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Title: Tokamak power exhaust with the snowflake divertor: Present results and outstanding issues

Journal Article · · Journal of Fusion Energy
 [1];  [1]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Here, a snowflake divertor magnetic configuration (Ryutov in Phys Plasmas 14(6):064502, 2007) with the second-order poloidal field null offers a number of possible advantages for tokamak plasma heat and particle exhaust in comparison with the standard poloidal divertor with the first-order null. Results from snowflake divertor experiments are briefly reviewed and future directions for research in this area are outlined.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1248281
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-670951
Journal Information:
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 35, Issue 1; ISSN 0164-0313
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 2 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (30)

Geometrical properties of a “snowflake” divertor journal June 2007
Edge Stability and Pedestal Profile Sensitivity of Snowflake Diverted Equilibria in the TCV Tokamak journal May 2010
Plasma Convection Near the Magnetic Null of a Snowflake Divertor During an ELM Event journal June 2012
Axisymmetric curvature-driven instability in a model divertor geometry journal September 2013
The magnetic field structure of a snowflake divertor journal September 2008
Local properties of the magnetic field in a snowflake divertor journal August 2010
Experimental investigation of neon seeding in the snowflake configuration in TCV journal August 2015
Optimization of experimental snowflake configurations on TCV journal November 2014
Heat flux management via advanced magnetic divertor configurations and divertor detachment journal August 2015
Magnetic configuration flexibility of snowflake divertor for HL-2M journal November 2014
Modeling detachment physics in the NSTX snowflake divertor journal August 2015
Chapter 4: Power and particle control journal December 1999
Snowflake divertor configuration studies in National Spherical Torus Experiment journal August 2012
The ‘churning mode’ of plasma convection in the tokamak divertor region journal July 2014
A snowflake divertor: a possible solution to the power exhaust problem for tokamaks journal November 2012
MAST upgrade closed pumped divertor design and analysis journal October 2011
Comparison of ELM heat loads in snowflake and standard divertors journal July 2013
Radiative snowflake divertor studies in DIII-D journal August 2015
MAST-upgrade divertor facility and assessing performance of long-legged divertors journal July 2013
First EMC3-Eirene simulations of the TCV snowflake divertor journal February 2014
A procedure for the design of snowflake magnetic configurations in tokamaks journal February 2014
Magnetic confinement experiments: plasma–material interactions, divertors, limiters, scrape-off layer (EX/D), stability (EX/S), wave–plasma interactions, current drive, heating, energetic particles (EX/W) journal September 2013
Ballooning modes localized near the null point of a divertor journal April 2014
Taming the plasma–material interface with the ‘snowflake’ divertor in NSTX journal December 2010
DIII-D research towards resolving key issues for ITER and steady-state tokamaks journal September 2013
Power distribution in the snowflake divertor in TCV journal November 2013
Application of the radiating divertor approach to innovative tokamak divertor concepts journal August 2015
Power exhaust in the snowflake divertor for L- and H-mode TCV tokamak plasmas journal February 2014
Ion drifts in a snowflake divertor journal January 2010
Chapter 4: Power and particle control journal June 2007

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Preface to the Special Issue: Strategic Opportunities for Fusion Energy journal January 2016

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