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Title: Direct Mapping of Charge Distribution during Lithiation of Ge Nanowires Using Off-Axis Electron Holography

Abstract

The successful operation of rechargeable batteries relies on reliable insertion/ extraction of ions into/from the electrodes. The battery performance and the response of the electrodes to such ion insertion and extraction are directly related to the spatial distribution of the charge and its dynamic evolution. However, it remains unclear how charge is distributed in the electrodes during normal battery operation. In this work, we have used offaxis electron holography to measure charge distribution during lithium ion insertion into a Ge nanowire (NW) under dynamic operating conditions. We discovered that the surface region of the Ge core is negatively charged during the core-shell lithiation of the Ge NW, which is counterbalanced by positive charge on the inner surface of the lithiated LixGe shell. The remainder of the lithiated LixGe shell is free from net charge, consistent with its metallic characteristics. The present work provides a vivid picture of charge distribution and dynamic evolution during Ge NW lithiation and should form the basis for tackling the response of these and related materials under real electrochemical conditions.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
OSTI Identifier:
1327102
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-18752
Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984; 48379; KP1704020
DOE Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Nano Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; Lithium ion battery; charge distribution; in situ TEM; electron holography; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory

Citation Formats

Gan, Zhaofeng, Gu, Meng, Tang, Jianshi, Wang, Chiu-Yen, He, Yang, Wang, Kang L., Wang, Chongmin, Smith, David J., and McCartney, Martha R. Direct Mapping of Charge Distribution during Lithiation of Ge Nanowires Using Off-Axis Electron Holography. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01099.
Gan, Zhaofeng, Gu, Meng, Tang, Jianshi, Wang, Chiu-Yen, He, Yang, Wang, Kang L., Wang, Chongmin, Smith, David J., & McCartney, Martha R. Direct Mapping of Charge Distribution during Lithiation of Ge Nanowires Using Off-Axis Electron Holography. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01099
Gan, Zhaofeng, Gu, Meng, Tang, Jianshi, Wang, Chiu-Yen, He, Yang, Wang, Kang L., Wang, Chongmin, Smith, David J., and McCartney, Martha R. 2016. "Direct Mapping of Charge Distribution during Lithiation of Ge Nanowires Using Off-Axis Electron Holography". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01099.
@article{osti_1327102,
title = {Direct Mapping of Charge Distribution during Lithiation of Ge Nanowires Using Off-Axis Electron Holography},
author = {Gan, Zhaofeng and Gu, Meng and Tang, Jianshi and Wang, Chiu-Yen and He, Yang and Wang, Kang L. and Wang, Chongmin and Smith, David J. and McCartney, Martha R.},
abstractNote = {The successful operation of rechargeable batteries relies on reliable insertion/ extraction of ions into/from the electrodes. The battery performance and the response of the electrodes to such ion insertion and extraction are directly related to the spatial distribution of the charge and its dynamic evolution. However, it remains unclear how charge is distributed in the electrodes during normal battery operation. In this work, we have used offaxis electron holography to measure charge distribution during lithium ion insertion into a Ge nanowire (NW) under dynamic operating conditions. We discovered that the surface region of the Ge core is negatively charged during the core-shell lithiation of the Ge NW, which is counterbalanced by positive charge on the inner surface of the lithiated LixGe shell. The remainder of the lithiated LixGe shell is free from net charge, consistent with its metallic characteristics. The present work provides a vivid picture of charge distribution and dynamic evolution during Ge NW lithiation and should form the basis for tackling the response of these and related materials under real electrochemical conditions.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01099},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1327102}, journal = {Nano Letters},
issn = {1530-6984},
number = 6,
volume = 16,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}