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Title: A review on regional convection‐permitting climate modeling: Demonstrations, prospects, and challenges

Journal Article · · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000475· OSTI ID:1295958
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [7];  [13];  [14]
  1. National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA, Wegener Center for Global and Climate Change (WEGC) University of Graz Graz Austria
  2. Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
  3. Météo‐France/CNRS CNRM‐GAME Toulouse France
  4. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department Environmental Resource Center Belvaux Luxembourg
  5. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
  6. Meteorological Institute University of Bonn Bonn Germany, Jülich Supercomputing Centre Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany, Centre for High‐Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems ABC/J Geoverbund Jülich Germany
  7. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland, Center for Climate Systems Modeling ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
  8. Institute of Geography Justus‐Liebig Universität Gießen Giessen Germany
  9. Regional and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Meteorology University of Trier Trier Germany
  10. Institute for Coastal Research Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research Geesthacht Germany
  11. Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt Goethe‐Universitt Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt Germany
  12. Centre for High‐Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems ABC/J Geoverbund Jülich Germany, Agrosphere (IBG‐3) Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany
  13. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
  14. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington USA
+ Show Author Affiliations

Abstract Regional climate modeling using convection‐permitting models (CPMs; horizontal grid spacing <4 km) emerges as a promising framework to provide more reliable climate information on regional to local scales compared to traditionally used large‐scale models (LSMs; horizontal grid spacing >10 km). CPMs no longer rely on convection parameterization schemes, which had been identified as a major source of errors and uncertainties in LSMs. Moreover, CPMs allow for a more accurate representation of surface and orography fields. The drawback of CPMs is the high demand on computational resources. For this reason, first CPM climate simulations only appeared a decade ago. In this study, we aim to provide a common basis for CPM climate simulations by giving a holistic review of the topic. The most important components in CPMs such as physical parameterizations and dynamical formulations are discussed critically. An overview of weaknesses and an outlook on required future developments is provided. Most importantly, this review presents the consolidated outcome of studies that addressed the added value of CPM climate simulations compared to LSMs. Improvements are evident mostly for climate statistics related to deep convection, mountainous regions, or extreme events. The climate change signals of CPM simulations suggest an increase in flash floods, changes in hail storm characteristics, and reductions in the snowpack over mountains. In conclusion, CPMs are a very promising tool for future climate research. However, coordinated modeling programs are crucially needed to advance parameterizations of unresolved physics and to assess the full potential of CPMs.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1295958
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1203886; OSTI ID: 1295959
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-106077
Journal Information:
Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Vol. 53 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 8755-1209
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 762 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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High-resolution representation of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of isolated thunderstorms over flat and complex terrains: analysis of CSIP and COPS cases journal December 2012
Exploring the Transient Behavior of Z – R Relationships: Implications for Radar Rainfall Estimation journal October 2009
Structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Superparameterized CAM journal November 2009
Watering our cities: The capacity for Water Sensitive Urban Design to support urban cooling and improve human thermal comfort in the Australian context journal November 2012
The influence of spectral nudging on typhoon formation in regional climate models journal January 2012
The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes journal July 1993
A Madden-Julian Oscillation Event Realistically Simulated by a Global Cloud-Resolving Model journal December 2007
One-Way Nested Regional Climate Simulations and Domain Size journal January 2005
Adaptive mesh, finite volume modeling of marine ice sheets journal January 2013
Adjoint sensitivity of global cloud droplet number to aerosol and dynamical parameters journal January 2012
Deep moist atmospheric convection in a subkilometer global simulation journal September 2013
Meso-urban meteorological and photochemical modeling of heat island mitigation journal December 2008
Using Compiler Directives to Port Large Scientific Applications to GPUs: An Example from Atmospheric Science journal March 2014
Development of a Coupled Groundwater–Atmosphere Model journal January 2011
A new approach to resolving climate-cryosphere relations: Downscaling climate dynamics to glacier-scale mass and energy balance without statistical scale linking journal January 2011
Validity of anelastic and other equation sets as inferred from normal-mode analysis journal July 2003
An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology book January 1988
Orogenic Propagating Precipitation Systems over the United States in a Global Climate Model with Embedded Explicit Convection journal August 2011
Verification of ensemble flow forecasts for the River Rhine journal October 2009
A Spectral Nudging Technique for Dynamical Downscaling Purposes journal October 2000
Mean climate and transience in the tropics of the UGAMP GCM: Sensitivity to convective parametrization journal July 1994
Heavier summer downpours with climate change revealed by weather forecast resolution model journal June 2014
Increase in hourly precipitation extremes beyond expectations from temperature changes journal July 2008
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) journal February 2000
The Impact of Hail Size on Simulated Supercell Storms journal July 2004
Does increasing the spatial resolution of a regional climate model improve the simulated daily precipitation? journal November 2012
Observed relationships between extreme sub-daily precipitation, surface temperature, and relative humidity: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIP, TEMP, AND RH journal November 2010
New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis journal January 2011
On entrainment rates in nocturnal marine stratocumulus journal October 2003
The Value of High-Resolution Met Office Regional Climate Models in the Simulation of Multihourly Precipitation Extremes journal August 2014
The Real-Time Ultrafinescale Forecast Support during the Special Observing Period of the MAP journal January 2002
Assessing the Benefits of Convection-Permitting Models by Neighborhood Verification: Examples from MAP D-PHASE journal September 2010
Chip makers turn to multicore processors journal January 2005
The Cumulus Parameterization Problem: Past, Present, and Future journal July 2004
Turbulence Closure Parameterization and Grid Spacing Effects in Simulated Supercell Storms journal December 2010
Large eddy simulation of the atmosphere on various scales
  • Cullen, M. J. P.; Brown, A. R.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 367, Issue 1899 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0268
journal July 2009
The 5–9 February 1996 Flooding Event over the Pacific Northwest: Sensitivity Studies and Evaluation of the MM5 Precipitation Forecasts journal March 2000
A simplified PDF parameterization of subgrid-scale clouds and turbulence for cloud-resolving models: TURBULENCE SCHEME FOR CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELS journal April 2013
A Low Mach Number Model for Moist Atmospheric Flows journal April 2015
Toward unification of the multiscale modeling of the atmosphere journal January 2011
The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere journal July 1962
Aerosol indirect effects in a multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF journal January 2011
The predictability of a flow which possesses many scales of motion journal June 1969
The Simulation of Three-Dimensional Convective Storm Dynamics journal June 1978
A Variable-Resolution Finite-Element Technique for Regional Forecasting with the Primitive Equations journal April 1978
Improving Simulations of Convective Systems from TRMM LBA: Easterly and Westerly Regimes journal April 2007
International Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program and Mission: An Overview book January 2007
Sensitivity of Simulated Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity to Horizontal Resolution journal March 2010
Toward Numerical Modeling in the “Terra Incognita” journal July 2004
Ensemble flood forecasting: A review journal September 2009
An Improved Weak Pressure Gradient Scheme for Single-Column Modeling journal July 2014
Convection Parameterization, Tropical Pacific Double ITCZ, and Upper-Ocean Biases in the NCAR CCSM3. Part II: Coupled Feedback and the Role of Ocean Heat Transport journal February 2010
Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows journal August 2011
Big data visual analytics for exploratory earth system simulation analysis journal December 2013
Enabling In-situ Execution of Coupled Scientific Workflow on Multi-core Platform
  • Zhang, Fan; Docan, Ciprian; Parashar, Manish
  • 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing (IPDPS), 2012 IEEE 26th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2012.122
conference May 2012
Intercomparison of Mesoscale Model Simulations of the Daytime Valley Wind System journal May 2011
Added value of convection permitting seasonal simulations journal April 2013
Long-Term Simulations of Thermally Driven Flows and Orographic Convection at Convection-Parameterizing and Cloud-Resolving Resolutions journal June 2013
Downslope Flows on a Low-Angle Slope and Their Interactions with Valley Inversions. Part II: Numerical Modeling journal July 2008
Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing journal January 2014
Modelling the diurnal cycle of deep precipitating convection over land with cloud-resolving models and single-column models journal October 2004
Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity Projected by the New High-Resolution MRI-AGCM journal May 2012
Role of land cover changes for atmospheric CO 2 increase and climate change during the last 150 years journal August 2004
A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications journal March 2008
The Integrated Nowcasting through Comprehensive Analysis (INCA) System and Its Validation over the Eastern Alpine Region journal April 2011
Importance of Regional Climate Model Grid Spacing for the Simulation of Heavy Precipitation in the Colorado Headwaters journal July 2013
A Transilient Matrix for Moist Convection journal September 2011
EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research journal July 2013
Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate sensitivity range estimates journal February 2012
The Resolution Dependence of Explicitly Modeled Convective Systems journal April 1997
Towards constraining climate sensitivity by linear analysis of feedback patterns in thousands of perturbed-physics GCM simulations journal July 2007
An Improved Numerical Approximation of the Horizontal Gradients in a Terrain-Following Coordinate System journal May 1984
On Improving 4-km Mesoscale Model Simulations journal March 2006
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement book March 1994
Sensitivity of a Simulated Midlatitude Squall Line to Parameterization of Raindrop Breakup journal August 2012
Explicit Filtering and Reconstruction Turbulence Modeling for Large-Eddy Simulation of Neutral Boundary Layer Flow journal July 2005
Simulations of cumulus clouds using a spectral microphysics cloud-resolving model journal January 2007
The Climatological Skill of a Regional Model over Complex Terrain journal November 1989
Mechanisms of Along-Valley Winds and Heat Exchange over Mountainous Terrain journal September 2010

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