Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers

Zhou, Nanjia; Guo, Xugang; Ponce Ortiz, Rocio; Harschneck, Tobias; Manley, Eric F.; Lou, Sylvia J.; Hartnett, Patrick E.; Yu, Xinge; Horwitz, Noah E.; Mayorga Burrezo, Paula; Aldrich, Thomas J.; Lopez Navarrete, Juan T.; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Chen, Lin X.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.

doi:10.1021/jacs.5b06462

Title: Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers

Journal Article · Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06462· OSTI ID:1245962

Zhou, Nanjia; Guo, Xugang; Ponce Ortiz, Rocio; Harschneck, Tobias; Manley, Eric F.; Lou, Sylvia J.; Hartnett, Patrick E.; Yu, Xinge; Horwitz, Noah E.; Mayorga Burrezo, Paula; Aldrich, Thomas J.; Lopez Navarrete, Juan T.; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Chen, Lin X.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.

As effective building blocks for high-mobility transistor polymers, oligothiophenes are receiving attention for polymer solar cells (PSCs) because the resulting polymers can effectively suppress charge recombination. In this work we investigate two series of in-chain donor–acceptor copolymers, PTPDnT and PBTInT, based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) or bithiopheneimide (BTI) as electron acceptor units, respectively, and oligothiophenes (nTs) as donor counits, for high-performance PSCs. Intramolecular S···O interaction leads to more planar TPD polymer backbones, however backbone torsion yields greater open-circuit voltages for BTI polymers. Thiophene addition progressively raises polymer HOMOs but marginally affects their band gaps. FT-Raman spectra indicate that PTPDnT and PBTInT conjugation lengths scale with nT catenation up to $$n$$ = 3 and then saturate for longer oligomer. Furthermore, the effects of oligothiophene alkylation position are explored, revealing that the alkylation pattern greatly affects film morphology and PSC performance. The 3T with “outward” alkylation in PTPD3T and PBTI3T affords optimal $$π$$-conjugation, close stacking, long-range order, and high hole mobilities (0.1 cm²/(V s)). These characteristics contribute to the exceptional ~80% fill factors for PTPD3T-based PSCs with PCE = 7.7%. The results demonstrate that 3T is the optimal donor unit among nTs ($$n$$ = 1–4) for photovoltaic polymers. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements reveal that the terthiophene-based PTPD3T blend maintains high crystallinity with appreciable local mobility and long charge carrier lifetime. These results provide fundamental materials structure-device performance correlations and suggest guidelines for designing oligothiophene-based polymers with optimal thiophene catenation and appropriate alkylation pattern to maximize PSC performance.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Polyera Corp.; National Science Foundation (NSF); Basic Research Funds; Peacock Team Project; Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0001059; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1245962

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 39; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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catalysis (homogeneous)
catalysis (heterogeneous)
solar (photovoltaic)
solar (fuels)
photosynthesis (natural and artificial)
bio-inspired
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electrodes - solar
defects
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Title: Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers

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