Quantifying EV battery end-of-life through analysis of travel needs with vehicle powertrain models

Saxena, Samveg; Le Floch, Caroline; MacDonald, Jason; Moura, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.072

Title: Quantifying EV battery end-of-life through analysis of travel needs with vehicle powertrain models

Journal Article · Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.072· OSTI ID:1249996

; Le Floch, Caroline; MacDonald, Jason; Moura, Scott

Electric vehicles enable clean and efficient transportation; however, concerns about range anxiety and battery degradation hinder EV adoption. The common definition for battery end-of-life is when 70-80% of original energy capacity remain;, however, little analysis is available to support this retirement threshold. By applying detailed physics-based models of EVs with data on how drivers use their cars, we show that EV batteries continue to meet daily travel needs of drivers well beyond capacity fade of 80% remaining energy storage capacity. Further, we show that EV batteries with substantial energy capacity fade continue to provide sufficient buffer charge for unexpected trips with long distances. We show that enabling charging in more locations, even if only with 120 V wall outlets, prolongs useful life of EV batteries. Battery power fade is also examined and we show EVs meet performance requirements even down to 30% remaining power capacity. Our findings show that defining battery retirement at 70-80% remaining capacity is inaccurate. Battery retirement should instead be governed by when batteries no longer satisfy daily travel needs of a driver. Using this alternative retirement metric, we present results on the fraction of EV batteries that may be retired with different levels of energy capacity fade.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1249996

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1208024

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 282 Journal Issue: C; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

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Cited by: 164 works

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Li-ion battery performance and degradation in electric vehicles under different usage scenarios: Usage scenarios impact on Li-ion battery and PHEV performance Samadani, Ehsan; Mastali, Mehrdad; Farhad, Siamak International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3378	journal	August 2015
Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems Basit, Muhammad Abdul; Dilshad, Saad; Badar, Rabiah International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 44, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5033	journal	May 2020
Life Cycle Air Emissions External Costs Assessment for Comparing Electric and Traditional Passenger Cars Girardi, Pierpaolo; Brambilla, Cristina; Mela, Giulio Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4211	journal	January 2020
Planning for electric vehicle needs by coupling charging profiles with urban mobility Xu, Yanyan; Çolak, Serdar; Kara, Emre C. Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0136-x	journal	April 2018
Life cycle assessment of emerging Ni–Co hydroxide charge storage electrodes: impact of graphene oxide and synthesis route Glogic, Edis; Adán-Más, Alberto; Sonnemann, Guido RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02720c	journal	January 2019
Operational strategy analysis of electric vehicle battery swapping stations Infante, William; Ma, Jin; Liebman, Ariel IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2017.0075	journal	June 2018
Integrating battery degradation in a cost of ownership framework for hybrid electric vehicle design optimization Vora, Ashish P.; Jin, Xing; Hoshing, Vaidehi Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 233, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018802663	journal	June 2018
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Accelerated Internal Resistance Measurements of Lithium-Ion Cells to Support Future End-of-Life Strategies for Electric Vehicles Grandjean, Thomas; Groenewald, Jakobus; McGordon, Andrew Batteries, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040049	journal	October 2018
An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Harighi, Tohid; Bayindir, Ramazan; Padmanaban, Sanjeevikumar Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082174	journal	August 2018
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Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) Kim, Solhee; Pelton, Rylie E. O.; Smith, Timothy M. Sustainability, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236657	journal	November 2019

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