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Title: Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating primordial black holes

Journal Article · · Astroparticle Physics
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  1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  2. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Fisica
  3. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  4. Univ. Autonoma de Chiapas (Mexico). Centro de Estudios en Fisica y Matematicas Basicas y Aplicadas (CEFyMAP)
  5. Univ. Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia (Mexico)
  6. Univ. Autonoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez (Mexico).
  7. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Santa Cruz Inst. for Particle Physics
  8. Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  9. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics
  10. Univ. Politecnica de Pachuca (Mexico)
  11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics
  12. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Fisica
  13. Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  14. Inst. Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Puebla (Mexico)
  15. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Geofisica
  16. Inst. Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Zacatenco (Mexico). Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV). Physics Dept.
  17. Benemerita Univ. Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) (Mexico). Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas
  18. New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
  19. Univ. de Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico). IAM-Dept. de Fisica, Dept. de Electronica (CUCEI), IT.Phd (CUCEA), Phys_Mat. Phd (CUVALLES)
  20. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA (United States)
  21. Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) (Mexico). Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matematicas
  22. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Physics
  23. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Physics Division
  24. George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States). School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences; Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics
  25. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Astronomia
  26. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Physics Dept.
  27. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  28. Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics
  29. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  30. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics
  31. Inst. Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City (Mexico). Centro de Investigacion en Computacion
  32. Univ. of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL (United States). Dept. of Physics
  33. Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) (Mexico). Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matematicas
  34. Univ. Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca (Mexico)
  35. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Dept. of Physics
  36. Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA (United States). Dept of Physics
  37. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Ciencias Nucleares
  38. Univ. de Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico). IAM-Dept. de Fisica, Dept. de Electronica (CUCEI), IT.Phd (CUCEA), Phys_Mat. Phd (CUVALLES); Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Ciencias Nucleares
  39. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics; Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Ciencias Nucleares
  40. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Space Science Center
  41. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Santa Cruz Inst. for Particle Physics; Univ. of Hong Kong (China). Dept. of Physics
  42. Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  43. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Physics Division; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of ~ 5.0 × 10¹⁴ g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV – TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Grant/Contract Number:
55155; 103520; 105033; 105666; 122331; 132197; IG100414-3; IN108713; IN121309; IN115409; 161-EXC-2011; AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1193383
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1250257
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-20829; PII: S0927650514001625; TRN: US1500530
Journal Information:
Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 64, Issue C; ISSN 0927-6505
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 18 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (26)

A Blind Search for Bursts of Very High Enery Gamma Rays with Milagro preprint January 2008
Detection techniques for the H.E.S.S. II telescope, data modeling of gravitational lensing and emission of blazars in HE-VHE astronomy preprint January 2013
New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes journal May 2010
Black hole explosions? journal March 1974
Do evaporating black holes form photospheres? journal September 2008
Gamma-Ray Bursts journal August 2012
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On the Density of Primordial Black Holes in the Galactic Halo journal March 1996
Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Spectrum at Solar Minimum with a Long-Duration Balloon Flight over Antarctica journal January 2012
Quark- and gluon-jet emission from primordial black holes: The instantaneous spectra journal May 1990
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On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts journal May 2012
Quark- and gluon-jet emission from primordial black holes. II. The emission over the black-hole lifetime journal July 1991
Searching for very-high-energy gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes journal August 2008
A Blind Search for Transient Bursts of Very High Energy γ Rays With Milagro
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conference January 2008
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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Primordial Black Holes