Imaging electronic states on topological semimetals using scanning tunneling microscopy

Gyenis, András; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Jeon, Sangjun; Zhou, Brian B.; Feldman, Benjamin E.; Wang, Zhijun; Li, Jian; Jiang, Shan; Gibson, Quinn D.; Kushwaha, Satya K.; Krizan, Jason W.; Ni, Ni; Cava, Robert J.; Bernevig, B. Andrei; Yazdani, Ali

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105003

Title: Imaging electronic states on topological semimetals using scanning tunneling microscopy

Journal Article · Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · New Journal of Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105003· OSTI ID:1329265

Gyenis, András; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Jeon, Sangjun; Zhou, Brian B.; Feldman, Benjamin E.; Wang, Zhijun; Li, Jian; Jiang, Shan; Gibson, Quinn D.; Kushwaha, Satya K.; Krizan, Jason W.; Ni, Ni; Cava, Robert J.; Bernevig, B. Andrei; Yazdani, Ali

Following the intense studies on topological insulators, significant efforts have recently been devoted to the search for gapless topological systems. These materials not only broaden the topological classification of matter but also provide a condensed matter realization of various relativistic particles and phenomena previously discussed mainly in high energy physics. Weyl semimetals host massless, chiral, low-energy excitations in the bulk electronic band structure, whereas a symmetry protected pair of Weyl fermions gives rise to massless Dirac fermions.Weemployed scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to explore the behavior of electronic states both on the surface and in the bulk of topological semimetal phases. By mapping the quasiparticle interference (QPI) and emerging Landau levels at high magnetic field in Dirac semimetals Cd₃As₂ and Na₃Bi, we observed extended Dirac-like bulk electronic bands. QPI imaged on Weyl semimetal TaAs demonstrated the predicted momentum dependent delocalization of Fermi arc surface states in the vicinity of the surface projected Weyl nodes.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Secretary of Energy (S)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-05ER46200; SC0011978; SC0016239

OSTI ID:: 1329265

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1329266; OSTI ID: 1374812

Journal Information:: New Journal of Physics, Journal Name: New Journal of Physics Vol. 18 Journal Issue: 10; ISSN 1367-2630

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 23 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (64)

Observation of Dirac Node Formation and Mass Acquisition in a Topological Crystalline Insulator Okada, Y.; Serbyn, M.; Lin, H. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239451	journal	August 2013
Quantum Criticality between Topological and Band Insulators in $3 + 1$ Dimensions Goswami, Pallab; Chakravarty, Sudip Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.196803	journal	November 2011
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal and quantum transport in Cd $_{3}$ As $_{2}$ Wang, Zhijun; Weng, Hongming; Wu, Quansheng Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.125427	journal	September 2013
Observation of Fermi arc surface states in a topological metal Xu, S. -Y.; Liu, C.; Kushwaha, S. K. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6219 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256742	journal	December 2014
Discovery of a Weyl fermion state with Fermi arcs in niobium arsenide Xu, Su-Yang; Alidoust, Nasser; Belopolski, Ilya Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3437	journal	August 2015
Quasiparticle interference of the Fermi arcs and surface-bulk connectivity of a Weyl semimetal Inoue, Hiroyuki; Gyenis, András; Wang, Zhijun Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6278 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8766	journal	March 2016
Quantum Phase Transitions from Topology in Momentum Space Volovik, G. E. Quantum Analogues: From Phase Transitions to Black Holes and Cosmology https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1007/3-540-70859-6_3	book	January 2007
Existence of bulk chiral fermions and crystal symmetry Mañes, J. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.155118	journal	April 2012
Chern Semimetal and the Quantized Anomalous Hall Effect in ${HgCr}_{2} {Se}_{4}$ Xu, Gang; Weng, Hongming; Wang, Zhijun Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.186806	journal	October 2011
Dirac Semimetal in Three Dimensions Young, S. M.; Zaheer, S.; Teo, J. C. Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.140405	journal	April 2012
Weyl Semimetal Phase in Noncentrosymmetric Transition-Metal Monophosphides Weng, Hongming; Fang, Chen; Fang, Zhong Physical Review X, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.011029	journal	March 2015
Topological nodal semimetals Burkov, A. A.; Hook, M. D.; Balents, Leon Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.235126	journal	December 2011
Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture Roushan, Pedram; Seo, Jungpil; Parker, Colin V. Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7259, p. 1106-1109 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08308	journal	August 2009
Experimental Discovery of Weyl Semimetal TaAs Lv, B. Q.; Weng, H. M.; Fu, B. B. Physical Review X, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031013	journal	July 2015
Topological response in Weyl semimetals and the chiral anomaly Zyuzin, A. A.; Burkov, A. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.115133	journal	September 2012
Dirac Fermions in Solids: From High-T _c Cuprates and Graphene to Topological Insulators and Weyl Semimetals Vafek, Oskar; Vishwanath, Ashvin Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133841	journal	March 2014
Transport evidence for Fermi-arc-mediated chirality transfer in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Moll, Philip J. W.; Nair, Nityan L.; Helm, Toni Nature, Vol. 535, Issue 7611 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18276	journal	July 2016
Direct imaging of the two-dimensional Fermi contour: Fourier-transform STM Petersen, L.; Sprunger, P. T.; Hofmann, Ph. Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 12, p. R6858-R6861 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.R6858	journal	March 1998
Topological Phase Transition and Texture Inversion in a Tunable Topological Insulator Xu, S. -Y.; Xia, Y.; Wray, L. A. Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6029 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201607	journal	March 2011
Observation of Weyl nodes in TaAs Lv, B. Q.; Xu, N.; Weng, H. M. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3426	journal	August 2015
Imaging standing waves in a two-dimensional electron gas Crommie, M. F.; Lutz, C. P.; Eigler, D. M. Nature, Vol. 363, Issue 6429 https://doi.org/10.1038/363524a0	journal	June 1993
Unexpected mass acquisition of Dirac fermions at the quantum phase transition of a topological insulator Sato, T.; Segawa, Kouji; Kosaka, K. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2058	journal	August 2011
Weyl semimetal phase in the non-centrosymmetric compound TaAs Yang, L. X.; Liu, Z. K.; Sun, Y. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3425	journal	August 2015
Emergent cpt Violation from the Splitting of Fermi Points Klinkhamer, F. R.; Volovik, G. E. International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 20, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X05020902	journal	May 2005
Intra-unit-cell electronic nematicity of the high-Tc copper-oxide pseudogap states Lawler, M. J.; Fujita, K.; Lee, Jhinhwan Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7304 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09169	journal	July 2010
Landau quantization and quasiparticle interference in the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Jeon, Sangjun; Zhou, Brian B.; Gyenis, Andras Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4023	journal	June 2014
Absence of neutrinos on a lattice Nielsen, H. B.; Ninomiya, M. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 193, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(81)90524-1	journal	December 1981
Evidence for the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi Xiong, J.; Kushwaha, S. K.; Liang, T. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6259 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6089	journal	September 2015
Bulk crystal growth and electronic characterization of the 3D Dirac semimetal Na ₃ Bi Kushwaha, Satya K.; Krizan, Jason W.; Feldman, Benjamin E. APL Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908158	journal	April 2015
Atomic-Scale Visualization of Quantum Interference on a Weyl Semimetal Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Zheng, Hao; Xu, Su-Yang; Bian, Guang ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06807	journal	December 2015
Imaging Quasiparticle Interference in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ Hoffman, J. E.; McElroy, K.; Lee, D.-H. Science, Vol. 297, Issue 5584, p. 1148-1151 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1072640	journal	July 2002
Experimental discovery of a topological Weyl semimetal state in TaP Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S. Science Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501092	journal	November 2015
Theoretical investigation of the evolution of the topological phase of Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$ under mechanical strain Young, Steve M.; Chowdhury, Sugata; Walter, Eric J. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.085106	journal	August 2011
Anomalous orbital magnetism in Dirac-electron systems: Role of pseudospin paramagnetism Koshino, Mikito; Ando, Tsuneya Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.195431	journal	May 2010
Absence of neutrinos on a lattice Nielsen, H. B.; Ninomiya, M. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 185, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(81)90361-8	journal	July 1981
Criteria for Directly Detecting Topological Fermi Arcs in Weyl Semimetals Belopolski, Ilya; Xu, Su-Yang; Sanchez, Daniel S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 6 https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.066802	journal	February 2016
High-resolution tunnelling spectroscopy of a graphene quartet Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.; Kuk, Young Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7312 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09330	journal	September 2010
Elektron und Gravitation. I Weyl, Hermann Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 56, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01339504	journal	May 1929
Momentum-resolved Landau-level spectroscopy of Dirac surface state in ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Hanaguri, T.; Igarashi, K.; Kawamura, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.081305	journal	August 2010
Discovery of a Three-Dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi Liu, Z. K.; Zhou, B.; Zhang, Y. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6173 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245085	journal	January 2014
Spin Polarization and Texture of the Fermi Arcs in the Weyl Fermion Semimetal TaAs Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.096801	journal	March 2016
Universal signatures of Fermi arcs in quasiparticle interference on the surface of Weyl semimetals Kourtis, Stefanos; Li, Jian; Wang, Zhijun Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.041109	journal	January 2016
Real-Space Observation of Drift States in a Two-Dimensional Electron System at High Magnetic Fields Morgenstern, M.; Klijn, J.; Meyer, Chr. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.056804	journal	February 2003
Weyl Semimetal in a Topological Insulator Multilayer Burkov, A. A.; Balents, Leon Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.127205	journal	September 2011
Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs Xu, S. -Y.; Belopolski, I.; Alidoust, N. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6248 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9297	journal	July 2015
Weyl semimetals from noncentrosymmetric topological insulators Liu, Jianpeng; Vanderbilt, David Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.155316	journal	October 2014
Dirac semimetal and topological phase transitions in $A_{3}$ Bi ( $A = Na$ , K, Rb) Wang, Zhijun; Sun, Yan; Chen, Xing-Qiu Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195320	journal	May 2012
Quantum oscillations from surface Fermi arcs in Weyl and Dirac semimetals Potter, Andrew C.; Kimchi, Itamar; Vishwanath, Ashvin Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6161	journal	October 2014
The Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly and Weyl fermions in a crystal Nielsen, H. B.; Ninomiya, Masao Physics Letters B, Vol. 130, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)91529-0	journal	November 1983
Magneto-optical conductivity of Weyl semimetals Ashby, Phillip E. C.; Carbotte, J. P. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.245131	journal	June 2013
Visualizing weakly bound surface Fermi arcs and their correspondence to bulk Weyl fermions Batabyal, Rajib; Morali, Noam; Avraham, Nurit Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600709	journal	August 2016
Accidental Degeneracy in the Energy Bands of Crystals Herring, Conyers Physical Review, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.52.365	journal	August 1937
Chiral anomaly and classical negative magnetoresistance of Weyl metals Son, D. T.; Spivak, B. Z. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.104412	journal	September 2013
Observation of a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal phase in high-mobility Cd3As2 Neupane, Madhab; Xu, Su-Yang; Sankar, Raman Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/ncomms4786	journal	May 2014
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetal Borisenko, Sergey; Gibson, Quinn; Evtushinsky, Danil Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.027603	journal	July 2014
Phase transition between the quantum spin Hall and insulator phases in 3D: emergence of a topological gapless phase New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/9/356	journal	September 2007
The Anomalous Hall Effect and Magnetic Monopoles in Momentum Space Fang, Z. Science, Vol. 302, Issue 5642 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089408	journal	October 2003
Time-reversal invariant realization of the Weyl semimetal phase Halász, Gábor B.; Balents, Leon Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.035103	journal	January 2012
Anomalous transport of Weyl fermions in Weyl semimetals Landsteiner, Karl Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.075124	journal	February 2014
Topological semimetal and Fermi-arc surface states in the electronic structure of pyrochlore iridates Wan, Xiangang; Turner, Ari M.; Vishwanath, Ashvin Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205101	journal	May 2011
A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class Huang, Shin-Ming; Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8373	journal	June 2015
Absence of neutrinos on a lattice: Proof by homotopy theory Nielsen, H. B.; Ninomiya, M. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 195, Issue 3, p. 541-542 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(82)90011-6	journal	February 1982
Observation of a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal phase in high-mobility Cd3As2 Neupane, Madhab; Xu, Su-Yang; Sankar, Raman Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4786	journal	May 2014
Experimental discovery of a topological Weyl semimetal state in TaP Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S. Science Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501092	journal	November 2015

Cited By (5)

Fermi Arcs and DC Transport in Nanowires of Dirac and Weyl Semimetals Sukhachov, Pavlo O.; Rakov, Mykhailo V.; Teslyk, Olena M. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 532, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201900449	journal	December 2019
Quasiparticle interference on type-I and type-II Weyl semimetal surfaces: a review Zheng, Hao; Zahid Hasan, M. Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2018.1466661	journal	January 2018
Systematic analysis for triple points in all magnetic symmorphic systems and symmetry-allowed coexistence of Dirac points and triple points Cheung, Chi-Ho; Xiao, R. C.; Hsu, Ming-Chien New Journal of Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aaf11d	journal	December 2018
Hydrodynamics of Fermi arcs: Bulk flow and surface collective modes Gorbar, E. V.; Miransky, V. A.; Shovkovy, I. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.155120	journal	April 2019
Chaotic transport of electron wave packet in Weyl semimetal slab Yar, Abdullah; Ullah Khan, Safi Physical Review E, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.99.052213	journal	May 2019

Similar Records

A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class

Journal Article · Fri Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1329265

Huang, Shin-Ming; Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; +11 more

Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs

Journal Article · Thu Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Science · OSTI ID:1329265

Xu, S. -Y.; Belopolski, I.; Alidoust, N.; +18 more

Spin Polarization and Texture of the Fermi Arcs in the Weyl Fermion Semimetal TaAs

Journal Article · Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1329265

Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S.; +24 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
topological semimetals
scanning tunneling spectroscopy
quasiparticle interference
Landau level spectroscopy

Title: Imaging electronic states on topological semimetals using scanning tunneling microscopy

Citation Formats

References (64)

Cited By (5)

Similar Records

Related Subjects