An Evaluation of the HVAC Load Potential for Providing Load Balancing Service
This paper investigates the potential of providing aggregated intra-hour load balancing services using heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. A direct-load control algorithm is presented. A temperature-priority-list method is used to dispatch the HVAC loads optimally to maintain consumer-desired indoor temperatures and load diversity. Realistic intra-hour load balancing signals were used to evaluate the operational characteristics of the HVAC load under different outdoor temperature profiles and different indoor temperature settings. The number of HVAC units needed is also investigated. Modeling results suggest that the number of HVACs needed to provide a {+-}1-MW load balancing service 24 hours a day varies significantly with baseline settings, high and low temperature settings, and the outdoor temperatures. The results demonstrate that the intra-hour load balancing service provided by HVAC loads meet the performance requirements and can become a major source of revenue for load-serving entities where the smart grid infrastructure enables direct load control over the HAVC loads.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 1049656
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-81812; 600303000; TRN: US201218%%134
- Journal Information:
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 3, Issue 3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
AIR CONDITIONING
ALGORITHMS
EVALUATION
HEATING
INDOORS
OUTDOORS
PERFORMANCE
SIMULATION
demand response
direct load control
air conditioning
HVAC
thermostatically-controlled appliances
regulation service
load following
ancillary service
renewable integration