Surface-Driven Sodium Ion Energy Storage in Nanocellular Carbon Foams

Journal Article · Tue Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401995a· OSTI ID:1091475

Shao, Yuyan ^[1]; Xiao, Jie ^[1]; Wang, Wei ^[1]; Engelhard, Mark H. ^[1]; Chen, Xilin ^[1]; Nie, Zimin ^[1]; Gu, Meng ^[1]; Saraf, Laxmikant V. ^[1]; Exarhos, Gregory J. ^[1]; Zhang, Jiguang ^[1]; Liu, Jun ^[1]

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1. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sodium ion (Na⁺) batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage due to the natural abundance of sodium, but their development is hindered by the poor intercalation property of Na+ in electrodes. This paper reports a detailed study of high capacity, high rate sodium ion energy storage in high-surface-area nanocellular carbon foams (NCCF). The energy storage mechanism is surface-driven reactions between Na⁺ and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of NCCF. The surface reaction, rather than a Na+ bulk intercalation reaction, leads to high rate performance and cycling stability due to the enhanced reaction kinetics and the absence of electrode structure change. The NCCF makes more surface area and surface functional groups available for the Na⁺ reaction. It delivers 152 mAh/g capacity at the rate of 0.1 A/g and a capacity retention of 90% for over 1600 cycles.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 1091475
• Report Number(s): PNNL-SA-96088; 47476; KC0203020; TE1400000
• Journal Information: Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 8; ISSN 1530-6984
• Publisher: American Chemical Society
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
energy storage
sodium battery
surface driven reaction
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory