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Title: Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

Abstract

Optimization is reported for biaryltriazoles as inhibitors of the tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancer. A combined approach was taken featuring organic synthesis, enzymatic assaying, crystallography, and modeling including free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. X-ray crystal structures for 3a and 3b bound to MIF are reported and provided a basis for the modeling efforts. The accommodation of the inhibitors in the binding site is striking with multiple hydrogen bonds and aryl–aryl interactions. Additional modeling encouraged pursuit of 5-phenoxyquinolinyl analogues, which led to the very potent compound 3s. Activity was further enhanced by addition of a fluorine atom adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group as in 3w, 3z, 3aa, and 3bb to strengthen a key hydrogen bond. We also show that physical properties of the compounds can be modulated by variation of solvent-exposed substituents. Several of the compounds are likely the most potent known MIF tautomerase inhibitors; the most active ones are more than 1000-fold more active than the well-studied (R)-ISO-1 and more than 200-fold more active than the chromen-4-one Orita-13.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1172998
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 137; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
ENGLISH
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Dziedzic, Pawel, Cisneros, José A., Robertson, Michael J., Hare, Alissa A., Danford, Nadia E., Baxter, Richard H. G., and Jorgensen, William L. Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1021/ja512112j.
Dziedzic, Pawel, Cisneros, José A., Robertson, Michael J., Hare, Alissa A., Danford, Nadia E., Baxter, Richard H. G., & Jorgensen, William L. Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja512112j
Dziedzic, Pawel, Cisneros, José A., Robertson, Michael J., Hare, Alissa A., Danford, Nadia E., Baxter, Richard H. G., and Jorgensen, William L. 2015. "Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja512112j. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1172998.
@article{osti_1172998,
title = {Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor},
author = {Dziedzic, Pawel and Cisneros, José A. and Robertson, Michael J. and Hare, Alissa A. and Danford, Nadia E. and Baxter, Richard H. G. and Jorgensen, William L.},
abstractNote = {Optimization is reported for biaryltriazoles as inhibitors of the tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancer. A combined approach was taken featuring organic synthesis, enzymatic assaying, crystallography, and modeling including free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. X-ray crystal structures for 3a and 3b bound to MIF are reported and provided a basis for the modeling efforts. The accommodation of the inhibitors in the binding site is striking with multiple hydrogen bonds and aryl–aryl interactions. Additional modeling encouraged pursuit of 5-phenoxyquinolinyl analogues, which led to the very potent compound 3s. Activity was further enhanced by addition of a fluorine atom adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group as in 3w, 3z, 3aa, and 3bb to strengthen a key hydrogen bond. We also show that physical properties of the compounds can be modulated by variation of solvent-exposed substituents. Several of the compounds are likely the most potent known MIF tautomerase inhibitors; the most active ones are more than 1000-fold more active than the well-studied (R)-ISO-1 and more than 200-fold more active than the chromen-4-one Orita-13.},
doi = {10.1021/ja512112j},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1172998}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
issn = {0002-7863},
number = 8,
volume = 137,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 20 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Fri Feb 20 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Autoimmune diseases: MIF as a therapeutic target
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The vascular biology of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): Expression and effects in inflammation, atherogenesis and angiogenesis
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ISO-1 Binding to the Tautomerase Active Site of MIF Inhibits Its Pro-inflammatory Activity and Increases Survival in Severe Sepsis
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journal, February 2001


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journal, January 2008


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journal, October 2011


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Fragment screening of inhibitors for MIF tautomerase reveals a cryptic surface binding site
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journal, March 2012


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journal, April 2014


Prediction of drug solubility from structure
journal, March 2002


The Medicinal Chemist’s Toolbox: An Analysis of Reactions Used in the Pursuit of Drug Candidates
journal, May 2011


Optimization of diarylazines as anti-HIV agents with dramatically enhanced solubility
journal, September 2013


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