Snowpack-climate manipulation using infrared heaters in subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Meromy, Leah; Molotch, Noah P.; Williams, Mark W.; Musselman, Keith N.; Kueppers, Lara M.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.015

Title: Snowpack-climate manipulation using infrared heaters in subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Journal Article · Tue Jan 20 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.015· OSTI ID:1512184

Meromy, Leah ^[1]; Molotch, Noah P. ^[2]; Williams, Mark W. ^[3]; Musselman, Keith N. ^[4]; Kueppers, Lara M. ^[5]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Geography, Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research; California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Geography
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States). Sierra Nevada Research Inst.

Effects of infrared heaters on snow accumulation, snowmelt, and snow–atmosphere energy exchange were examined at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (CO) and compared to a naturally warmer, but otherwise similar subalpine site in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico (NM). Observed snow accumulation was 30% lower on average and snow melted out 16 days earlier in the heated plots compared to the controls. Soil temperature during snowmelt was 3 °C greater on average and soil moisture was 4% lower on average in heated plots compared to controls. In NM, snow accumulation was 23% lower, snow melted 23 days earlier, soil temperature was 0.6 °C greater, and soil moisture was 13% lower on average relative to CO controls. In order to estimate differences in energy and mass balance fluxes at the snow–atmosphere interface in control versus warmer plots, the 1-D, physically based snowmelt model, SNOWPACK, was used. Model results indicated that heaters alter radiative, turbulent and mass fluxes by amounts comparable to the differences between CO and NM fluxes. The proportion of the energy flux associated with latent heat exchange during snowmelt was 9–27% of the total energy flux in heated models and 19–22% of NM models compared to 3–7% in control models. Thus, sublimation loss to the atmosphere was greater in both experimentally and naturally warmer cases relative to the control case. We conclude that IR heaters can provide alterations to the timing and magnitude of snow accumulation and snowmelt consistent with conditions observed at a warmer analog site and with climate and hydrology model projections. Finally, impacts of IR heating on energy partitioning and sublimation should be considered when designing manipulations of the snowpack, as reductions in snowmelt water may alter biological or ecological processes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1512184

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1249757

Journal Information:: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 203, Issue C; ISSN 0168-1923

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 17 works

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