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Title: A uniform contribution of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment pattern in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster

Abstract

We present the first measurements of the abundances of α-elements (Mg, Si, and S) extending out beyond the virial radius of a cluster of galaxies. Our results, based on Suzaku Key Project observations of the Virgo Cluster, show that the chemical composition of the intracluster medium is consistent with being constant on large scales, with a flat distribution of the Si/Fe, S/Fe, and Mg/Fe ratios as a function of radius and azimuth out to 1.4 Mpc (1.3 r200). Chemical enrichment of the intergalactic medium due solely to core-collapse supernovae (SNcc) is excluded with very high significance; instead, the measured metal abundance ratios are generally consistent with the solar value. The uniform metal abundance ratios observed today are likely the result of an early phase of enrichment and mixing, with both SNcc and SNe Ia contributing to the metal budget during the period of peak star formation activity at redshifts of 2–3. Furthermore, we estimate the ratio between the number of SNe Ia and the total number of supernovae enriching the intergalactic medium to be between 12% and 37%, broadly consistent with the metal abundance patterns in our own Galaxy or with the SN Ia contribution estimated for the cluster cores.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [2]
  1. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Kanagawa (Japan)
  2. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  4. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Kanagawa (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1270628
Report Number(s):
SLAC-PUB-16657
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213; arXiv:1506.06164
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 811; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; astrophysics; ASTRO; galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo Cluster); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; ISM: abundances; X-rays: galaxies: clusters

Citation Formats

Simionescu, A., Werner, N., Urban, O., Allen, S. W., Ichinohe, Y., and Zhuravleva, I. A uniform contribution of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment pattern in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L25.
Simionescu, A., Werner, N., Urban, O., Allen, S. W., Ichinohe, Y., & Zhuravleva, I. A uniform contribution of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment pattern in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L25
Simionescu, A., Werner, N., Urban, O., Allen, S. W., Ichinohe, Y., and Zhuravleva, I. 2015. "A uniform contribution of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment pattern in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L25. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1270628.
@article{osti_1270628,
title = {A uniform contribution of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment pattern in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster},
author = {Simionescu, A. and Werner, N. and Urban, O. and Allen, S. W. and Ichinohe, Y. and Zhuravleva, I.},
abstractNote = {We present the first measurements of the abundances of α-elements (Mg, Si, and S) extending out beyond the virial radius of a cluster of galaxies. Our results, based on Suzaku Key Project observations of the Virgo Cluster, show that the chemical composition of the intracluster medium is consistent with being constant on large scales, with a flat distribution of the Si/Fe, S/Fe, and Mg/Fe ratios as a function of radius and azimuth out to 1.4 Mpc (1.3 r200). Chemical enrichment of the intergalactic medium due solely to core-collapse supernovae (SNcc) is excluded with very high significance; instead, the measured metal abundance ratios are generally consistent with the solar value. The uniform metal abundance ratios observed today are likely the result of an early phase of enrichment and mixing, with both SNcc and SNe Ia contributing to the metal budget during the period of peak star formation activity at redshifts of 2–3. Furthermore, we estimate the ratio between the number of SNe Ia and the total number of supernovae enriching the intergalactic medium to be between 12% and 37%, broadly consistent with the metal abundance patterns in our own Galaxy or with the SN Ia contribution estimated for the cluster cores.},
doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L25},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1270628}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
issn = {2041-8213},
number = 2,
volume = 811,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Sep 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

De re metallica: the cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
journal, February 2019


Enrichment of the Hot Intracluster Medium: Numerical Simulations
journal, November 2018


Enrichment of the Hot Intracluster Medium: Observations
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CHEERS: The chemical evolution RGS sample
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The XXL Survey: XXIV. The final detection pipeline
journal, November 2018


Possible depletion of metals into dust grains in the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies
journal, February 2019


A uniform metallicity in the outskirts of massive, nearby galaxy clusters
journal, June 2017


The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment
journal, August 2017


The history of chemical enrichment in the intracluster medium from cosmological simulations
journal, February 2017


The non-uniformity of galaxy cluster metallicity profiles
journal, November 2018


Constraints on the chemical enrichment history of the Perseus Cluster of galaxies from high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy
journal, November 2018


Detection of metal-rich, cool-warm gas in the outskirts of galaxy clusters
journal, July 2019


Solar chemical composition in the hot gas of cool-core ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies
journal, July 2018


QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VIII. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COOL CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM SURROUNDING z ∼ 2–3 MASSIVE GALAXIES HOSTING QUASARS
journal, October 2016


Extended X-Ray Study of M49: The Frontier of the Virgo Cluster
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SDSS-IV MaNGA: What Shapes the Distribution of Metals in Galaxies? Exploring the Roles of the Local Gas Fraction and Escape Velocity
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Spatial Distribution of the Milky Way Hot Gaseous Halo Constrained by Suzaku X-Ray Observations
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De re metallica: the cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
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Detection of Metal-Rich, Cool-Warm Gas in the Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters
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