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Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing
Abstract
Tribological performance of steel materials can be substantially enhanced by various thermal surface hardening processes. For relatively low-carbon steel alloys, case carburization is often used to improve surface performance and durability. If the carbon content of steel is high enough (>0.4%), thermal treatments such as induction, flame, laser, etc. can produce adequate surface hardening without the need for surface compositional change. This paper presents an experimental study of the use of friction stir processing (FSP) as a means to hardened surface layer in AISI 4140 steel. The impacts of this surface hardening process on the friction and wear performance were evaluated under both dry and lubricated contact conditions in reciprocating sliding. FSP produced the same level of hardening and superior tribological performance when compared to conventional thermal treatment, using only 10% of the energy and without the need for quenching treatments. With FSP surface hardness of about 7.8 GPa (62 Rc) was achieved while water quenching conventional heat treatment produced about 7.5 GPa (61 Rc) hardness. Microstructural analysis showed that both FSP and conventional heat treatment produced martensite. Although the friction behavior for FSP treated surfaces and the conventional heat treatment were about the same, the wear in FSP processedmore »
- Authors:
-
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1338951
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1247023
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Wear
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 332-333; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1648
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; FSP; surface hardening; friction; grain refinement; phase transformation; wear
Citation Formats
Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta, and Ajayi, Oyelayo O. Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052.
Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta, & Ajayi, Oyelayo O. Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052
Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta, and Ajayi, Oyelayo O. 2015.
"Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1338951.
@article{osti_1338951,
title = {Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing},
author = {Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta and Ajayi, Oyelayo O.},
abstractNote = {Tribological performance of steel materials can be substantially enhanced by various thermal surface hardening processes. For relatively low-carbon steel alloys, case carburization is often used to improve surface performance and durability. If the carbon content of steel is high enough (>0.4%), thermal treatments such as induction, flame, laser, etc. can produce adequate surface hardening without the need for surface compositional change. This paper presents an experimental study of the use of friction stir processing (FSP) as a means to hardened surface layer in AISI 4140 steel. The impacts of this surface hardening process on the friction and wear performance were evaluated under both dry and lubricated contact conditions in reciprocating sliding. FSP produced the same level of hardening and superior tribological performance when compared to conventional thermal treatment, using only 10% of the energy and without the need for quenching treatments. With FSP surface hardness of about 7.8 GPa (62 Rc) was achieved while water quenching conventional heat treatment produced about 7.5 GPa (61 Rc) hardness. Microstructural analysis showed that both FSP and conventional heat treatment produced martensite. Although the friction behavior for FSP treated surfaces and the conventional heat treatment were about the same, the wear in FSP processed surfaces was reduced by almost 2× that of conventional heat treated surfaces. Furthermore, the superior performance is attributed to the observed grain refinement accompanying the FSP treatment in addition to the formation of martensite. As it relates to tribological performance, this study shows FSP to be an effective, highly energy efficient, and environmental friendly (green) alternative to conventional heat treatment for steel.},
doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1338951},
journal = {Wear},
issn = {0043-1648},
number = C,
volume = 332-333,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Sat Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Study of microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and hot corrosion behavior of friction stir processed boiler steel
journal, July 2019
- Singh, Supreet; Kaur, Manpreet; Kumar, Manoj
- Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 9
Effect of Tip Shape of Frictional Stir Burnishing Tool on Processed Layer’s Hardness, Residual Stress and Surface Roughness
journal, January 2018
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Effect of heat treatment on surface hardness and tribological behavior of XC38 steel—approach by the experiments plans
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Recent Development in Friction Stir Processing as a Solid-State Grain Refinement Technique: Microstructural Evolution and Property Enhancement
journal, July 2019
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Improvement Effect of Green Lubricants on the Tribological and Mechanical Performance of 4140 Steel
journal, November 2019
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