Control of excitons in multi-layer van der Waals heterostructures

Calman, E. V.; Dorow, C. J.; Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V.; Hu, S.; Mishchenko, A.; Geim, A. K.

doi:10.1063/1.4943204

Title: Control of excitons in multi-layer van der Waals heterostructures

Journal Article · Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943204· OSTI ID:1470317

Calman, E. V. ^[1]; Dorow, C. J. ^[1]; Fogler, M. M. ^[1]; Butov, L. V. ^[1]; Hu, S. ^[2]; Mishchenko, A. ^[2]; Geim, A. K. ^[2]

Univ. of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Univ. of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom)

Here, we report an experimental study of excitons in a double quantum well van der Waals heterostructure made of atomically thin layers of MoS₂ and hexagonal boron nitride. The emission of neutral and charged excitons is controlled by gate voltage, temperature, and both the helicity and the power of optical excitation. Van der Waals heterostructures composed of ultrathin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), such as MoS₂, WSe₂, etc., offer an opportunity to realize artificial materials with designable properties, forming a new platform for studying basic phenomena and developing optoelectronic devices. In the TMD structures, excitons have high binding energies and are prominent in the optical response. The energy, intensity, and polarization of exciton emission give information about the electronic, spin, and valley properties of TMD materials.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46449

OSTI ID:: 1470317

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1240472

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 10; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 52 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (42)

Erratum: Optical Spectrum of ${MoS}_{2}$ : Many-Body Effects and Diversity of Exciton States [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 , 216805 (2013)] Qiu, Diana Y.; da Jornada, Felipe H.; Louie, Steven G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.119901	journal	September 2015
Low-temperature photocarrier dynamics in monolayer MoS2 Korn, Tobias; Heydrich, Stefanie; Hirmer, Michael Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.26514	text	January 2011
Exciton Radiative Lifetimes in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Palummo, Maurizia; Bernardi, Marco; Grossman, Jeffrey C. Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503799t	journal	March 2015
Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂ Splendiani, Andrea; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Yuanbo Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 1271-1275 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903868w	journal	April 2010
Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides Fang, H.; Battaglia, C.; Carraro, C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405435111	journal	April 2014
Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides Xu, Xiaodong; Yao, Wang; Xiao, Di Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2942	journal	April 2014
Probing Excitonic Dark States in Single-layer Tungsten Disulfide Ye, Ziliang; Cao, Ting; O'Brien, Kevin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.5568	text	January 2014
Dielectric enhancement of excitons in near-surface quantum wells Kulik, L. V.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Bayer, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.R2335	journal	July 1996
Electroluminescence and Photocurrent Generation from Atomically Sharp WSe ₂ /MoS ₂ Heterojunction p–n Diodes Cheng, Rui; Li, Dehui; Zhou, Hailong Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl502075n	journal	September 2014
Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas High, A. A.; Leonard, J. R.; Hammack, A. T. Nature, Vol. 483, Issue 7391 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10903	journal	March 2012
Theory of Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Hybertsen, Mark S.; Reichman, David R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1305.4972	text	January 2013
Optical Spectrum of ${MoS}_{2}$ : Many-Body Effects and Diversity of Exciton States Qiu, Diana Y.; da Jornada, Felipe H.; Louie, Steven G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.216805	journal	November 2013
Absorption of light by excitons and trions in monolayers of metal dichalcogenide $Mo S_{2}$ : Experiments and theory Zhang, Changjian; Wang, Haining; Chan, Weimin Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.205436	journal	May 2014
Probing excitonic dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide Ye, Ziliang; Cao, Ting; O’Brien, Kevin Nature, Vol. 513, Issue 7517 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13734	journal	August 2014
Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor Mak, Kin Fai; Lee, Changgu; Hone, James Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 13, Article No.136805 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805	journal	September 2010
Low-temperature photocarrier dynamics in monolayer MoS ₂ Korn, T.; Heydrich, S.; Hirmer, M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3636402	journal	September 2011
Coulomb effects in spatially separated electron and hole layers in coupled quantum wells Butov, L. V.; Imamoglu, A.; Campman, K. L. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1354683	journal	February 2001
Large excitonic effects in monolayers of molybdenum and tungsten dichalcogenides Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.115409	journal	September 2012
Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide Cao, Ting; Wang, Gang; Han, Wenpeng Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1882	journal	January 2012
Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor Ross, Jason S.; Wu, Sanfeng; Yu, Hongyi Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2498	journal	February 2013
Indirect excitons in coupled quantum well structures Zrenner, A.; Leeb, P.; Schäfer, J. Surface Science, Vol. 263, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)90396-N	journal	February 1992
Possibility of coherent light emission from Bose condensed states of SEHPs Fukuzawa, T.; Kano, S. S.; Gustafson, T. K. Surface Science, Vol. 228, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(90)90358-F	journal	April 1990
Exciton spin dynamics in quantum wells Maialle, M. Z.; de Andrada e. Silva, E. A.; Sham, L. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15776	journal	June 1993
Spin-Orbit Coupling, Quantum Dots, and Qubits in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Kormányos, Andor; Zólyomi, Viktor; Drummond, Neil D. Physical Review X, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.011034	journal	March 2014
Van der Waals heterostructures Geim, A. K.; Grigorieva, I. V. Nature, Vol. 499, Issue 7459, p. 419-425 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12385	journal	July 2013
Electrical tuning of valley magnetic moment through symmetry control in bilayer MoS2 Wu, Sanfeng; Ross, Jason S.; Liu, Gui-Bin Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2524	journal	January 2013
Direct and indirect magnetoexcitons in symmetric ${In}_{x}$ ${Ga}_{1 - x}$ As/GaAs coupled quantum wells Butov, L. V.; Zrenner, A.; Abstreiter, G. Physical Review B, Vol. 52, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.52.12153	journal	October 1995
Electroluminescence and photocurrent generation from atomically sharp WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction p-n diodes Cheng, Rui; Li, Dehui; Zhou, Hailong arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.3447	text	January 2014
High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V.; Novoselov, K. S. Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5555	journal	July 2014
Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas High, Alexander A.; Leonard, Jason R.; Hammack, Aaron T. Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012 https://doi.org/10.1364/qels.2012.qth4e.4	conference	January 2012
Control of Exciton Fluxes in an Excitonic Integrated Circuit High, A. A.; Novitskaya, E. E.; Butov, L. V. Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5886 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157845	journal	July 2008
High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V.; Novoselov, K. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.1418	text	January 2014
Temperature effect on optical spectra of monolayer molybdenum disulfide Soklaski, Ryan; Liang, Yufeng; Yang, Li Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4878098	journal	May 2014
Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 Mak, Kin Fai; He, Keliang; Lee, Changgu Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3505	journal	December 2012
Electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum well waveguides Islam, M. N.; Hillman, R. L.; Miller, D. A. B. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 50, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.97930	journal	April 1987
Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer ${WS}_{2}$ Chernikov, Alexey; Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Hill, Heather M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.076802	journal	August 2014
Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS $_{2}$ and WS $_{2}$ Shi, Hongliang; Pan, Hui; Zhang, Yong-Wei Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.155304	journal	April 2013
Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity Mak, Kin Fai; He, Keliang; Shan, Jie Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.96	journal	June 2012
Quasiparticle band structure calculation of monolayer, bilayer, and bulk MoS $_{2}$ Cheiwchanchamnangij, Tawinan; Lambrecht, Walter R. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205302	journal	May 2012
Temperature dependence of the energy gap in semiconductors Varshni, Y. P. Physica, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(67)90062-6	journal	January 1967
Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping Zeng, Hualing; Dai, Junfeng; Yao, Wang Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.95	journal	June 2012
Observation of long-lived interlayer excitons in monolayer MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures Rivera, Pasqual; Schaibley, John R.; Jones, Aaron M. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7242	journal	February 2015

Cited By (24)

Distinct Photoluminescence in Multilayered van der Waals Heterostructures of MoS ₂ /WS ₂ /ReS ₂ and BN Bhat, Usha; Singh, Rajendra; Vishal, Badri physica status solidi (b), Vol. 255, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201700691	journal	April 2018
Resonant Photon Drag of Dipolar Excitons Boev, M. V.; Kovalev, V. M.; Savenko, I. G. JETP Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018120044	journal	June 2018
Indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures at room temperature Calman, E. V.; Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V. CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2018.ff2l.7	conference	January 2018
Distinctive optoelectronic properties of nanostructured ${MoS}_{2}$ bilayers Mlinar, Vladan Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.085411	journal	August 2019
Recent progress in van der Waals heterojunctions Xia, Wanshun; Dai, Liping; Yu, Peng Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr00844a	journal	January 2017
Excitonic Stark effect in ${MoS}_{2}$ monolayers Scharf, Benedikt; Frank, Tobias; Gmitra, Martin Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.245434	journal	December 2016
Rich diversity of crystallographic phase formation in 2D Re _x Mo _1 – _x S ₂ ( x < 0.5) alloy Sharona, H.; Vishal, B.; Bhat, U. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121363	journal	December 2019
Superfluidity of dipolar excitons in a transition metal dichalcogenide double layer Berman, Oleg L.; Kezerashvili, Roman Ya. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.094502	journal	September 2017
Interlayer valley excitons in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides Rivera, Pasqual; Yu, Hongyi; Seyler, Kyle L. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0193-0	journal	August 2018
Photo-detecting of graphene/insulator/silicon heterojunction with direct tunneling mechanism Yang, Wenxin; Xu, Ji; Zhai, Yusheng Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5125284	journal	December 2019
Quantum anomalous valley Hall effect for bosons Kovalev, V. M.; Savenko, I. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.121405	journal	September 2019
Experimental evidences of quantum confined 2D indirect excitons in single barrier GaAs/AlAs/GaAs heterostructure using photocapacitance at room temperature Bhunia, Amit; Singh, Mohit Kumar; Galvão Gobato, Y. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007820	journal	January 2018
Probing interlayer excitons in a vertical van der Waals p-n junction using a scanning probe microscopy technique Rahaman, Mahfujur; Wagner, Christian; Mukherjee, Ashutosh Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aafd12	journal	January 2019
Exciton-exciton interaction in transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers Shahnazaryan, V.; Iorsh, I.; Shelykh, I. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.115409	journal	September 2017
Optical absorption by indirect excitons in a transition metal dichalcogenide/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure Brunetti, Matthew N.; Berman, Oleg L.; Kezerashvili, Roman Ya Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aabe53	journal	May 2018
Complexes of dipolar excitons in layered quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures Bondarev, Igor V.; Vladimirova, Maria R. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.165419	journal	April 2018
Indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures at room temperature Calman, E. V.; Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.07043	text	January 2017
Hot carrier-enhanced interlayer electron–hole pair multiplication in 2D semiconductor heterostructure photocells Barati, Fatemeh; Grossnickle, Max; Su, Shanshan Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.203	journal	October 2017
Few-body systems in condensed matter physics Kezerashvili, Roman Ya. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.07843	text	January 2019
Indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures at room temperature Calman, E. V.; Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04293-7	journal	May 2018
Electronic and optical excitations of two-dimensional ${ZrS}_{2}$ and ${HfS}_{2}$ and their heterostructure Lau, Ka Wai; Cocchi, Caterina; Draxl, Claudia Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.074001	journal	July 2019
Dirac Cones in Graphene, Interlayer Interaction in Layered Materials, and the Band Gap in MoS2 Yakovkin, Ivan Crystals, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6110143	journal	November 2016
Few-Body Systems in Condensed Matter Physics Kezerashvili, Roman Ya. Few-Body Systems, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-019-1520-1	journal	July 2019
Complexes of dipolar excitons in layered quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures Bondarev, Igor V.; Vladimirova, Maria R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.10312	text	January 2017

Similar Records

Voltage-controlled long-range propagation of indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure

Journal Article · Fri Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:1470317

Fowler-Gerace, L. H.; Choksy, D. J.; Butov, L. V.

Indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures at room temperature

Journal Article · Mon May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1470317

Calman, E. V.; Fogler, M. M.; Butov, L. V.; +3 more

Moiré potential impedes interlayer exciton diffusion in van der Waals heterostructures

Journal Article · Fri Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1470317

Choi, Junho; Hsu, Wei-Ting; Lu, Li-Syuan; +16 more

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS

Title: Control of excitons in multi-layer van der Waals heterostructures

Citation Formats

References (42)

Cited By (24)

Similar Records

Related Subjects