P/NETL--DE-FG26-99FT40682 09/29/2002 Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, a fully owned subsidiary of General Electric Power System Division, proposes development of an advanced process to produce high purity hydrogen (H2) and sequestration-ready carbon dioxide (CO2) from a Vision 21 syngas plant. Syngas can be produced from coal, natural gas, opportunity fuels or a combination of feedstocks. This means the resultant syngas can have a hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio as low as zero (pure carbon monoxide (CO)) to as high as 3:1. To economically process syngas into a stream of high purity hydrogen ready for polymer electron membrane (PEM) fuel cell use and into sequestration-ready CO2 is a formidable challenge for presently available technologies. The problem is not intractable but rather that achieving a total solution to the stated problem currently involves to much total cost in the form of shaft work and parasitic energy losses. This proposed technology takes whatever CO/H2 mixture is provided by a Vision 21 syngas plant and converts it, with the smallest possible thermodynamic penalty, into two major streams. One is high purity hydrogen and the other sequestration-ready CO2. This is accomplished in a circulating fluid bed reactor system employing a solid-phase oxygen carrier and a solid-phase carbon dioxide absorber. In this system, syngas and steam are introduced into the reactor where CO participates in the water-gas shift reaction to produce additional H2 and also reacts with the solid-phase oxygen carrier to form CO2. The CO2 is absorbed on the reactor bed. The gas stream exiting the reactor then consists of high purity hydrogen in steam. The hydrogen stream produced in this way could in principal be 99.996% pure. The depleted oxygen carrier and CO2 absorbers are transferred to a regenerator where the oxygen carrier is oxidized in a highly exothermic reaction that provides the needed enthalpy to desorb the CO2 from the absorber. The gas stream leaving the regenerator contains steam and CO2. The initial development program will be conducted over 3 years culminating in a demonstration of a sub-scale pilot plant. The program will involve laboratory evaluation of each subprocess, engineering analysis and economic feasibility of the process, material evaluation of solid-phase bed characteristics, and pilot plant design, fabrication and demonstration. This technology promises to meet DOE's goal of $15/ton cost for CO2 capture and sequestration while at the same time producing a hydrogen stream sufficiently pure for specific applications in the potentially high-growth hydrogen economy. 02/15/2000 COOP 02/15/2000 0 Krastman, Don krastman@fetc.doe.gov (412) 386-4720 Simultaneous Production of High Purity Hydrogen and Sequestration-Ready CO2 from Syngas 09/24/1999 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null NONE 92618 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 0 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Krastman, Don GE - Energy and Environmental Research Corporation P/ANL--002697 The work supported by this project describes the development of novel mixed-conducting dense ceramic membranes that generate hydrogen by separating the gases produced by water dissociation at moderate temperatures. These membranes dissociate vaporized water and remove one or both of the product gases in a nongalvanic mode, (i.e., without using any external circuitry). Membranes that remove hydrogen are known as hydrogen transport membranes (HTMs), and those that remove oxygen are called oxygen transport membranes (OTMs). Nongalvanic ceramic membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide a simple, cost-effective method for separating gases from mixed streams and thereby improve the economics of converting domestic coal reserves to electrical power, hydrogen, and liquid fuels. Hydrogen is considered the fuel of choice for both the electric power and transportation industries because of concerns over global climate change. The President’s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative seeks to advance the methods of producing hydrogen from coal, renewable, and sustainable sources. There is particular interest in using water as a hydrogen source because it is clean and abundant, and the ability to efficiently produce hydrogen from water will dramatically improve our nation’s energy security. Supercritical boilers offer very high pressure (greater than 3,000 psi) steam, and the membranes developed under this FWP will be able to decompose this steam and provide pure hydrogen. Oxygen resulting from dissociation of steam can be used for coal gasification, enriched combustion, or synthesis gas production. The work involves investigations to identify materials with suitable mixed-conducting characteristics, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin, dense ceramic membranes from such materials. Membrane performance in generating hydrogen will be evaluated. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability of the membranes will be studied. Laboratory-scale membrane modules will be assembled and their performance will be tested. 01/22/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Daniels, E.J. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5279 Hydrogen Production by Water Dissociation Using Ceramic Membranes A 10/31/2005 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 235000 2007 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 250000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Daniels, Edward J. ANL P/SRTC--01L2500027 09/30/2001 SRTC was funded by the Nuclear Materials Focus Area to model headspace gas composition during long-term storage of plutonium dioxide materials. Gas generation tests with plutonium dioxide were conducted to support development of this model. The tests were designed to evaluate the effects of variables such as moisture content, specific surface area, specific power, and initial gas composition on gas generation rates and headspace gas composition. Test results show that hydrogen and oxygen gas generation rates (1) increased with water content for oxide produced at a given calcination temperature (i.e., specific surface area (SSA)) and (2) increased with calcination temperature at constant water content (wt %). Also, hydrogen generation rates increased with specific power at constant water content and SSA, while oxygen generation rates remained about the same or decreased. Hydrogen generation rates were essentially the same in air, nitrogen, and argon while oxygen generation rates were greater in argon and nitrogen than in air. 03/07/2002 M&O 04/04/2002 Blancett, Allen L 803-725-3546 Gas Generation Testing to Support Long-Term Storage of Plutonium Dioxide Materials B 10/01/2000 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 29808-0001 2001 EW4000000 Technology Development 10 EW40 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) P/SRTC--SR11NM31 09/30/2002 The Savannah River Technology Center was funded by the Nuclear Material Focus Area to model headspace gas composition during long-term storage of plutonium dioxide materials. Gas generations tests with plutonium dioxide were conducted to support development of this model. The tests were design to evaluate the effects of variables such as moisture content, specific surface area, specific power, and initial gas composition on gas generation rates and headspace gas composition. Test results show that hydrogen and oxygen gas generation rates (1) increased with water content for oxide produced at a given calcination temperature (i.e., specific surface area [SSA[), and (2) increased with calcination temperature at constant water content (wt %). Also, hydrogen generation rates increased with specific power at constant water content and SSA, while oxygen generation rates remained about the same or decreased. Hydrogen generation rates were essential the same in air, nitrogen, and argon while oxygen generation rates were greater in argon and nitrogen than in air. 12/23/2002 M&O 12/23/2002 Murray, Alice M 803-725-0440 Modeling Gas Generation from Radiolysis of Absorbed Water on Pu Dioxide A 10/01/2001 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 29808-0001 2002 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 32970 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) EW40 P/GO--FC36-98GO10340 09/30/1999 Energy Partners will develop an integrated renewable hydrogen fuel cell power system in cooperation with Treadwell Corporation, Trace Engineering, Florida Solar Energy Center, Gee & Jensen Engineering, and the Perry Foundation. The integrated hydrogen energy system will consist of an electrolyzer, hydrogen and oxygen storage systems, fuel cell system and controller/power conditioning unit. the system may be used in connection with any renewable power source, such as a photovoltaic array, solar thermal power plant, wind turbine, small hydro power plant or geothermal power plant. The system will use excess electrical power, during periods when power generated exceeds power needed to produce hydrogen and oxygen. During the periods when the power needed exceeds the power produced from renewable energy sources, pwoer will be produced by the fuel cell. In addition, hydrogen porduced may be used as a fuel for vehicles or boats. The proposed system is targeted for application is remote locations and island communities, but possibilities for grid integration will be investigated as well. COOP 02/23/2005 HOOKER, DOUG Integrated Renewable Hydrogen Utility System 04/10/1998 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-98GO10340 WEST PALM BEACH 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D -29440 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 29440 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 91776 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Barbir, Frano N/A P/ANL--002845 The goal of this task is to develop compact dense ceramic membranes that transport pure oxygen from either steam or air to efficiently and cost-effectively produce hydrogen by reforming natural gas and renewable liquids such as ethanol and bio-oil. In this task, an oxygen transport membrane supplies pure oxygen to produce hydrogen by reforming carbonaceous fuels. 01/22/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Wagner, A.F. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-3597 Distributed Reforming of Natural Gas and Bio-derived Liquids A 10/31/2005 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 422000 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 252000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Wagner, Albert F. ANL P/ORNL--ERKCC25 A detailed examination of the literature reveals that several key experimental studies can greatly facilitate the utilization of the very powerful technique of stable isotope geochemistry in elucidating the processes controlling fluid/rock interaction and the development of hydrocarbon and geothermal energy resources in the Earth's crust, and sequestration of carbon dioxide introduced into subsurface reservoirs. Current activities in this project include studies of a.) the equilibrium fractionation and exchange rates of oxygen isotopes between water and the iron oxides, magnetite and hematite, at temperatures of 50-800 C; b.)the carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation between water and either Fe-oxides or Fe-carbonates formed from the activity of fermentative or iron-reducing dissimilatory bacteria, and c.)the rates and mechanisms of exchange and the equilibrium fractionations of the stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen among the gases carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, and water in geothermal and sedimentary basin thermal regimes, 100-500 C. 11/13/1995 M&O 03/12/2001 FY2001-0;FY2002-0 Cole, David R, COLEDR@ornl.gov 865-574-5473 Stable Isotope Exchange Reactions B 10/01/1996 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 37831 2000 KC0403020 Geochemistry 45327 1999 KC0403020 Geochemistry 143414 1998 KC0403020 296920 1997 KC0403020 164010 1996 KC0403020 262710 1995 KC0403020 220233 KC SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Horita, Jusuke {nmn} ORNL Cole, David R ORNL Wesolowski, David J ORNL P/ORNL--ERKCC44 09/30/2011 The overall program goal is to gain new molecular level understanding of the key factors that control the structure, dynamics, andthermochemical transformations for oxygen-containing organic molecules at solid metal oxide interfaces over a range of interactionscales from weak hydrogen bonds to strong covalent bonds. As opposed to hydrocarbon chemistry, the fundamental free-radicalreaction pathways associated with the thermochemical transformations of oxygenated organic molecules that are models for structuralmoieties present in biomass are not well understood. This research seeks to provide new understanding in three specific areas,namely (i) the influence of oxygen functional groups on the kinetics and complex reaction pathways involved in the thermochemicaltransformations of lignin model compounds; (ii) the impact of pore confinement in mesoporous metal oxides on organic free-radicaltransformations including the role of pore size, hydrogen bonding of oxygen functional groups, and surface structure and molecularorientation; and (iii) the influence of the structure and dynamics of the interfacial environment on molecular interactions andtransformations. An integrated approach is employed that involves (i) synthesis of target organic molecules, ordered mesoporousmetal oxides, and pore-derivatized hybrid materials; (ii) determination of pyrolysis reaction rates, mechanisms, and productselectivities; (iii) advanced solid-state NMR and quasi-elastic neutron scattering studies of the structure and dynamics of theorganic-inorganic interface; and (iv) theoretical and modeling studies to analyze organic free-radical reaction pathways and toprobe the structure and dynamics of the organic-inorganic interface. The fundamental knowledge gained from these studies willcontribute broadly to many scientific fields such as fuel science, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, chemical sensing andseparations, and the synthesis and design of nanostructured materials. 03/07/2002 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 1219000;FY2010- 1124000;FY2011- 1149000 Buchanan III, A C BUCHANANAC@ORNL.GOV 865-576-2168 Organic Chemical Transformations at Interfaces B 10/01/2008 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1489291 2007 KC0302010 1254823 2006 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1132190 2005 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1135792 2004 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1078537 2003 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1035516 2002 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 1154399 2001 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 270184 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Hagaman, Edward {Ed} W ORNL Buchanan III, A C ORNL P/ANL--002399 The purpose of this project is the development of novel mixed-conductingdense ceramic membranes that can be used to generate hydrogen by waterdissociation at moderate temperatures. These membranes will dissociatevaporized water and remove one or both of the product gases in a nongalvanicmode, i.e., without using any external circuitry or electrical power.Nongalvanic ceramic membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide asimple, cost-effective method for separating gases from mixed streams andthereby improve the economics of converting domestic coal reserves toelectrical power, hydrogen, and liquid fuels. Hydrogen is considered the fuelof choice for both the electric power and transportation industries becauseof concerns over global climate change. The President's Hydrogen FuelInitiative seeks to advance the methods of producing hydrogen from coal,renewable, and sustainable sources. There is particular interest in usingwater as a hydrogen source because it is clean and abundant, and the abilityto efficiently produce hydrogen from water will dramatically improve ournation's energy security. Supercritical boilers offer very high pressure(greater than 3,000 psi) steam, and the membranes developed under thisproject will be able to decompose this steam and provide pure hydrogen.Oxygen resulting from dissociation of steam can be used for coalgasification, enriched combustion, or synthesis gas production. The workinvolves investigations to identify materials with suitable mixed-conductingcharacteristics, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin,dense ceramic membranes from such materials. Membrane performance ingenerating hydrogen will be evaluated. One or more catalysts will bedeveloped to increase the hydrogen production rate. Chemical, mechanical, andthermal stability of the membranes will be studied. Laboratory-scale membranemodules will be assembled, and their performance will be tested underatmospheric-pressure conditions at Argonne and under higher-pressureconditions at DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory. 12/09/2003 M&O 12/14/2006 Schmalzer, D.K. schmalzer@anl.gov 202-488-2185 Hydrogen Production By Water Dissociation Using CeramicMembranes B 10/01/2002 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2006 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 162000 2005 000AA1035 612000 2004 000AA1035 294000 2003 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 41000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Balachandran,U. ANL P/ANL--002656 The objective of this program is to support the DOE Office of the Nuclear Energy in their efforts to develop hydrogen production technologies based on nuclear-generated heat and electricity. The program includes the studying of thermochemical cycles, high-temperature steam electrolysis, the interface between the nuclear power plant and the hydrogen production plant, and the economics of nuclear-produced hydrogen in a larger hydrogen economy. In FY 2006, Argonne is studying hydroger markets, nuclear power s potential role in those markets, and the implications for nuclear hydrogen production technologies. Argonne is studying the dynamic interactions between a hydrogen production facility and a high temperature reactor heat source. Argonne has developed a standardized method for quantifying the thermodynamic efficiency of thermochemical hydrogen production processes and will be working with universities to apply that methodology to alternative thermal-electrochemical cycles. Argonne is studying improved electrolysis methods applicable to the hybrid sulfur cycle. In addition, Argonne is developing the calcium-bromine thermochemical hydrogen production process as a lower- temperature alternative to the sulfur-based cycles. Argonne is contributing to the effort to develop solid-oxide electrolysis cell systems for producing hydrogen through high-temperature steam electrolysis. The work includes system design work to integrate the electrolysis cells with a balance of plant that optimizes the system efficiency. Argonne is developing computational fluid dynamics methods for modeling feed and product streams in the cells to improve their engineering design. Argonne is examining alternative oxygen and hydrogen electrodes for the electrolysis cells to improve their performance and reduce long-term degradation. 12/14/2006 M&O 10/14/2009 Khalil, H.S. hkhalil@anl.gov 630-252-7266 Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative A 10/31/2004 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AF3820100 Thermochemical System 404000 2008 AF3810100 Technical Integration 52000 2008 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 2000 2008 AF3830100 High-Temperature Electrolysis System 342000 2007 AF3830100 High-Temperature Electrolysis System 928000 2007 AF3820100 Thermochemical System 1467000 2007 AF3810100 Technical Integration 114000 2007 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 215000 2006 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 157000 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Khalil, Hussein S. ANL P/FETC-MGN--34149 09/30/1997 Selective synthesis of higher hydrocarbons is carried out by combining selective catalysts based on cation-exchanged zeolites for the non-oxidative conversion of light paraffins with continuous removal of either hydrogen or hydrocarbons using separation devices contained within catalytic reactors. Suchseparations are carried spatially by using inorganic hydrogen transport membranes with paraffin activation on M/H-ZSM5 in one side and H2 oxidation on theopposite side of thin oxide films used as membranes. Separations can also be carried out temporally in cyclic feed reactors using porous inorganic solidsthat absorb hydrogen or hydrocarbon products before undesired combustion reactions. These reactors minimize contact between reaction products and oxygen and prevent the undesired formation of CO2. Our initial experimental data and kinetic-transport simulations confirm that these schemes markedly increase hydrocarbons yields in methane and ethane conversion to olefins and aromatics. The proposed approach combines the synthesis and characterization of novel catalystsbased on isolated exchanged cations held within constrained pore structures that limit chain growth and prevent carbon formation, the design and preparationof thin films of hydrogen conducting perovskite oxides, and the rigorous simulation and experimental evaluation of reaction-separation protocols to increase hydrocarbon yield sin paraffin activation reactions. 12/16/1996 OTHER 11/09/1997 0 Driscoll, Daniel DDRISC@FETC.DOE.GOV (304)285-4717 Catalytic Conversion by Coupling Chemical Reactions and Separations A 10/01/1995 FETC-MGN Federal Energy Technology Center-Morgantown (FETC-MGN), Morgantown, WV www.metc.doe.gov NONE Berkeley 94720 1997 AB0550000 UTILIZATION 113000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/FETC-MGN--DE-FG21-94MC31206 09/30/1997 Experiments will be conducted in an isothermal stirredmicro- batch reactor and in an isothermal continuous differentialreactor to obtain kinetic data on both sulfidation of metal oxidesorbents and regeneration of sulfided sorbents, and experimentaldata on mechanical/thermal stabilities of formulated sorbentssuitable for thedesign of bench-/pilot-scale transport reactors.Sorbents with high reactivity/capacity and thermal/mechanicalstability/durability will be formulated by the physical mixingand the impregnation methods. Experimental procedures will bedeveloped for both sulfidation and regeneration reactions offormulated sorbents at high pressures and temperatures.Analytical procedures will be developed for the analysis ofconcentrations of both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in areaction productgas mixture. Stability of sorbents from cyclicsulfidation/regeneration reactions will be investigated in thereactor. Effects of reaction variables on reaction kinetics willbe investigatedand evaluated for formulated sorbents. Thereaction variables include concentrations of coal gas components,total pressures,reaction temperatures, space velocities of gasesfor continuous differential reactor operation, initial massratios of coal gases to sorbents for batch reactor operations,particle sizes of sorbents, and pore volumes of sorbents.Effects of concentrations of coal gas components such ashydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, andmoisture on bothsulfidation and regeneration reaction kineticswill be evaluated at various reaction temperatures and pressures,using the stirred-batch reactor. Effects of total pressures andreaction temperatures on sulfidation/regeneration reactionkinetics for sorbents will be determined in a stirred batch and acontinuous differential reactor. Using a stirred-batch reactionsystem, roles ofinitial mass ratios of sorbents to sulfidation/regeneration gasmixtures, particle sizes of sorbents, and porevolumes of sorbents will be found. Using a continuousdifferential reaction system, roles of space velocities ofregeneration gasmixtures, particle sizes of sorbents, and porevolumes of sorbents will be delineated. Fresh metal oxidesorbent particles with promising formulas and simulated coalgases containinghydrogen sulfide will be introduced in a batchreactor loaded with the fresh sorbent and the simulated coal gasmixture, submerged in a fluidized sand bath to maintain theheterogeneous reaction system at a desired reaction temperature.Experiments on the regeneration of sulfided sorbents will beconducted in thebatch reactor. Precise laboratory procedureswill be developed for hydrogen sulfide sorbent heterogeneousreactions in a batch reactor at high pressures and temperatures.A new batch reactor will be fabricated with Swagelok fittings,and then the fabricated reactor will be alonized (aluminum oxidetreated) to prevent reacting the 316 SS reactor itself withhydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen peroxide will be used as a source ofoxygen for the regeneration of sulfur-loaded sorbents. 12/16/1996 GRANT 01/29/1997 1997-$170,346 Joines, Susan (304)285-4063 Investigation on Durability and Reactivity ofPromising MetalOxide Sorbents During Sulfidation andRegeneration A 09/27/1994 FETC-MGN Federal Energy Technology Center-Morgantown (FETC-MGN), Morgantown, WV www.metc.doe.gov FG21-94MC31206 Tuskegee Institute 36088 1996 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 10503 1996 AA2025100 17148 1996 AB0550000 UTILIZATION 25000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Kwon, Dr. Kyung C. Tuskegee University P/FETC-PGH--FG22-93PC93213 09/02/1996 The objective of this proposed work is to characterize the concentration, thermal stability, and reactivity of hydrogen adsorbed on carbon during gasification in hydrogen/steam mixtures. Studies will be conducted using both Saran char and coal char in uncatalyzed and K2CO3-catalyzed gasification with D2O/D2 mixtures as gasifying agents. The proposed research focuses on actual measurement of hydrogen adsorbed onto carbon during gasification and this relationship to gasification rate. The potential for reducing hydrogen inhibition in gasification by reaction of adsorbed hydrogen with molecular oxygen will be studied, and the extent of actual rate enhancement achieved by oxidation during steam gasification will be determined. 11/17/1995 GRANT 11/18/1995 GEISBRECHT,RODNEY 304 291 4658 RATE INHIBITION OF STEAM GASIFICATION BY ABSORBED HYDROGEN B 09/03/1993 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov FG22-93PC93213 East Lansing 48824 1995 AA1525050 51208 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/GO--FC36-99GO10449 03/31/2003 This project will demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of using a dual bed photosystem under solar radiation to photocatalytically decompose water into it's constituent elements, namely Hydrogen and Oxygen. The UCF scope of work for this Phase 2 effort will include lab-scale development of photocatalyst materials, testing of compelted photocatalytic modules, testing of the final photosystem modules under solar radiation, and dissemination of project results to the International Energy Agency. Objectives include increasing the quantum efficiency of the photocatalyst systems being studied and construction and testing of complete photosystem modules under solar radiation. 09/10/2001 COOP 02/23/2005 HOOKER, DOUG Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Using a Dual Bed Photosystem 08/01/1999 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-99GO10449 ORLANDO 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 150000 CFLU University of Central Florida EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Linkous, Clovis UNKNOWN calink@fsec.ucf.edu P/INEEL--100637 09/30/2005 There is a large and growing demand for hydrogen in the United States and the rest of the world. A promising source of hydrogen is the use of process heat from a high temperature nuclear reactor to drive a set of chemical reactions that produce hydrogen. Preliminary evaluations have shown the sulfur iodine process can produce hydrogen with high efficiency when driven by the 850 to 950 degree Centigrade process heat from a Modular Helium Reactor. The sulfur-iodine process produces highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, by formation, decomposition, regeneration, and recycle of the reagents sulfuric acid and hydriodic acid.Preliminary economic assessments have shown that a Modular Helium Reactor driven sulfur-iodine plant can produce hydrogen economically, especially if the cost of natural gas increases because of increased demand. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is supporting General Atomics in San Diego to first define the plant functions and requirements, and then develop a conceptual design for a hydrogen production plant that integrates a Modular Helium Reactor sytem with a sulfur-iodine-cycle hydrogen production plant.Roll into Oracle Project 200076. 01/11/2005 M&O 01/12/2005 Harvego, Edwin A. hae@inel.gov 208-524-9544 Hydrogen Production Plant Using the Modular Helium Reactor D 09/02/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3885 2004 AF3510000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) 139265 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Harvego, Edwin A. INEEL P/INEEL--200076 09/30/2005 There is a large and growing demand for hydrogen in the United States and the rest of the world. A promising source of hydrogen is the use of process heat from a high temperature nuclear reactor to drive a set of chemical reactions that produce hydrogen. Preliminary evaluations have shown the sulfur iodine process can produce hydrogen with high efficiency when driven by the 850 to 950 degree Centigrade process heat from a Modular Helium Reactor. The sulfur-iodine process produces highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, by formation, decomposition, regeneration, and recycle of the reagents sulfuric acid and hydriodic acid.Preliminary economic assessments have shown that a Modular Helium Reactor driven sulfur-iodine plant can produce hydrogen economically, especially if the cost of natural gas increases because of increased demand. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is supporting General Atomics in San Diego to first define the plant functions and requirements, and then develop a conceptual design for a hydrogen production plant that integrates a Modular Helium Reactor sytem with a sulfur-iodine-cycle hydrogen production plant. 12/11/2003 M&O 01/12/2005 Harvego, Edwin A. hae@inel.gov 208-526-9544 Hydrogen Production Plant Using the Modular Helium Reactor D 09/02/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3885 2004 820101000 Transfers To Others 18753 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 ME USDOE Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation (ME) Peddicord, Kenneth Lee Texas A&M University Harvego, Edwin A. INEEL Shenoy, Arkal S. General Atomics P/INEEL--DPR00MW14 09/30/2003 The Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) was developed for the Department of Energy (DOE) primarily for shipment of contact-handled transuranic waste (CH-TRU) from DOE generator/storage sites to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. The TRUPACT-II was designed in accordance with the requirements for Type B packaging found in Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations Part 71. A Certificate of Compliance (CofC) for the TRUPACT-II was granted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 1989. The CofC specifies limits on the authorized payload in a TRUPACT-II to ensure safety during transport. These limits are based on the results of testing and analyses, which were documented in the TRUPACT-II Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) and submitted by the DOE to the NRC. The NRC has imposed a flammable (i.e., hydrogen) gas concentration limit on CH-TRU waste transported using the TRUPACT-II to minimize the potential for loss of containment during transport. This limit is set at the lower explosive limit of 5% by volume of hydrogen in air. Accident scenarios and the resulting safety analysis, developed as part of the TRUPACT-II SARP, require that this limit be complied with for a period of 60 days. The NRC limit of 5% hydrogen by volume applies to the innermost layer of confinement within a drum or standard waste box. Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation is the result of alpha radiolysis of hydrogenous waste and packaging materials coupled with waste packaging configurations. The combination of high activity wastes with multiple layers of packaging results in significant quantities of wastes that do not meet transportation requirements for hydrogen gas concentration. Payload expansion, to support the shipment of high activity wastes, drives the use of hydrogen gas getters in the TRUPACT-II. Hydrogen gas getters are solid materials that remove hydrogen from the gas phase. Mroz, et al. at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are currently evaluating the chemical 1,4-bis phenylethynyl) benzene (DEB) manufactured by Allied Signal, Kansas City, MO. DEB has been used both by DOE and the Department of Defense for a hydrogen getter in nuclear weapons for the past several years, and meets the Department of Transportation and NRC requirements for shipment on public highways (See Section 11.0, Technical Requirements). The material has been blended with silicone and natural rubbers to form seals and linings for weapons, therefore it seems to be a logical candidate for being encapsulated into other polymers. LANL*s preliminary results show good hydrogen capacities, acceptable sorption rates, and good physical property integrity. They also have found that exposure of the material to the atmosphere of the waste drum containing oxygen, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Hydrogen Sulfide(H2S) results in a deterioration of the materials sorption properties, rates, etc. The evidence from this work suggests that the material is poisoned by one or several mechanisms. The DEB requires a hydrogenation catalyst (5% palladium on carbon). This catalyst is easily poisoned by a variety of methods including exposure to the acid gases (forming for example, carbonyl complexes with CO, sulfides with H2S -the natural ore that is mined), or water (physically covering the metallic surfaces), and the halogenated species (forming, halogenated complexes on the palladium). The problem addressed by this project is to develop a method that will protect the DEB and the palladium on carbon from the above contaminants. The crux of the problem is to selectively allow hydrogen passage into the system while minimizing/excluding the other components of the mixture. The proposed micro-encapsulation provides a very high sorbent surface area that assures rapid hydrogen removal from the TRUPACT-II containers, while meeting the objective of protecting the DEB and its hydrogenation catalyst from poisons. 03/12/2001 M&O Future work (Phase 2) will include testing encapsulation materials in a mixed gas system. This testing will be conducted on PVC and polystyrene if these materials test well at Los Alamos National Laboratory. If not, other polymers with good hydrogen permeabilities will be formulated and tested. 01/08/2003 Peterson, Eric S. esp@inel.gov 208-526-1521 Mixed Waste Focus Area Demo of Potential Getters A 12/01/1999 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 83415-2208 2002 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 306953.1 2001 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 197560.12 2000 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 145717 EM50 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) Benson, Michael T. INEEL Stone, Mark L. INEEL Peterson, Eric Spencer INEEL P/LLNL--EEW--0007 LLNL is working in several hydrogen research areas including production,storage, distribution, and utilization technologies in an effort to bring renewable energy to the marketplace.The proposed continuing pro- jects include Hydrogen production from waste feedstock,glass microspherestorage,kinetic modeling of H2 applications,and development of regenera-tive fuel cell systems based on hydrogen/oxygen & hydrogen/halogen chem- istries.New project proposals include development of a renewable power system for an isolated Arctic community,develop an insulated pressure vessel for hydrogen storage on vehicles,develop a process to produce H2 via a high efficiency steam electrolyzer,& produce aerogels to store H2. 11/08/1995 M&O 11/18/1997 FY1998-4786000;FY1999-6279000 SCHOCK,R.N. 510-422-6199 HYDROGEN PROGRAM 10/01/1993 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA www.llnl.gov W-7405-ENG-48 Livermore 94550-9900 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 1100000 1996 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 19000 1995 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 1415000 1995 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 0 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Smith,J. Ray LLNL Westbrook,Charles K LLNL Wallman,Henrik LLNL P/LLNL--EEW0129 12/31/2007 The overall objective of this project is to develop sensors for hydrogen, both for safety and for fuel monitoring in a fuel cell vehicle. LLNL will design develop, and demonstrate solid state electrochemical sensors for the various applications on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) vehicles. Although a number of hydrogen sensors are currently available, or in development, they generally suffer from a lack of long term stability and cross-sensitivity issues. We will develop a hydrogen sensor using as a foundation the well-known zirconia-based electrochemical oxygen sensor. The sensing approach will be based on the differrence in oxidation rate of hydrogen on different electrode materials. 02/03/2006 M&O 10/14/2009 DOESBURG, JOHN C 925-424-2710 Electrochemical Sensor for Fuel Cells D 01/01/2001 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA www.llnl.gov W-7405-ENG-48 Livermore 94550-9900 2008 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 9000 2007 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 46000 2006 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 11000 2005 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 361000 2004 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 142000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) GLASS, ROBERT S;ATKINS-DUFFIN, CYNTHIA E LLNL P/LLNL--EEW0160 09/30/2006 The overall objective of this project is to develop sensors for hydrogen, both for safety and for fuel monitoring in a fuel cell vehicle. LLNL will design develop, and demonstrate solid state electrochemical sensors for the various applications on PEMFC vehicles. Although a number of hydrogen sensors are currently available, or in development, they generally suffer from a lack of long term stability and cross-sensitivity issues. We will develop a hydrogen sensor using as a foundation the well-known zirconia-based electrochemical oxygen sensor. The sensing approach will be based on the differen 12/21/2006 M&O 12/21/2006 LONG, JANE C S 925-422-0315 Electrochemical Sensors and Fuel Cells D 10/01/2005 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA www.llnl.gov W-7405-ENG-48 Livermore 94550-9900 2006 HI0000000 Fuel Cell Technologies 114000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) GLASS, ROBERT S;ROTMAN, DOUGLAS A LLNL P/OAK--FG03-99SF21888 09/30/2002 Hydrogen is an environmentally attractive transportation fuel which has the potential to displace fossil fuels. If the hydrogen is produced using energy derived from fossil fuels, there is little or no environmental damage. The objective of this work is to define an economically feasible concept for the production of hydrogen, by nuclear means, using an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor as the energy source. Hydrogen production by thermochemical watersplitting, a chemical process which accomplished the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen using only heat or a combination of heat and electrolysis instead of pure electrolysis, meets these goals. Thermochemical watersplitting cycles (hundreds) have been known for the past 35 years but substantially neglected in the U.S. for the past 10 years. Cycles with proven low cost and high efficiency have yet to be developed. All the cycles available will be screened using objective criteria and analyzed considering the latest improvement in materials of construction and membrance separation technologies. One cycle will be selected for integration into the advanced nuclear reactor system. The required flowsheets will be developed and preliminary engineering estimates of size and cost will be made. 02/16/2000 GRANT 12/05/2008 KATZ ARTHUR HIGH EFFICIENCY GENERATION OF HYDROGEN FUELS USING NUCLEAR POWER GENERAL ATOMICS PROPSAN DNO. 99-0238 07/16/1999 OAK Oakland Operations Office null FG03-99SF21888 SAN DIEGO 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2002 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 131039.01 2001 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 301949.99 2000 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 182189.08 1999 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 218627 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) NONE GENERAL ATOMICS P/ORNL--CEAR002 The objective is the production of renewable hydrogen. Specially adapted algae are used to perform the light-activated cleavage of water into its elemental constituents, molecular hydrogen and oxygen 11/13/1995 M&O 04/18/1997 Greenbaum, E. . 423-574-6835 Hydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Water Splitting A ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831 1996 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 198672 1995 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 377498 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/ORNL--ERKCT04 09/30/2006 The overarching goal of this project is to understand the interactions of photoactive biomolecules with photons and the energy-transducing reactions that occur following photon absorption. This research is important to DOE–s mission because photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical and electrical energy. For example, photosynthesis can be used to drive the sustained simultaneous photoevolution of hydrogen and oxygen throughout the entire visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and is therefore of general interest to the science of renewable hydrogen production. One example of such a system is the deposition of metallic nanoclusters on photosynthetic membranes and reaction centers. In order to achieve the goals of this project, we plan to address important scientific issues such as the following: (a) What is the nature of mono and bi-metallic catalyst deposition at the reducing site of Photosystem I reaction centers? (b) How does chemical cross-linking of redox-active proteins affect the kinetics of electron transfer? (c) What is the nature of the dipole and other electrostatic forces on molecules on surfaces and at interfaces? (d) What are the properties of nanocatalyst deposition on biopolymer scaffolds such as bacterial cellulose? In order to achieve these and other goals, we have selected specific molecules, such as photosynthetic reaction centers, whose properties are well-known and can be used to probe the surfaces and interfaces of interest. We have organized a work plan that consists of four main tasks: (1) Biomimetic Photosynthesis, Photocatalysis, and Dynamic Studies; (2) Chemical Cross-Linking and Intermolecular Electron Transfer Reactions; (3) Molecular Studies on Atomically Flat Surfaces; and (4) Fundamental Studies on Metal Catalysts Nanopatterned by Bacterial Cellulose Templates. 11/13/1995 M&O 12/06/2006 FY2007-0;FY2008-0 Greenbaum, Elias, GREENBAUM@ornl.gov 865-574-6835 Bioelectrochemistry on Surfaces, at Interfaces and in Solution B 10/01/1994 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2006 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 322638 2005 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 606457 2004 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 752732 2004 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 6501 2003 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 724046 2002 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 603068 2002 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 39355 2001 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 383831 2001 KC0302040 Chemical Engineering Sciences 10372 2000 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 594786 1999 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 403561 1998 KC0302010 532121 1997 KC0302010 537367 1996 KC0302010 515778 1995 KC0302010 541563 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) O'Neill, Hugh Michael ORNL Evans, Barbara R ORNL Greenbaum, Elias ORNL P/ORNL--FEAA329 09/30/2000 The objective of this mission-oriented research program is the production of renewable hydrogen. This program will build upon promising results that have been obtained in the Chemical Technology Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory on the utilization of intact microalgae for photosynthetic water splitting. In this process, specially adapted algae are used to perform the light-activated cleavage of water into its elemental constituents, molecular hydrogen and oxygen. 11/13/1995 M&O 03/12/2001 FY2001-0;FY2002-0 Judkins, Roddie Reag, JUDKINSRR@ornl.gov 865-574-4572 Renewable Hydrogen Production for Fossil Fuel Processing B 06/01/1994 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 37831 2000 AA2025200 Environmental Technology 2109 1999 AA1020000 Advanced Research And Environmental Tech -4 1999 AA2025100 Advanced Research -629 1999 AA2025200 Environmental Technology 84320 1998 AA2025200 65083 1998 AA2025100 1019 1998 AA1020000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 314 1997 AA2025100 22931 1997 AA1020000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 189 1996 AA1020000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 16490 1995 AA1020000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 138803 1995 AA2025000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 7144 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) AA Greenbaum, Elias ORNL P/SRTC--9508D10306 These materials R&D activities support the SRS Tritium Mission and the Stockpile Management Program to maintain a viable technology base responsive to weapon component production requirements. Solid-state welding is being developed as an improved method for fabrication of reservoirs. The technical basis for the application is being established and tritium storage tests are in progress. An automatic inspection system for reservoir fill stems is being assembled to eliminate human judgment and provide an inspection technique accepted across the DOE Complex. Methods and facilities are being developed for performing metallographic examination in an inert atmosphere to examine components sensitive to oxygen. Laser and upset cap welding capabilities are being demonstrated to reclaim Terrazzos. The mechanical behavior of the Hydride Storage Vessel is being examined during loading with hydrogen isotopes and changes from tritium decay are being monitored. Fundamental research is being conducted on the effects of hydrogen isotopes in materials to better understand the role of these species, including helium from tritium decay, on deformation and fracture processes. All of these studies provide the data required to evaluate the safety margins of tritium packaging technology. 06/14/1996 M&O Capeletti, T. L. 803-725-3576 Materials Technology for Weapons Stockpile D SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-89SR18035 Aiken 29801 1995 GB0300000 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 1235000 DP DP-20(USDOE Office of Defense Programs (DP)) P/SRTC--9908104002 09/30/1999 Shipment of Sand, Slag, and Crucible (SS&C) from Rocky Flats was planned using the 9975 shipping container. In order to certify this container for shipping SS&C, gas gereration rates from radiolysis of moisture present had to be determined. The research showed that while some hydrogen was generated, oxygen was depleted and the material could be shipped without fear of explosive gas mixtures. 02/04/2000 M&O 02/10/2000 Murray, Alice 803 725-0440 Hydrogen Generation from SS&C Residues 10/01/1998 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 298080001 1999 EW0400000 Site/Project Completion 100 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) P/AMES--95460008 12/31/1999 The goal of this research program is to improve the yield and quality of coal gas for application with carbonate fuel cells. High potassium ash derived by co-gasifying biomass and coal will be investigated as an inexpensive gasification catalyst. Molten carbonate fuel cells internally reform methane (CH4) to hydrogen H2 and carbon monoxide (CO) that the cells consume electrochemically. Energy conversion efficiencies can exceed 50% with methane fuel. These fuel cells can also use coal gas produced from coal gasification as a fuel source. Successful integration of coal gasifier and carbonate fuel cell will depend on maximizing the yield of methane from the coal gas. Methane is favored thermodynamically when gasifying at high pressures, low temperatures, and low oxygen concentrations. Catalysts become important in maintaining gasification rates as reaction temperature decreases. Alkali metal compounds, especially those containing potassium, are excellent promoters of gasification reactions. Fast-growing biomass, which contains larger quantities of potassium, may prove to be an excellent source of inexpensive gasification catalyst. However, the feasibility of co-gasifying bituminous coal and biomass to exloit the catalytic properties of the potassium in the biomass has never been evaluated. The research will combine tests in a thermogravimetric analyzer and bench-scale, pressurized gasifier. 11/30/1997 M&O Edelson, Martin C. edelson@ameslab 515-294-4987 High Efficiency-Integrated Gasified Combined Cycle (Integrated Gasification/Fuel Cell Power System) A 10/01/1995 AMES Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA www.ameslab.gov W-7405-ENG-82 Ames 50011 1997 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 110000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Brown, Robert C. Ames P/ANL--002402 The goal of this program is to develop a portable, self-contained, and highlyefficient decontamination technology which can be readily transported to anysite, be effective against both chemical and biological agents, and be; usedon both sensitive equipment, as well as any other non-sensitivecontaminatedsurface. The project will explore two approaches to generate and deliverhighly reactive hydroxyl radicals that are the primary decontamination agentin this technology. The first approach that will be explored involves the UVphotolysis of ozone to generate singlet atomic oxygen species, which will inturn react with ambient water vapor to generate the hydroxyl radicals. Thesecond approach will focus on the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide. Becauseboth approaches are based on the oxidative capability of the hydroxylradical, both processes should be equally applicable toward thedecontamination of sensitive equipment and have the added advantage of beingcapable of decontaminating other surfaces with no caustic, toxic, orhazardous waste products being generated. Two bench-scale test systems willbe developed and tested first with surrogates and then with actual chemicaland biological agents. 12/09/2003 M&O 02/14/2006 Daniels, E.J. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5279 Development of a Dual-Phase Decontamination Technology forSensitive Equipment and Other Applications D 10/01/2002 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2005 000NN2004 4000 2004 000NN2004 261000 2003 NN2004000 Chemical and Biological National Security 215000 NA National Nuclear Security Administration (NA) O Neill, H.J. ANL P/CH--FG02-01ER83350 05/26/2002 10/09/2001 GRANT 02/23/2005 CHARLES RUSSOMANNO ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR PROPYLENEOXIDE PRODUCTION DIRECTLY FROM HYDROGEN OXYGEN AND PROPYLENE BY USING A DUAL- FUNCTION NANOPARTICLE CATALYST 09/28/2001 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-01ER83350 LAWRENCEVILLE 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) BING SHOU HYDROCARBON TECHNOLOGIES INC P/CH--FG02-05ER46260 09/14/2010 09/16/2005 GRANT 09/24/2009 KELLEY, RICHARD CATHODE CATALYSIS IN HYDROGEN/OXYGEN FUEL CELLS 09/15/2005 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-05ER46260 CHAMPAIGN 2008 KC0203010 Materials Chemistry 21685.9 2007 KC0203010 Materials Chemistry 250000 2006 KC0203010 Materials Chemistry 579167 2005 KC0203010 Materials Chemistry 20833 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) GEWIRTH, ANDREW UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS P/FETC--DE-FG21-94MC31206 06/30/1998 The main objectives of this proposal are to investigate removal kinetics of sulfur compounds in coal gases athigh temperatures and high pressures using promising solid metal oxide sorbents to study regeneration kinetics of sulfided sorbents, to investigate regeneration conditions favorable to sulfate formation during the regeneration process of sulfur-loaded sorbents and to minimize spalling of sorbents during regeneration processes. Fresh metal oxide sorbent particles with promising formulas and simulated coal gases containing hydrogen sulfide will be tested in a batch reactor. Conversions of sorbents are analyzed with an electronic balance and a gas chromatograph. Regeneration experiments will be conducted in a batch reactor. Effects of regeneration temperatures, pressures, and concentrations of gases such as oxygen, moisture, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide on regeneration rate will be investigated. Research efforts should contribute significantly to removing sulfur compounds from coal gases, and to advancingfurther desulfurization processes for coal gases. 12/16/1998 GRANT 12/31/1998 0 Perry, Mildred B. perry@fetc.doe.gov (412) 892-6015 Investigation on Durability and Reactivity of Promising Metal Oxide Sorbents During Sulfidation 10/01/1994 FETC Fossil Energy Technology Center null NONE Tuskegee Institute 36088 1998 AB0550000 UTILIZATION 43551 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/FETC-MGN--31206 09/30/1996 The objectives are to find intrinsic initial reaction kinetics for the metal oxide-hydrogen sulfide heterogeneous reaction system, to obtain effects of concentrations of coal gas components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and moisture on equilibrium reaction rate constants of the reaction system at various reaction temperatures and pressures (including high temperatures and pressures), to identify regeneration kinetics of sulfur-loaded metal oxide sorbents, and to formulate promising durable metal-oxide sorbents, with high-sulfur-absorbing capacity, for the removal of sulfur compounds from coal gas mixtures. The sorbents will be formulated by a physical mixing or an impregnation method. 10/24/1995 GRANT 10/25/1995 Joines, Susan SJOINE@METC.DOE.GOV (304)285-4063 Investigation on Durability and Reactivity of Promising Metal Oxide Sorbents During Sulfidation and Regeneration A 10/01/1994 FETC-MGN Federal Energy Technology Center-Morgantown (FETC-MGN), Morgantown, WV www.metc.doe.gov NONE Tuskegee Institute 36088 1995 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 22592 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Kwon, Dr. Kyung C. Tuskegee University School of Engineering & Architecture P/FETC-PGH--DE-FG22-94PC94222 08/31/1997 Conducting polymer composite membranes will be prepared and tested for a variety of gas separation applications that are important to coal and energy technology industries, such as, nitrogen/oxygen, hydrogen sulfide/synthesis gas, and propane/propylene, and for stabilizing redox active carriers.. Model systems will establish electro-assisted hybrid membranes as viable systems for gas separations and pervoration. Incorporation of metal into composites will enhance facilitated transport. 12/16/1996 GRANT 11/09/1997 0 Bose, Arun bose@petc.doe.gov (412) 892-4467 Tunable Composite Membranes for Gas Separations B 09/01/1994 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov NONE 1997 AA1525050 75409 1996 AA1525050 75409 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/GO--FG36-05GO15037 05/31/2009 07/25/2005 GRANT 03/06/2009 ADAMS, JESSE MODULAR SYSTEM FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION & OXYGEN RECOVERY 07/21/2005 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FG36-05GO15037 MENLO PARK 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 16685.6 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 8297.11 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 180009 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) BALACHOV, IOURI SRI INTERNATIONAL P/LANL--D958 03/06/1997 LANL Synthesis and Industrial Applications of Conducting Polymers LAUR-97-4599 Some specific industrial processes targeted by us in this project can benefit from technologies based on conducting polymer materials to achieve highly significant energy savings in the chemical industry. The chlor-alkali industry is a very significant consumer of electric energy, consuming about 2% (!) of total electric power generated in the US. Consequently, reduction in electric energy consumption per unlit weight of chlorine product has been a target for a number of years. Replacement of a hydrogen evolving cathode by an oxygen consuming cathode in the electrochemical reactor (ECR) employed by the industry is expected to save about 0.9V out of a total chlor-alkali ECR voltage of 3.2V-3.3V. Minimizing ohmic losses in the electrolyte phase could enable additional significant reduction in cell voltage. In a new demonstration at LANL (May, 1996), membrane/electrode assembly technology, developed originally for fuel cell applications, was used to build a small chlor-alkali ECR employing an oxygen electrode of a type developed previously at LANL. The performance of this small model chlor-alkali ECR has been exceptional in dropping the cell voltage down to 1.7V, thanks to a highly active oxygen cathode and an ultra-thin interelectrode gap. The project proposed here aims at a thorough examination of this technological advancement as basis for a new generation of ECRs for the chlor-alkali industry with a potential for both high energy savings and lowered capital cost. 87545 Shimshon Gottesfeld 87545 04/11/1997 M&O 01/06/1998 JOYCE EDWARD L JR joyce@lanl.gov 505-665-6799 CONDUCTING POLYMERS 01/28/1993 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM www.lanl.gov W-7405-ENG-36 Los Alamos 87545-0000 1997 ED1806000 83853 1996 ED2204000 110845 1995 ED2204000 337886 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) GOTTESFELD S LANL P/LANL--MK75 09/30/1997 LA-UR 97-4126: Matrix Depletion Program Support - Experiments are currently underway at Los Alamos to establish the matrix depletion effect from alpha radiolysis on simulated waste materials under a variety of environmental conditions. Results to date suggest that substantial depletion may have occurred within the first ~40 days of the experiment. However the temporal resolution of the measurements specified in the test plan (bi-weekly) was too infrequent to adequately document this phenomenon. In this task we will remove selected test containers (TC) and reload with Pu and surrogate waste materials. Process control software will be modified to accomodate a higher frequency of analysis. Analysis of the headspace gases of the reloaded TCs for hydrogen and oxygen will be conducted on an approximately daily basis for up to about 90 days. 01/06/1998 M&O ERDAL BRUCE ROBERT erdal@lanl.gov 505-667-5338 MATRIX DEPLETION EFFECTS IN SIMULATED CH A 06/23/1997 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM www.lanl.gov W-7405-ENG-36 Los Alamos 87545-0000 1997 EW4010000 139603 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) MROZ EUGENE J LANL P/LBNL--G405 09/30/2005 The primary goal of the first year's work will be to develop a database of isotopic measurements of groundwater, perched water and vadose zone porewater at the ICPP site to use for tracking infiltration of different waste streams through the vadose zone. This work will build on EMSP research done at the INEEL (Project 55351 - Evaluation of Isotopic Diagnostics for Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring: Field Experiments at the TAN and RWMC (SDA) Sites, INEL). That work defined distinct isotopic signatures (stable hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and stronium isotope ratios) for different groundwater components at the INEEL, including regional flow through the Snake River Aquifer and Big Lost River Water. The groundwater beneath the ICPP for various processes performed at the site. 03/06/2002 M&O 12/20/2002 Miller,Grace A 510-486-6726 Natural Isotopic Tracers of Radionuclide Transport B 11/01/2001 LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA www.lbl.gov AC03-76SF00098 94720-8099 2002 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 172924 2001 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 136959 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) Conrad,Mark S LBNL P/LBNL--G4W066 09/30/2005 Funding is requested to examine the sources and transport of contaminants in the vadose zone and groundwater at the Hanford site in south-central Washington. Samples of core material (pore water, carbonates, etc.) and groundwater from several specific sites (T-106 tank area, the 100-N reactor area, and the 300 Area near the city of Richland) will be analyzed. Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, uranium, strontium isotope measurements will be measured. The results will be the foundation for models of fluid and contaminant transport through the vadose zone and will be the basis for publications in peer-reviewed journals. 02/02/2006 M&O 02/02/2006 Miller,Grace A 510-486-6726 Vadose Core Isotopic Signatures B 05/12/2005 LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA www.lbl.gov AC03-76SF00098 Berkeley 94720 2005 NONEOTHER 0 2005 YN1901000 Cost Of Work Performed 74875 2005 NONEOTHER 0 2005 NONEOTHER 0 ME USDOE Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation (ME) DePaolo,Donald J LBNL P/LLNL--EEW0093 09/30/2002 The objective of this work is to develop novel solid-state electrochemical sensors for hydrocarbons (HCs) for automobile emissions monitoring. The original LLNL HC sensor uses a proton-conducting elec trolyte associated with a catalyst that decomposes HCs to generate excess hydrogen on one side of the sensor. The other side of the electrolyte membrane serves as reference. The sensor has been shown to be highly selective to HCs. However, several problems need to be solved before commercialization can be considered. Specifically, the sensor signal was strongly dependent on the oxygen concentrati 03/07/2002 M&O 01/14/2003 CHOU, CHENG-KONG 925-422-4950 Exhaust Gas Sensors 10/01/2096 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA www.llnl.gov W-7405-ENG-48 94550-9900 2002 EE0503000 Advanced Combustion Engine R&D 76000 2001 EE0503000 Advanced Combustion Engine R&D 361000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) PHAM, AI Q LLNL ATKINS-DUFFIN, CYNTHIA E LLNL GLASS, ROBERT S LLNL P/NETL--DE-FC26-01BC15315 08/31/2004 Develop technology to increase the viscosity of the dense, high-pressure CO2 used in carbon dioxide flooding to overcome its tendency to flow preferentially through permeable zones, bypassing significant volumes of oil. Previously, a fluorinated carbon dioxide thickener was designed, synthesized and evaluated, but its expense and environmental persistence made it unattractive for field use. In this study, carbon dioxide thickeners composed of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen will be investigated in an attempt to formulate a safe, inexpensive and environmentally benign carbon dioxide thickener. 05/07/2002 CONTRACT 05/07/2002 652000 Ferguson , Daniel J. dan.ferguson@npto.doe.gov 918/ 699-2047 Inexpensive CO2-Thickening Agents for Improved Mobility Control of CO2 Floods 09/01/2001 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null 15260 2001 AC1005000 Exploration And Production 325000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Ferguson , Daniel J. University of Pittsburgh P/NETL--DE-FG22-94PC94222 02/28/1999 Conducting polymer composite membranes will be prepared and tested for a variety of gas separation applications that are important to coal and energy technology industries, such as, nitrogen/oxygen, hydrogen sulfide/synthesis gas, and propane/propylene, and for stabilizing redox active carriers. Model systems will establish electro-assisted hybrid membranes as viable systems for gas separations and pervoration. Incorporation of metal into composites will enhance facilitated transport. 12/16/1998 GRANT 02/15/2000 0 Bose, Arun C. bose@fetc.doe.gov (412) 386-4467 Tunable Composite Membranes for Gas Separations 05/18/1994 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null NONE 78713-7726 1999 AA1525050 University Coal Research 0 1998 AA1525050 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Bose, Arun C. University of Texas at Austin P/NPTO--DE-FC26-01BC15315 08/31/2004 Develop technology to increase the viscosity of the dense, high-pressure CO2 used in carbon dioxide flooding to overcome its tendency to flow preferentially through permeable zones, bypassing significant volumes of oil. Previously, a fluorinated carbon dioxide thickener was designed, synthesized and evaluated, but its expense and environmental persistence made it unattractive for field use. In this study, carbon dioxide thickeners composed of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen will be investigated in an attempt to formulate a safe, inexpensive and environmentally benign carbon dioxide thickener. 03/13/2001 CONTRACT 05/10/2002 652000 Ferguson , Daniel J. dan.ferguson@npto.doe.gov 918/ 699-2047 Inexpensive CO2-Thickening Agents for Improved Mobility Control of CO2 Floods 09/01/2001 NPTO National Petroleum Technology Office (NPTO), Tulsa, OK www.bpo.gov NONE 15260 2001 AC1005000 Exploration And Production 325000 2000 AC1005000 Exploration And Production 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Ferguson , Daniel J. University of Pittsburgh P/OAK--FG03-93ER81640 07/17/1997 The potential advantages of membrane processes for separations are well known. However, current membrane systems have captured only a small fraction of the potential market, primarily because they are made from polymers that are not durable enough for many applications, and they do not have sufficient selectivity for clean separations. Plasma-polymer membranes offer a solution to both problems. These membranes exhibit extraordinarily high selectivity, and they are so highly crosslinked that they are both chemically and thermally stable. The goal of Phase I is to develop a composite membrane consisting of a microporous support on which a thin, highly selective layer is deposited--all from plasma polymers. Such a membrane would overcome current selectivity and durability shortcomings of other membranes. Additionally, the process for making such membranes will prepare the way for making membranes directly from any of a wide range of organic or inorganic monomers and mixtures thereof, thereby extending the useful range of separation properties and overcoming the ever-increasing costs and the limitations on membrane-separation properties associated with using specialty polymers for membrane materials. Anticipated Results/Potential Commercial Applications as described by the awardee: Development of these membranes would result in a new generation of membrane-based separation processes for applications such as hydrogen recovery in refineries, production of oxygen and nitrogen from air, purification of natural gas, and, perhaps most important, clean-up and recycle in the chemical process industry. 09/18/1993 GRANT 03/23/1998 AARON JOSEPH 510-486-6417 COMPOSITE PLASMA-POLYMER MEMBRANES B 09/08/1993 OAK Oakland Operations Office null FG03-93ER81640 64550 Research Road Bend 97701-0000 1997 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 350233 1996 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 350233 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) NONE BEND RESEARCH INC P/OAK--FG03-94ER81726 03/10/1995 This Phase I research will determine the feasibility of correlating O, N, and H concentrations in vanadium alloy welds with weld strength. Welds in V(Cr,Ti) alloys will be evaluated and gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds will be prepared in different O, N, and H gas environments in order to produce a large sampling of possible weld chemistries. Hardness and tensile elongation tests will be performed on sets of welds produced under approximately 10 weld conditions. Chemical analysis of these different welds will be performed using state-of-the-art materials analysis techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscopy--energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM--EDS). Techniques such as pattern recognition and neural networks will also be applied to this data to produce correlation between more complex sets of variables. Ion implant standards of {sup 18}O, {sup 15}N and {sup 2}H will be prepared in order to assess the quantitative capabilities of SIMS in analysis of this metal alloy system. All of this research will lead to a better definition of the chemistry of V(CR,Ti) welds and the importance of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen to weld strength. Phase I results will determine the approximate levels of O, N, and H introduced for a range of weld conditions and this data will set the necessary detection sensitivity for innovative, nondestructive weld integrity monitors. 08/23/1994 GRANT 10/11/1995 Wiffen, F.W. 301-903-4963 A Feasibility Study to Correlate Vanadium (Chromium, Titanium) Alloy Weld Strength with Weld Chemistry 08/15/1994 OAK Oakland Operations Office null FG03-94ER81726 301 Chesapeake Drive Redwood City 94063 1995 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 125000 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Hitzman, C.J. Charles Evans & Associates P/OR--FG05-86ER13544 05/31/1996 The goal of this program is to study the vibrational and electronic spectra and excited state dynamics of a number of transient sulfur and oxygen species. We have obtained high-resolution of FT-IR spectra of formyl chloride (HCOCl and DCOCl) and rotationally analyzed several bands to provide a detailed description of the ground state rovibrational energy levels. Interactions between vibrational levels leading to perturbations in the spectra have allowed us to obtain substantial information about a number of dark states. We have also recorded infrared spectra of sulfine (H{sub 2}CSO), reassigned the low resolution spectrum, and rotationally analyzed the {nu}{sub 8} band. In a study of the reactions of molecular fluorine with hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide, we have detected the FS{sub 2} free radical for the first time. A vibrational and rotational analysis of the spectrum, in conjunction with high quality ab initio calculations, proves that the spectrum is the {tilde A}{sup 2}A{prime} - {tilde X}{sup 2}A{double_prime} band system of FS{sub 2} with the following structural parameters: r(S-F){equals}1.651 {angstrom}, r(S-S){equals}1.865 {angstrom}, and {theta}(FSS){equals}109.1{degree} in the ground state and r(S-F){equals}1.642 {angstrom}, r(S-S){equals}2.09 {angstrom} and {theta}(FSS){equals}97.1{degree} in the excited state. We have also obtained sub-Doppler spectra of the S{sub 1} - S{sub 0} systems of thioformaldehyde, shown that there are extensive interactions with the ground and excited triplet state energy levels, and concluded that there is substantial rotation-induced vibrational mixing in the ground state. 07/14/1986 GRANT 03/07/1997 Kirchhoff, W.H. Laser Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Transient Species B 06/01/1986 OR Oak Ridge Operations Office FG05-86ER13544 Department of Chemistry;Rose Street Lexington 40506 1996 KC0300000 CHEMICAL SCIENCES 24016 1995 KC0301020 48000 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Clouthier, D.J. University of Kentucky P/OR--FG05-88ER13829 12/31/1995 The objective of this research is to understand the role of surface-generated gas-phase radicals in the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, with emphasis on the conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels. Matrix isolation electron spin resonance (MIESR), variable ionization mass spectrometry (VIMS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) methods have been used to detect radicals that emanate from or react with metal oxide surfaces during a catalytic reaction. The detection of methyl radicals using the MIESR systems has been effective in establishing the mechanism by which methane is converted to ethane and ethylene. Most recently the technique has been used to demonstrate that methyl and allyl radicals are involved in the catalytic cross coupling of methane and propylene to form butene. The VIMS system has been used to follow the reaction of methyl radicals with nitric oxide to produce nitrosomethane, which is believed to be an intermediate in the reduction of nitric oxide by methane. It has been demonstrated that water and oxygen react over strongly basic oxides, such as lanthanum oxide, to form hydroxyl radicals in the temperature range 1200 to 1350 K. The hydroxyl radicals are believed to be formed by the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from water at reactive surface oxygen ions, and they may play an important role in catalytic combustion. 02/08/1988 GRANT 10/10/1995 Butter, S.A. Catalysts and Mechanisms in Synthesis Reactions 01/01/1994 OR Oak Ridge Operations Office FG05-88ER13829 Department of Chemistry College Station 77843 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Lunsford, J.H. Texas A & M University P/ORNL--ERKCA05 The approach is to use advanced positron spectroscopy to characterize defects in the near-surface region of solids of catalytic interest and to distinguish the chemical environments associated with defects using a two-gamma coincidence spectrometer for the correlated Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation. Initially, the systems chosen for study will be a series of CeO2 and Ce-Zr oxide films, which are models of supports used in emission control catalysis. Vacancies will be introduced by reduction achieved in situ by ion sputtering or by hydrogen exposure in an appendage chamber. The depth profiles of these open volumes, which reflect the mobility of metal or oxygen, will be obtained by varying the positron injection energy. 11/13/1995 M&O 03/12/2001 FY2001-0;FY2002-0 Overbury, Steven {St, OVERBURYSH@ornl.gov 865-574-5040 Advanced Spectroscopic Methods for Chemical Analysis B 10/01/1996 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 37831 2000 KC0302020 Separations And Analyses 32939 1999 KC0302020 Separations And Analyses 55033 1998 KC0302020 243117 1997 KC0302020 249897 1996 KC0302020 262515 1995 KC0302020 227597 KC SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Xu, Jun {nmn} ORNL Overbury, Steven {St ORNL P/ORNL--ERKCC43 09/30/2008 The long-range goal of this program is to develop a detailed understanding of how molecules interact with reducible oxide supportsand how interactions between the support and supported metals control catalytic reaction mechanisms. Reaction pathways will bedetermined by soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and reflection absorption infra-red spectroscopy of surface species under steadystate reaction conditions brought about within an ultra-high or high vacuum environment. In addition to surface spectroscopy,product analysis by mass spectrometry, isotopic labeling of the oxide surface, dynamic flow reactions performed in UHV; and bycontrol of sample temperature and gas ratio are used. The focus is on well-characterized cerium oxide thin films since thestructure of these films has been well characterized and the Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio can be controlled. The reducibility of ceriumoxide permits the study of the effects of oxygen vacancies and compositions on reaction pathways. On clean ceria surfaces researchwill focus on the reactions of oxygenates with the surface. These reactions are likely to involve oxygen exchange with the supportand are relevant to hydrogen production and fuel cell applications. Simple bimolecular reactions will be investigated on supportedmetals including: CO + O2, CO + NO and C2H4 + NO. Understanding these simple redox reactions will clarify the role ofmetal-support interactions on these surfaces. In addition, scanned probe microscopy will be used to relate the structural andelectronic properties of the surface with their effects upon the reaction mechanisms. Theory modeling and simulation (TMS) will beapplied to clarify the underlying relationship between ceria oxidation state and structure upon uni-molecular and bi-molecularinteractions. 03/07/2002 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 21000 Overbury, Steven {Steve} H OVERBURYSH@ORNL.GOV 865-574-5040 Surface Chemistry Related to Heterogeneous Catalysis B 10/01/2005 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 770601 2007 KC0302010 804757 2006 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 692638 2005 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 719372 2004 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 577993 2003 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 492023 2002 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 567179 2001 KC0302010 Chemical Energy 220432 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Xu, Ye ORNL Overbury, Steven {Steve} H ORNL Mullins, David R ORNL P/ORNL--ERKP382 09/30/2008 FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION OF BIOSTIMULATION FOR REMEDIATION OF URANIUM-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AT A PROPOSED NABIR FIELD RESEARCHCENTER IN OAK RIDGE TENNESSEEConversion of solid-associated uranium in the source zone into a sparingly soluble and inert formwould prevent its widespread dispersal into the environment by pathways that are difficult to predict or manage. In our previousfield studies at the Oak Ridge FRC, ethanol additions stimulated microbial reduction of U(VI) to sparingly soluble U(IV) droppinggroundwater [U]below the US EPA drinking water standard (Wu et al., 2006a, 2006b, 2006c). However, we have also observed aspatially variable response to dissolved oxygen exposure, where uranium levels rising at some wells, but not others. The keyquestions then are: (1) how to uniformly buffer the subsurface against the geochemical changes that could re-mobilize uranium, and(2) how to create immobilized uranium forms that are intrinsically resistant to remobilization. We will address these issues throughfour hypotheses: (1) control of hydrogen levels within a specific range will enhance U reduction and prevent its remobilization, (2)the structural changes that occur as reduced uranium ripens will enhance resistance to oxidation, (3) the extent of reduction andstability of reduced uranium will be enhanced by its formation at lower temperature, and (4) simultaneous delivery of multipleelectron donors will enhance delivery of reducing equivalents, enable a greater extent of reduction and increase the stability ofthe reduced uranium. For all hypotheses, x ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and extended x ray absorption finestructure spectroscopy will be used to characterize the local chemical environment, coordination, and valence state of uranium.Carryover operating funds of $3K for this FWP are in B&R code KP1301010. 03/07/2002 M&O 12/20/2007 FY2008- 11000 Jardine, Philip M JARDINEPM@ornl.gov 865-574-8058 Field-Scale Evaluation of Biostimulation for Remediation of Uranium? B 10/01/2000 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2007 KP1302000 246985 2006 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 85812 2006 KP1302000 Environmental Remediation Sciences Research Progra 367498 2005 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 586459 2004 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 881224 2003 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 961976 2002 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 579481 2001 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 570302 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Gu, Baohua ORNL Jardine, Philip M ORNL P/ORNL--ERKP546 09/30/2008 The objective of this Glue Grant proposal is to conduct fundamental research for the development of unique optical nanoprobes forimaging single cells to monitor reactive oxygen species (ROS) under low-dose ionizing radiation (IR). The biological consequences ofan organism's response to low-dose radiation that might exceed the background level of oxidative damage to a cell in a tissue couldbe apoptosis, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation. There is physical and chemical evidence that ROS are involved in primarypathological events produced by IR in the cell. Advances in techniques to measure quantitatively the earlyevents associated withirradiation of cells are crucial to understanding molecular mechanism, and are currently lacking. To address this deficiency wepropose to develop nanoscale sensors that will measure the early intracellular biochemical events such as ROS formation uponexposure to low doses or low fluences of ionizing radiation, specifically changes in hydrogen peroxide and related signalingpathways, in real time and with quantitative detection. These sensors will be based on the radiobiological principle that much ofthe damage from IR results from ROS formation, and that measuring ROS and/or indices of ox-redox status within a cell willreflect its level of IR insult. The strategy will be further expanded to investigate intracellular ROS occurring in unirradiatedcells caused by a so-called "bystander" effect. Our approach will directly investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved inthe generation of ROS in single cells, and will also shed light on the characterization of radiation-induced bystander effects incell monolayers or tissue-like models. This Glue Grant will mainly fund a postdoctoral associate to support collaborative workbetween two laboratories.Keywords: nanoprobe, single cell imaging, bystander effect, low-dose radiation, reactive oxygen species 01/31/2006 M&O 12/20/2007 FY2008- 6000 Doktycz, Mitchel John DOKTYCZMJ@ornl.gov 865-574-6204 Nanoprobes for imaging single cells under low -dose radiation B 11/01/2004 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2007 KP1102020 95026 2006 KP1102020 Cellular Biology 83171 2005 KP1102020 Cellular Biology 115769 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Doktycz, Mitchel John ORNL P/ORNL--ERKP555 09/30/2007 Uranium and radionuclide contamination at DOE facilities frequently occurs with nitrate. Current bioremediation strategies reducenitrate/nitrite before reducing uranium and metals. While consistent with traditional thinking, this approach is problematicwithin the geochemical environment of DOE wastes where nitrate may persist for centuries. The goal of this ongoing research is toinvestigate bioremediation strategies involving the addition of specific energy sources and nutrients, such as propane, hydrogen,and triethylphosphate that can effectively immobilize metals and radionuclides without requiring complete nitrate removal. Suchstrategies would be compatible with the current FRC Area 1 environmental constraints of high nitrate, low permeability, and low pH.We hypothesize that if even a fraction of the microbial reducing potential can be directed towards uranium and metals, the reducedspecies can be stable in anaerobic waters making nitrate/nitrite removal unnecessary. Our initial objective to demonstrate thatthe stringent removal of oxygen from groundwater is a key for U(IV) stability rather than removal of nitrate was substantiated.Accordingly, transient influxes of nitrate could effect little change if oxygen was rapidly eliminated and metal reducing conditionsreestablished. A second objective to stimulate extant microorganisms to reduce metals in microcosm experiments with high nitrateand low pH is being accomplished. Results to date have observed uranium reduction at pH values of 5.5and as low as 4.9 Our finalobjective is to develop supporting approaches to minimize impacts of nitrate reduction that might facilitate U(IV) re-oxidation andmobilization. Carryover operating funds of $2K for this FWP are in B&R code KP1301010 01/31/2006 M&O 12/20/2007 FY2008- 8000 Phelps, Tommy Joe PHELPSTJ@ornl.gov 865-574-7290 Investigating In Situ Bioremediation Approaches B 10/01/2004 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2007 KP1302000 317789 2006 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 75185 2006 KP1302000 Environmental Remediation Sciences Research Progra 159141 2005 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 163146 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Madden, Andrew ORNL Brooks, Scott C ORNL Phelps, Tommy Joe ORNL P/ORNL--FEAA045 09/30/2010 This project describes the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) funding portion of the CO2 injection field test at large-scale Gulfcoast brine systems, and involves collaborations with researchers from the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology (TBEG), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as well as collaborations with SECABB. The overall purpose of this pilot test is to measure, monitorand verify the potential for CO2 sequestration in a typical large-scale brine formation system.ORNL researchers will participatein obtaining baseline data on the chemistry (including isotopes) of fluids and gases prior to each injection test. We will injectsmall quantities of PFTs into the CO2 stream to monitor both the breakthrough and transport of the plume as well as the stableisotopes of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in CO2 and fluids sampled from the monitoring well. These data form the foundation uponwhich we can quantitatively evaluate the hydrodynamic nature of the formation and the extent to which the CO2 interacts with boththe brine and host rock. This information will be integrated into a MMV system model with other data derived from geophysical andhydrological tests. 03/12/2001 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 148000;FY2010- 185000;FY2011- 188000 Wright, Ian G WRIGHTIG@ORNL.GOV 865-574-4451 Monitoring of Geological CO2 Sequestration Using Isotopes and PF Tracers B 05/01/2000 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 188281 2007 AA3010000 132789 2006 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 115295 2005 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 182696 2004 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 232713 2003 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 170952 2002 AA2025200 Environmental Technology 4099 2002 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 470758 2001 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 261985 2001 AA2025200 Environmental Technology 23372 2000 AA2025200 Environmental Technology 37529 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Cole, David R ORNL Phelps, Tommy Joe ORNL P/ORNL--FEAA053 09/30/2006 The purpose of this project is to carry out system design optimization for H2 and O2 gas generating systems. The core of this design study is the novel oxygen and hydrogen generator designs developed by ORNL. The study will deliever system requirements with respect to components, power, and gas output. 03/07/2002 M&O 12/06/2006 FY2007-0;FY2008-0 Judkins, Roddie Reagan, JUDKINSRR@ornl.gov 865-574-4572 Solid State Device Design Optimization B 11/01/2000 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2006 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 4347 2005 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 8308 2002 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 11592 2001 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 23341 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Armstrong, Timothy R. ORNL P/SNL--2290 09/30/2000 The HyMeltTM process, currently under development by Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC (MAP) and EnviRes LLC, will be used to generate high-value H2 and CO streams from various organic feedstocks, particularly high-sulfur oil refinery bottoms, without generating greenhouse gasses. This is accomplished by injecting the waste products into a molten steel bath under specific pressure and temperature conditions, resulting in the dissolution of C in the bath, and the evolution of hydrogen at somewhat elevated pressures. As the steel bath approaches a condition of carbon saturation, the process parameters are modified to remove sulfur from the bath, then the bath is given an oxygen blow to decarburize the bath and form CO. 11/20/1995 M&O 03/15/2001 Tatro, Marjorie mltatro@sandia.gov 505-844-3154 H2 PRODUCTION FROM THE RE 02/15/1989 SNL Sandia National Laboratories www.sandia.gov AC04-94AL85000 87185-0741 2000 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 5755.19 1999 AA1010050 Direct Liquefaction Research And Develop 102734 1998 AA1010050 244183 1997 AA1010050 349145 1996 AA1010050 399086 1995 AA1010050 429663 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/SNL--7623 09/30/2025 Olefins, especially ethylene, are to be produced using a chemical reactor concept termed catalytic autothermal oxydehydrogenation (CAO). This novel, highly productive reactor features a highly porous catalyst support operating at high temperature and very short residence time. Hydrocarbon feed stocks are mixed with oxygen and additives and flow rapidly through a catalyst zone. In and near the catalyst zone, oxygen reacts with the hydrocarbons to produce primarily olefins, hydrogen, water, and heat by the reaction C2H6 + 1/2O2 à C2H4 + H2O. The catalyst is essentially in an ignited state of about 1000 °C and requires no heat transfer. Small amounts of CO and CO2 are formed as well. This concept is intended to replace conventional steam cracking for future olefin production plants. We propose a fundamental approach to the problem of improving the performance and understanding of this chemical system. The underlying chemical phenomena will be probed by applying several different experimental techniques. The relative contributions and interactions between heterogeneous (surface) and homogeneous (gas phase) events are especially important. These will be combined computationally with the physics (heat transfer and fluid flow) to provide a working model of the reaction step of the process. Experimental validation will be a continuing, vital component of the program. 12/03/1998 M&O 03/15/2001 McLean, William J. wjmclea@sandia.gov 925-294-2687 OXIDATIVE CRACKING/ADM.NA 05/19/1998 SNL Sandia National Laboratories www.sandia.gov AC04-94AL85000 94551-9403 2000 ED1806000 Chemicals Vision 426462.93 1998 ED1806000 170918 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE)