skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Microbial- and thiosulfate-mediated dissolution of mercury sulfide minerals and transformation to gaseous mercury

Journal Article · · Frontiers in Microbiology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]
  1. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
  2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States). Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
  3. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (United States). Department of Mineral Sciences
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
  5. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Environmental Sciences Division

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that poses significant environmental and human health risks. Soils and sediments, where Hg can exist as the Hg sulfide mineral metacinnabar (β-HgS), represent major Hg reservoirs in aquatic environments. Metacinnabar has historically been considered a sink for Hg in all but severely acidic environments, and thus disregarded as a potential source of Hg back to aqueous or gaseous pools. In this study, we conducted a combination of field and laboratory incubations to identify the potential for metacinnabar as a source of dissolved Hg within near neutral pH environments and the underpinning (a)biotic mechanisms at play. We show that the abundant and widespread sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus extensively colonized metacinnabar chips incubated within aerobic, near neutral pH creek sediments. Laboratory incubations of axenic Thiobacillus thioparus cultures led to the release of metacinnabar-hosted Hg(II) and subsequent volatilization to Hg(0). This dissolution and volatilization was greatly enhanced in the presence of thiosulfate, which served a dual role by enhancing HgS dissolution through Hg complexation and providing an additional metabolic substrate for Thiobacillus. These findings reveal a new coupled abiotic-biotic pathway for the transformation of metacinnabar-bound Hg(II) to Hg(0), while expanding the sulfide substrates available for neutrophilic chemosynthetic bacteria to Hg-laden sulfides. Lastly, they also point to mineral-hosted Hg as an underappreciated source of gaseous elemental Hg to the environment.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1327627
Journal Information:
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6; ISSN 1664-302X
Publisher:
Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 14 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (28)

Exchange of Mercury between the Atmosphere and Terrestrial Ecosystems book November 2011
Voltammetric (Micro)Electrodes for the In Situ Study of Fe2+ Oxidation Kinetics in Hot Springs and S2O Production at Hydrothermal Vents journal February 2008
Biogenic sulfur in two different marine environments journal December 1989
Mercury mobilization by oxidative dissolution of cinnabar (α-HgS) and metacinnabar (β-HgS) journal June 2007
Interactions between mercury and dissolved organic matter––a review journal April 2004
Mercury biogeochemical cycling in the ocean and policy implications journal November 2012
Assessment of bacterial community structure in the deep sub-seafloor biosphere by 16S rDNA-based techniques: a cautionary tale journal October 2003
Dissolved Organic Matter Enhances Microbial Mercury Methylation Under Sulfidic Conditions journal February 2012
Kinetics of Homogeneous and Surface-Catalyzed Mercury(II) Reduction by Iron(II) journal June 2013
Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by Magnetite journal July 2009
Formation of Mercuric Sulfide in Soil journal November 1997
Abundance and diversity of microbial life in ocean crust journal May 2008
The Toxicology of Mercury and Its Chemical Compounds journal January 2006
Infernal 1.0: inference of RNA alignments journal March 2009
GenBank journal January 2009
Confirmation of Thiobacillus denitrificans as a species of the genus Thiobacillus, in the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria, with strain NCIMB 9548 as the type strain journal March 2000
Microbially enhanced dissolution of HgS in an acid mine drainage system in the California Coast Range journal November 2013
Analysis of mercuric reductase (merA) gene diversity in an anaerobic mercury-contaminated sediment enrichment journal October 2006
Mercury and Health journal September 2013
Inorganic and Organic Sulfur Cycling in Salt-Marsh Pore Waters journal May 1986
A Thiosulfate Shunt in the Sulfur Cycle of Marine Sediments journal July 1990
Isolation, Characterization, and Ecology of Cold-Active, Chemolithotrophic, Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria from Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica journal August 2006
Removing Noise From Pyrosequenced Amplicons journal January 2011
Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria journal January 1998
The sulfur cycle of freshwater sediments: Role of thiosulfate journal September 1990
Adaptation of chemosynthetic microorganisms to elevated mercury concentrations in deep-sea hydrothermal vents journal January 2009
Storage bottle material and cleaning for determination of total mercury in seawater journal October 2011
An intercomparison of procedures for the determination of total mercury in seawater and recommendations regarding mercury speciation during GEOTRACES cruises journal February 2012