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Title: Multi-wavelength observations of blazar AO 0235+164 in the 2008-2009 flaring state

Abstract

The blazar AO 0235+164 (z = 0.94) has been one of the most active objects observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) since its launch in Summer 2008. In addition to the continuous coverage by Fermi, contemporaneous observations were carried out from the radio to γ-ray bands between 2008 September and 2009 February.Here, we summarize the rich multi-wavelength data collected during the campaign (including F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Kanata, OVRO, RXTE, SMARTS, Swift, and other instruments), examine the cross-correlation between the light curves measured in the different energy bands, and interpret the resulting spectral energy distributions in the context of well-known blazar emission models. We also find that the γ-ray activity is well correlated with a series of near-IR/optical flares, accompanied by an increase in the optical polarization degree. On the other hand, the X-ray light curve shows a distinct 20 day high state of unusually soft spectrum, which does not match the extrapolation of the optical/UV synchrotron spectrum. We tentatively interpret this feature as the bulk Compton emission by cold electrons contained in the jet, which requires an accretion disk corona with an effective covering factor of 19% at a distance of 100 R g. Finally, we model the broadband spectramore » with a leptonic model with external radiation dominated by the infrared emission from the dusty torus.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
the Fermi-LAT Collaboration; the GASP-WEBT consortium; F-GAMMA; Iram-PdBI; Kanata; RXTE; SMARTS; Swift-XRT
OSTI Identifier:
1356726
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 751; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; BL Lacertae objects: individual (AO 0235+164); galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Citation Formats

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rastawicki, D., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Richards, J. L., Sbarra, C., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Szostek, A., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Moderski, R., Nalewajko, K., Sikora, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Benítez, E., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Boettcher, M., Bravo Calle, O. J. A., Buemi, C. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Diltz, C., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Efimova, N. V., Forné, E., Gurwell, M. A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Jordan, B., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Lindfors, E., Lin, H. C., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Oksman, M., Roustazadeh, P., Sievers, A., Sigua, L. A., Sillanpää, A., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Angelakis, E., Krichbaum, T. P., Nestoras, I., Riquelme, D., Krips, M., Trippe, S., Arai, A., Kawabata, K. S., Sakimoto, K., Sasada, M., Sato, S., Uemura, M., Yamanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Belloni, T., Tagliaferri, G., Bonning, E. W., Isler, J., Urry, C. M., Hoversten, E., Falcone, A., Pagani, C., and Stroh, M. Multi-wavelength observations of blazar AO 0235+164 in the 2008-2009 flaring state. United States: N. p., 2012. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/159.
Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rastawicki, D., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Richards, J. L., Sbarra, C., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Szostek, A., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Moderski, R., Nalewajko, K., Sikora, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Benítez, E., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Boettcher, M., Bravo Calle, O. J. A., Buemi, C. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Diltz, C., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Efimova, N. V., Forné, E., Gurwell, M. A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Jordan, B., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Lindfors, E., Lin, H. C., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Oksman, M., Roustazadeh, P., Sievers, A., Sigua, L. A., Sillanpää, A., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Angelakis, E., Krichbaum, T. P., Nestoras, I., Riquelme, D., Krips, M., Trippe, S., Arai, A., Kawabata, K. S., Sakimoto, K., Sasada, M., Sato, S., Uemura, M., Yamanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Belloni, T., Tagliaferri, G., Bonning, E. W., Isler, J., Urry, C. M., Hoversten, E., Falcone, A., Pagani, C., & Stroh, M. Multi-wavelength observations of blazar AO 0235+164 in the 2008-2009 flaring state. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/159
Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rastawicki, D., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Richards, J. L., Sbarra, C., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Szostek, A., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Moderski, R., Nalewajko, K., Sikora, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Benítez, E., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Boettcher, M., Bravo Calle, O. J. A., Buemi, C. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Diltz, C., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Efimova, N. V., Forné, E., Gurwell, M. A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Jordan, B., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Lindfors, E., Lin, H. C., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Oksman, M., Roustazadeh, P., Sievers, A., Sigua, L. A., Sillanpää, A., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Angelakis, E., Krichbaum, T. P., Nestoras, I., Riquelme, D., Krips, M., Trippe, S., Arai, A., Kawabata, K. S., Sakimoto, K., Sasada, M., Sato, S., Uemura, M., Yamanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Belloni, T., Tagliaferri, G., Bonning, E. W., Isler, J., Urry, C. M., Hoversten, E., Falcone, A., Pagani, C., and Stroh, M. 2012. "Multi-wavelength observations of blazar AO 0235+164 in the 2008-2009 flaring state". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/159. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356726.
@article{osti_1356726,
title = {Multi-wavelength observations of blazar AO 0235+164 in the 2008-2009 flaring state},
author = {Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bellazzini, R. and Blandford, R. D. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bottacini, E. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cavazzuti, E. and Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Cutini, S. and D'Ammando, F. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Dubois, R. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Ferrara, E. C. and Focke, W. B. and Fortin, P. and Fuhrmann, L. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giommi, P. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hayashida, M. and Hughes, R. E. and Itoh, R. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Larsson, S. and Lee, S. -H. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Madejski, G. M. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McEnery, J. E. and Mehault, J. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nishino, S. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Orlando, E. and Ozaki, M. and Paneque, D. and Panetta, J. H. and Pelassa, V. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Pivato, G. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Rastawicki, D. and Razzano, M. and Readhead, A. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reyes, L. C. and Richards, J. L. and Sbarra, C. and Sgrò, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Szostek, A. and Takahashi, H. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tinivella, M. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Troja, E. and Usher, T. L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A. P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Yang, Z. and Zimmer, S. and Moderski, R. and Nalewajko, K. and Sikora, M. and Villata, M. and Raiteri, C. M. and Aller, H. D. and Aller, M. F. and Arkharov, A. A. and Benítez, E. and Berdyugin, A. and Blinov, D. A. and Boettcher, M. and Bravo Calle, O. J. A. and Buemi, C. S. and Carosati, D. and Chen, W. P. and Diltz, C. and Di Paola, A. and Dolci, M. and Efimova, N. V. and Forné, E. and Gurwell, M. A. and Heidt, J. and Hiriart, D. and Jordan, B. and Kimeridze, G. and Konstantinova, T. S. and Kopatskaya, E. N. and Koptelova, E. and Kurtanidze, O. M. and Lähteenmäki, A. and Larionova, E. G. and Larionova, L. V. and Larionov, V. M. and Leto, P. and Lindfors, E. and Lin, H. C. and Morozova, D. A. and Nikolashvili, M. G. and Nilsson, K. and Oksman, M. and Roustazadeh, P. and Sievers, A. and Sigua, L. A. and Sillanpää, A. and Takahashi, T. and Takalo, L. O. and Tornikoski, M. and Trigilio, C. and Troitsky, I. S. and Umana, G. and Angelakis, E. and Krichbaum, T. P. and Nestoras, I. and Riquelme, D. and Krips, M. and Trippe, S. and Arai, A. and Kawabata, K. S. and Sakimoto, K. and Sasada, M. and Sato, S. and Uemura, M. and Yamanaka, M. and Yoshida, M. and Belloni, T. and Tagliaferri, G. and Bonning, E. W. and Isler, J. and Urry, C. M. and Hoversten, E. and Falcone, A. and Pagani, C. and Stroh, M.},
abstractNote = {The blazar AO 0235+164 (z = 0.94) has been one of the most active objects observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) since its launch in Summer 2008. In addition to the continuous coverage by Fermi, contemporaneous observations were carried out from the radio to γ-ray bands between 2008 September and 2009 February.Here, we summarize the rich multi-wavelength data collected during the campaign (including F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Kanata, OVRO, RXTE, SMARTS, Swift, and other instruments), examine the cross-correlation between the light curves measured in the different energy bands, and interpret the resulting spectral energy distributions in the context of well-known blazar emission models. We also find that the γ-ray activity is well correlated with a series of near-IR/optical flares, accompanied by an increase in the optical polarization degree. On the other hand, the X-ray light curve shows a distinct 20 day high state of unusually soft spectrum, which does not match the extrapolation of the optical/UV synchrotron spectrum. We tentatively interpret this feature as the bulk Compton emission by cold electrons contained in the jet, which requires an accretion disk corona with an effective covering factor of 19% at a distance of 100 R g. Finally, we model the broadband spectra with a leptonic model with external radiation dominated by the infrared emission from the dusty torus.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/159},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1356726}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
issn = {0004-637X},
number = 2,
volume = 751,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2012},
month = {Thu May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2012}
}

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The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data
journal, April 1996


Numerical simulations of radiation from blazar jets
journal, August 2003


VLA observations of a complete sample of core-dominated radio sources
journal, September 1993


Polarization of synchrotron emission from relativistic reconfinement shocks
journal, May 2009


Radiative properties of reconnection-powered minijets in blazars: Radiative properties of minijets
journal, February 2011


A structure and energy dissipation efficiency of relativistic reconfinement shocks
journal, January 2009


BeppoSAX observations of 1-Jy BL Lacertae objects -- II
journal, February 2004


Interstellar dust from the Milky Way to the Magellanic Clouds
journal, August 1992


A New System of Faint Near-Infrared Standard Stars
journal, November 1998


The Fastest Relativistic Jets: VLBA Observations of Blazars with Apparent Speeds Exceeding 25 c
journal, March 2006


Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007


Radio/Gamma-Ray time Delay in the Parsec-Scale Cores of Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, September 2010


Optical and radio variability of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+16: A possible 5-6 year periodicity
journal, October 2001


Another look at the BL Lacertae flux and spectral variability: Observations by GASP-WEBT, XMM-
journal, November 2010


Spectroscopic monitoring of the BL Lac object AO 0235+164
journal, January 2007


Multifrequency variability of the blazar AO 0235+164: The WEBT campaign in 2004–2005 and long-term SED analysis
journal, September 2006


Radio-to-UV monitoring of AO 0235+164 by the WEBT and Swift during the 2006–2007 outburst
journal, January 2008


Beppo SAX and multiwavelength observations of BL Lacertae in 2000
journal, September 2003


Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
journal, October 2006

  • Richards, Gordon T.; Lacy, Mark; Storrie‐Lombardi, Lisa J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 166, Issue 2
  • https://doi.org/10.1086/506525

BLAZARS IN THE FERMI ERA: THE OVRO 40 m TELESCOPE MONITORING PROGRAM
journal, May 2011


Photometric and spectroscopic observations of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164
journal, April 1976


Detection at z=0.5 of a 21 CM absorption line in AO0235+164 : the first coincidence of large radio and optical redshifts.
journal, May 1976


The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
journal, October 2005


Prominent Polarized Flares of the Blazars AO 0235164 and PKS 1510089
journal, June 2011


Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998


The Hubble Space Telescope Northern-Hemisphere grid of stellar polarimetric standards
journal, October 1992


Discovery of a sub-megagauss magnetic white dwarf through spectropolarimetry
journal, October 1992


The next Generation Atlas of Quasar Spectral Energy Distributions from Radio to X-Rays
journal, August 2011


Are Quasar Jets Dominated by Poynting Flux?
journal, May 2005


On Pair Content and Variability of Subparsec Jets in Quasars
journal, May 2000


Constraining Emission Models of Luminous Blazar Sources
journal, September 2009


IUE observations of the BL Lac object AO 0235 + 164
journal, December 1982


Optical Spectropolarimetry of Quasi‐stellar Objects Discovered by the Two‐Micron All Sky Survey
journal, August 2003


Internal shocks in the jets of radio-loud quasars
journal, August 2001


AO 0235+164 : a red BL Lac object.
journal, October 1975


The BL Lacertae Objects
journal, September 1976


The complete sample of 1 Jansky BL Lacertae objects. I - Summary properties
journal, June 1991


BROAD Lyα EMISSION FROM THREE NEARBY BL LACERTAE OBJECTS
journal, April 2011


Southern spectrophotometric standards for large telescopes
journal, September 1983


On the size-luminosity relation of AGN dust tori in the mid-infrared
journal, June 2011


Redshifts for Superluminal Candidates
journal, May 1995


The GASP-WEBT monitoring of 3C 454.3 during the 2008 optical-to-radio and γ-ray outburst
journal, August 2009


Multifrequency monitoring of the blazar 0716+714 during the GASP-WEBT-AGILE campaign of 2007
journal, February 2008


The linear polarization of quasi-stellar radio sources at 3.71 and 11.1 centimeters
journal, December 1974


TRISPEC: A Simultaneous Optical and Near‐Infrared Imager, Spectrograph, and Polarimeter
journal, August 2005

  • Watanabe, Makoto; Nakaya, Hidehiko; Yamamuro, Tomoyasu
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 117, Issue 834
  • https://doi.org/10.1086/431914

The 1997 Outburst of AO 0235+164: Evidence for a Microlensing Event?
journal, July 2000


A study of the optical and radio absorption-line systems in AO 0235+164
journal, November 1977


A Medium-Resolution Search for Polarmetric Structure: Moderate Y Reddening Sightlines
journal, February 1996


X-ray spectra of compact extragalactic radio sources
journal, September 1990


Estimating Black Hole Masses of Blazars
journal, June 2011


Multifrequency Spectra of Exosat Blazars
book, January 1994


The Discrete Correlation Function: A New Method for Analyzing Unevenly Sampled Variability Data
journal, January 1989


Simulations of Superluminal Radio Sources
book, January 1996


Multifrequency Spectra of EXOSAT Blazars
journal, January 1994


Simulations of Superluminal Radio Sources
journal, January 1996


Constraining Emission Models of Luminous Blazar Sources
text, January 2009


Blazars in the Fermi Era: The OVRO 40-m Telescope Monitoring Program
text, January 2010


Broad Ly alpha Emission from Three Nearby BL Lacertae Objects
text, January 2011


The New Generation Atlas of Quasar Spectral Energy Distributions from Radio to X-rays
text, January 2011


Internal shocks in the jets of radio-loud quasars
text, January 2001


The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
text, January 2005


The Swift X-ray Telescope
text, January 2005


Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
text, January 2006


Bulk Comptonization spectra in blazars
text, January 2006


Spectroscopic monitoring of the BL Lac object AO 0235+164
text, January 2007


Works referencing / citing this record:

Long-term Multiband Study of High-redshift Blazar S5 0836+71
journal, December 2018


High energy emission processes in OJ 287 during 2009 flare
journal, June 2013


The extreme blazar AO 0235+164 as seen by extensive ground and space radio observations
journal, January 2018


High-energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares
journal, September 2019


Physical characteristics of the Blazar AO 0235+164
journal, February 2015


Variability and Period Analysis for BL Lac AO 0235+164
journal, March 2017


Constraining the Location of Gamma-Ray Flares in Luminous Blazars
text, January 2014


High energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares
text, January 2019