant terrestrialization journal December 2019
Advancing the taxonomy of economically important red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) text January 2017
Red seaweeds Porphyra umbilicalis and Grateloupia turuturu display antigenotoxic and longevity-promoting potential in Drosophila melanogaster journal July 2019
A chromosome‐level genome assembly of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) journal November 2019
Transcriptomic Insights into Innate Immunity Responding to Red Rot Disease in Red Alga Pyropia yezoensis journal November 2019
Mannose-Specific Lectins from Marine Algae: Diverse Structural Scaffolds Associated to Common Virucidal and Anti-Cancer Properties journal July 2019
Complex multicellularity in fungi: evolutionary convergence, single origin, or both?: Complex multicellularity in Fungi journal April 2018
Dietary Supplementation with the Red Seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis Protects against DNA Damage and Pre-Malignant Dysplastic Skin Lesions in HPV-Transgenic Mice journal October 2019
Analysis of synonymous codon usage of chloroplast genome in Porphyra umbilicalis journal July 2019
Characterization and expression profiles of small heat shock proteins in the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis journal January 2019
Inferring Biochemical Reactions and Metabolite Structures to Understand Metabolic Pathway Drift journal February 2020
Advances in the technologies for studying consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae in wastewaters journal April 2019
The molecular mass and isoelectric point of plant proteomes journal August 2019
Expansion of phycobilisome linker gene families in mesophilic red algae journal October 2019
Scalable Biosynthesis of the Seaweed Neurochemical, Kainic Acid journal May 2019
Evolution and expression of core SWI / SNF genes in red algae journal October 2018
Full-length transcriptome sequences obtained by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to heat shock proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in Pyropia haitanensis journal September 2018
Transcriptomic analysis under ethylene precursor treatment uncovers the regulation of gene expression linked to sexual reproduction in the dioecious red alga Pyropia pseudolinearis journal April 2019
Scalable Biosynthesis of the Seaweed Neurochemical, Kainic Acid journal June 2019
A common garden experiment with Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) evaluates methods to study spatial differences in the macroalgal microbiome journal August 2018
Advancing the taxonomy of economically important red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) text January 2017
Health Functionality and Quality Control of Laver (Porphyra, Pyropia): Current Issues and Future Perspectives as an Edible Seaweed journal December 2019
The γ33 subunit of R-phycoerythrin from Gracilaria chilensis has a typical double linked phycourobilin similar to γ subunit journal April 2018

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
antioxidants
carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes)
cyclin D
iron-uptake
kinesin
mannan biosynthesis
mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)
septins
sulfated galactans
vitamin B12