P/ANL--001986 This project undertakes the development of dense membranes that separate hydrogen in a nongalvanic mode from other gaseous components and generate hydrogen by water dissociation at moderate temperatures. These membranes will consist of either dual-phase ceramic/metal composites or monolithic mixed ionic/electronic conductors. Nongalvanic ceramic membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide a simple, cost-effective method for separating hydrogen from mixed streams, allowing more efficient management of hydrogen supplies and thereby improving the economics of converting domestic coal reserves to electric power, hydrogen, and liquid fuels. The hydrogen separation membranes have other potential applications, e.g., dehydrogenation reactions, decomposition of ammonia from gasifier product gas, and separation of hydrogen sulfide from gasifier product gas and tail gas from petrochemical processing. The work involves investigations to identify materials with suitable hydrogen permeability, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin, dense membranes from such materials. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability of the membranes will be studied. Membrane performance will be evaluated in gas mixtures that contain hydrogen, water, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in concentrations that are typical of syngas (i.e., synthesis gas) from coal-based gasifiers. Membrane performance in generating hydrogen by water dissociation will also be evaluated. Catalyst(s) will be developed to increase the hydrogen production and separation rates. Laboratory-scale membrane separation modules will be tested under atmospheric-pressure conditions at Argonne and under higher-pressure conditions at DOE s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Argonne will perform scoping-level evaluations of potential applications of membrane technology and will team with industrial partner(s). 12/03/1998 M&O 10/14/2009 Schmalzer, D.K. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-7723 Development of Mixed-Conducting Ceramic Membranes for Hydrogen Production and Separation A 10/31/1996 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 455000 2007 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 499000 2007 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 125000 2006 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 105000 2005 000AA2015 255000 2004 000AA2015 357000 2003 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 408000 2002 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 409000 2001 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 591000 2000 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 468000 1999 AA2015000 High Efficiency - Integrated Gasified Co 309000 1998 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 197000 1998 AA1015000 INDIRECT LIQUEFACTION 50000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Schmalzer, David K. ANL P/INEEL--100635 12/30/2004 Most of the energy currently used in the world comes from fossil energy sources. The world�s supply of fossil energy is finite and presents a variety of environmental problems from mining and extraction activities to air pollution caused by emissions when they are burned. The world*s demand for energy will not diminish, but the world*s store of fossil fuels has already diminished, and the developed world is less willing to tolerate environmental damage from energy production. The world is actively seeking new solutions for its energy needs. Among all the alternative energy possibilities, hydrogen is the strongest candidate to meet the world*s energy needs without sacrificing the environment. If it can be produced, transported, and stored economically and cleanly in large quantities, hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in: automobiles and other personal transportation; industrial processes; distributed power applications.Sodium borohydride is a safe and concentrated hydrogen carrier compound and can store an impressive amount of hydrogen. For example, 1 liter of 44-weight percent sodium borohydride solution at 1 atmosphere can release about 130 grams of hydrogen. Sodium borohydride releases more hydrogen than other sources of hydrogen. In addition, sodium borohydride has a higher density of hydrogen than other sources. For example, cryogenic liquefied hydrogen has a density of 70 gm/lit. Hydrogen pressurized to 6,000 psi has a density of only 36 gm/lit. Rare-earth-nickel alloys can store hydrogen up to a density slightly higher than liquid hydrogen but still quite a bit less than sodium borohydride. However, the alloy is very expensive and not as easily handled as a liquid. The borohydride solution is also much easier and safer to handle than liquid or high-pressure hydrogen. Current gasoline distribution infrastructure for automobiles can be easily converted to dispense sodium borohydride fuel for vehicles.Sodium borohydride can be produced from sodium borate. However, to date no technology exists to do so economically. We propose to develop a nuclear power assisted plasma technology to economically mass-produce sodium borohydride from sodium borate.A successful nuclear-power-assisted plasma technology to convert sodium borate to sodium borohydride will have a long-term significant economical benefit to the nuclear power industry. During peak operation, nuclear power reactors will generate electricity to meet peakcommercial demand, and during off peak operation, the nuclear reactor will supply electricity and nuclear process heat to produce sodium borohydride. Producing sodium borohydride during off-peak hours will in turn increase the demand for the nuclear industry.We have assembled a team of highly experienced and qualified researchers to develop a new nuclear-energy-assisted plasma technology to produce hydrogen. Our proposed technology does not have the disadvantages of existing hydrogen-producing technologies. In contrast to the existing hydrogen producing technologies, our proposed technology is efficient, economical, environmentally acceptable and safe. 12/11/2003 M&O 01/12/2005 Kong, Peter C. pck@inel.gov 208-526-7579 Nuclear Energy Assisted Plasma Technology Production D 09/30/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2210 2004 AF3510000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) 413137 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Grandy, Jon D. INEEL Herring, Stephen J. INEEL Kong, Peter C. INEEL P/INEEL--100697 03/30/2005 The goal of this project is to develop both a viable and an economical method for regenerating sodium borohydride from sodium borate and meet the Department of Energy fuel cost target of $1.50 per kilogram Hydrogen.With the fossil fuel reserves on the decline and greenhouse gas levels on the rise, the world has an increasing need for a clean alternative fuel source. The evolution of fuel technology has seen a trend towards hydrogen as a fuel source, starting with wood, coal, and then hydrocarbons. Each progressive fuel source has had higher hydrogen content than the last. It�s for this reason that hydrogen is widely considered the solution to our fuel consumption needs, and the Department of Energy considers hydrogen as the fuel of the future. Hydrogen can be used to produce electricity through a fuel cells or combusted in an engine with the only by product being water.There are some problems that must be solved prior to hydrogen being accepted as a solution to the fuel crisis. Currently the cheapest hydrogen production method is through water electrolysis, at a rate of $4.70 per kilogram. The energy content of a twenty gallon gas tank is equivalent to about 18 kilograms of hydrogen, which costs consumers $84.60. This is more than double the current gasoline prices.The density of hydrogen also plays a vital role in its use. The ability to store 18 kilograms of hydrogen at ambient pressures requires a 200 cubic meter storage tank. The solution to this problem is simple: pressurization. Pressurization can reduce this volume by over 450 times depending on the pressure. Compression has its own set of issues. Using a compressor adds significantly to cost in the form of energy and maintenance.Liquefied hydrogen is approximately 800 times as dense as a gas at ambient conditions. If hydrogen is stored as a compressed cryogenic fluid, it achieves nearly the density of solid phase hydrogen. These are much better but require very expensive cryogenic storage methods.Other methods of storage include the storage of molecular and elemental hydrogen in a solid matrix such as carbon nanotubes, or storage in complex chemical compounds such as sodium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. One of the most dense hydrogen compounds is beryllium borohydride at almost 21% hydrogen by weight. It is for this reason that a study was recently initiated on the ability to use radiochemistry for the production of borohydride compounds. This study focuses on deriving sodium borohydride from sodium borate not so much because of the energy density but because of the ease of handling and relative safety to people and the environment as compared to other complex compounds.The methodology of this project considers waste radiation as an energy source for off-board regeneration of spent vehicle fuel � specifically to convert sodium borate to sodium borohydride. Economic drivers may make this approach an efficient alternative to current techniques and put these radiation sources to good use.Using ionizing radiation to modify chemical compounds is well known i.e. the radiolysis of water. When applied to sodium borate, it appears to efficiently change borate compounds into other chemical species. By applying the proper combination of controls, stable borohydride compounds may be produced and used as hydrogen fuel storage mechanisms. The approach involves the following major focus areas and steps including prepare and document exposure samples and control samples, expose samples to ionizing radiation sources, generate, control, and stabilize products, document and analyze samples, estimate process economics, and estimate production capacity based on available resources. 01/11/2005 M&O 01/12/2005 Wilding, Bruce M. wilding@inel.gov 208-526-8160 Rad Borate Regeneration A 01/10/2004 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2110 2004 EB4202000 Storage R&D 239745 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Bingham, Dennis N. INEEL P/INEEL--200075 09/30/2005 Most of the energy currently used in the world comes from fossil energy sources. The worldâ��s supply of fossil energy is finite and presents a variety of environmental problems from mining and extraction activities to air pollution caused by emissions when they are burned. The world*s demand for energy will not diminish, but the world*s store of fossil fuels has already diminished, and the developed world is less willing to tolerate environmental damage from energy production. The world is actively seeking new solutions for its energy needs. Among all the alternative energy possibilities, hydrogen is the strongest candidate to meet the world*s energy needs without sacrificing the environment. If it can be produced, transported, and stored economically and cleanly in large quantities, hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in: automobiles and other personal transportation; industrial processes; distributed power applications. Sodium borohydride is a safe and concentrated hydrogen carrier compound and can store an impressive amount of hydrogen. For example, 1 liter of 44-weight percent sodium borohydride solution at 1 atmosphere can release about 130 grams of hydrogen. Sodium borohydride releases more hydrogen than other sources of hydrogen. In addition, sodium borohydride has a higher density of hydrogen than other sources. For example, cryogenic liquefied hydrogen has a density of 70 gm/lit. Hydrogen pressurized to 6,000 psi has a density of only 36 gm/lit. Rare-earth-nickel alloys can store hydrogen up to a density slightly higher than liquid hydrogen but still quite a bit less than sodium borohydride. However, the alloy is very expensive and not as easily handled as a liquid. The borohydride solution is also much easier and safer to handle than liquid or high-pressure hydrogen. Current gasoline distribution infrastructure for automobiles can be easily converted to dispense â��sodium borohydride fuelâ�� for vehicles. Sodium borohydride can be produced from sodium borate. However, to date no technology exists to do so economically. We propose to develop a nuclear-power-assisted plasma technology to economically mass-produce sodium borohydride from sodium borate. A successful nuclear-power-assisted plasma technology to convert sodium borate to sodium borohydride will have a long-term significant economical benefit to the nuclear power industry. During peak operation, nuclear power reactors will generate electricity to meet peak commercial demand, and during off-peak operation, the nuclear reactor will supply electricity and nuclear process heat to produce sodium borohydride. Producing sodium borohydride during off-peak hours will in turn increase the demand for the nuclear industry. We have assembled a team of highly experienced and qualified researchers to develop a new nuclear-energy-assisted plasma technology to produce hydrogen. Our proposed technology does not have the disadvantages of existing hydrogen-producing technologies. In contrast to the existing hydrogen-producing technologies, our proposed technology is efficient, economical, environmentally acceptable and safe. 12/11/2003 M&O 12/11/2003 Kong, Peter C. pck@inel.gov 208-526-7579 Nuclear-Energy-Assisted Plasma Technology for Producing Hydrogen D 09/30/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 83415-2210 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 MEWAREC Grandy, Jon D. INEEL Herring, Stephen J. INEEL Kong, Peter C. INEEL P/INEEL--DPR00MW14 09/30/2003 The Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) was developed for the Department of Energy (DOE) primarily for shipment of contact-handled transuranic waste (CH-TRU) from DOE generator/storage sites to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. The TRUPACT-II was designed in accordance with the requirements for Type B packaging found in Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations Part 71. A Certificate of Compliance (CofC) for the TRUPACT-II was granted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 1989. The CofC specifies limits on the authorized payload in a TRUPACT-II to ensure safety during transport. These limits are based on the results of testing and analyses, which were documented in the TRUPACT-II Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) and submitted by the DOE to the NRC. The NRC has imposed a flammable (i.e., hydrogen) gas concentration limit on CH-TRU waste transported using the TRUPACT-II to minimize the potential for loss of containment during transport. This limit is set at the lower explosive limit of 5% by volume of hydrogen in air. Accident scenarios and the resulting safety analysis, developed as part of the TRUPACT-II SARP, require that this limit be complied with for a period of 60 days. The NRC limit of 5% hydrogen by volume applies to the innermost layer of confinement within a drum or standard waste box. Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation is the result of alpha radiolysis of hydrogenous waste and packaging materials coupled with waste packaging configurations. The combination of high activity wastes with multiple layers of packaging results in significant quantities of wastes that do not meet transportation requirements for hydrogen gas concentration. Payload expansion, to support the shipment of high activity wastes, drives the use of hydrogen gas getters in the TRUPACT-II. Hydrogen gas getters are solid materials that remove hydrogen from the gas phase. Mroz, et al. at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are currently evaluating the chemical 1,4-bis phenylethynyl) benzene (DEB) manufactured by Allied Signal, Kansas City, MO. DEB has been used both by DOE and the Department of Defense for a hydrogen getter in nuclear weapons for the past several years, and meets the Department of Transportation and NRC requirements for shipment on public highways (See Section 11.0, Technical Requirements). The material has been blended with silicone and natural rubbers to form seals and linings for weapons, therefore it seems to be a logical candidate for being encapsulated into other polymers. LANL*s preliminary results show good hydrogen capacities, acceptable sorption rates, and good physical property integrity. They also have found that exposure of the material to the atmosphere of the waste drum containing oxygen, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Hydrogen Sulfide(H2S) results in a deterioration of the materials sorption properties, rates, etc. The evidence from this work suggests that the material is poisoned by one or several mechanisms. The DEB requires a hydrogenation catalyst (5% palladium on carbon). This catalyst is easily poisoned by a variety of methods including exposure to the acid gases (forming for example, carbonyl complexes with CO, sulfides with H2S -the natural ore that is mined), or water (physically covering the metallic surfaces), and the halogenated species (forming, halogenated complexes on the palladium). The problem addressed by this project is to develop a method that will protect the DEB and the palladium on carbon from the above contaminants. The crux of the problem is to selectively allow hydrogen passage into the system while minimizing/excluding the other components of the mixture. The proposed micro-encapsulation provides a very high sorbent surface area that assures rapid hydrogen removal from the TRUPACT-II containers, while meeting the objective of protecting the DEB and its hydrogenation catalyst from poisons. 03/12/2001 M&O Future work (Phase 2) will include testing encapsulation materials in a mixed gas system. This testing will be conducted on PVC and polystyrene if these materials test well at Los Alamos National Laboratory. If not, other polymers with good hydrogen permeabilities will be formulated and tested. 01/08/2003 Peterson, Eric S. esp@inel.gov 208-526-1521 Mixed Waste Focus Area Demo of Potential Getters A 12/01/1999 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 83415-2208 2002 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 306953.1 2001 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 197560.12 2000 EW4010000 Treatment And Remediation Technology Systems 145717 EM50 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) Benson, Michael T. INEEL Stone, Mark L. INEEL Peterson, Eric Spencer INEEL P/INL--100697 09/30/2005 The goal of this project is to develop a method for regenerating sodium borohydride from sodium borate that is both viable and economical, and that meets the Department of Energy fuel cost target of $1.50 per kilogram Hydrogen. With the fossil fuel reserves on the decline and greenhouse gas levels on the rise, the world has an increasing need for a clean alternative fuel source. The evolution of fuel technology has seen a trend towards hydrogen as a fuel source, starting with wood, coal, and then hydrocarbons. Each progressive fuel source has had higher hydrogen content than the last. It's for this reason that hydrogen is widely considered the solution to our fuel consumption needs, and the Department of Energy considers hydrogen as the fuel of the future. Hydrogen can be used to produce electricity through fuel cells or combusted in an engine with the only byproduct being water. There are some problems that must be solved prior to hydrogen being accepted as a solution to the fuel crisis. Currently the cheapest hydrogen production method is through water electrolysis, at a rate of $4.70 per kilogram. The energy content of a twenty gallon gas tank is equivalent to about 18 kilograms of hydrogen, which costs consumers $84.60. This is more than double the current gasoline prices.The density of hydrogen also plays a vital role in its use. The ability to store 18 kilograms of hydrogen at ambient pressures requires a 200 cubic meter storage tank. The solution to this problem is simple: pressurization. Pressurization can reduce this volume by over 450 times, depending on the pressure. Compression has its own set of issues. Using a compressor adds significantly to cost in the form of energy and maintenance.Liquefied hydrogen is approximately 800 times as dense as a gas at ambient conditions. If hydrogen is stored as a compressed cryogenic fluid, it achieves nearly the density of solid phase hydrogen. These are much better but require very expensive cryogenic storage methods.Other methods of storage include the storage of molecular and elemental hydrogen in a solid matrix such as carbon nanotubes, or storage in complex chemical compounds such as sodium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. One of the most dense hydrogen compounds is beryllium borohydride at almost 21% hydrogen by weight. It is for this reason that a study was recently initiated on the ability to use radiochemistry for the production of borohydride compounds. This study focuses on deriving sodium borohydride from sodium borate, not so much because of the energy density, but because of the ease of handling and relative safety to people and the environment as compared to other complex compounds.The methodology of this project considers waste radiation as an energy source for off-board regeneration of spent vehicle fuel - specifically to convert sodium borate to sodium borohydride. Economic drivers may make this approach an efficient alternative to current techniques and put these radiation sources to good use.Using ionizing radiation to modify chemical compounds is well known i.e. the radiolysis of water. When applied to sodium borate, it appears to efficiently change borate compounds into other chemical species. By applying the proper combination of controls, stable borohydride compounds may be produced and used as hydrogen fuel storage mechanisms. The approach involves the following major focus areas and steps including prepare and document exposure samples and control samples, expose samples to ionizing radiation sources, generate, control, and stabilize products, document and analyze samples, estimate process economics, and estimate production capacity based on available resources. 02/09/2006 M&O 02/09/2006 Wilding, Bruce M 208-526-8160 Rad Borate Regeneration A 11/13/2003 INL Idaho National Laboratory (INL) www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2110 2005 EB4202000 Storage R&D 4788 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Wilding, Bruce M. INL P/ANL--002697 The work supported by this project describes the development of novel mixed-conducting dense ceramic membranes that generate hydrogen by separating the gases produced by water dissociation at moderate temperatures. These membranes dissociate vaporized water and remove one or both of the product gases in a nongalvanic mode, (i.e., without using any external circuitry). Membranes that remove hydrogen are known as hydrogen transport membranes (HTMs), and those that remove oxygen are called oxygen transport membranes (OTMs). Nongalvanic ceramic membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide a simple, cost-effective method for separating gases from mixed streams and thereby improve the economics of converting domestic coal reserves to electrical power, hydrogen, and liquid fuels. Hydrogen is considered the fuel of choice for both the electric power and transportation industries because of concerns over global climate change. The President’s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative seeks to advance the methods of producing hydrogen from coal, renewable, and sustainable sources. There is particular interest in using water as a hydrogen source because it is clean and abundant, and the ability to efficiently produce hydrogen from water will dramatically improve our nation’s energy security. Supercritical boilers offer very high pressure (greater than 3,000 psi) steam, and the membranes developed under this FWP will be able to decompose this steam and provide pure hydrogen. Oxygen resulting from dissociation of steam can be used for coal gasification, enriched combustion, or synthesis gas production. The work involves investigations to identify materials with suitable mixed-conducting characteristics, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin, dense ceramic membranes from such materials. Membrane performance in generating hydrogen will be evaluated. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability of the membranes will be studied. Laboratory-scale membrane modules will be assembled and their performance will be tested. 01/22/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Daniels, E.J. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5279 Hydrogen Production by Water Dissociation Using Ceramic Membranes A 10/31/2005 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 235000 2007 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 250000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Daniels, Edward J. ANL P/SRNL--EB42-T9775-H2PD Membrane Task-Separation and purification membranes must have high hydrogen solubility, high diffusivity and catalytic activity on the surface of the membrane. Hydrogen separation as described in this work can be accomplished by the use of bulk amorphous materials (namely, bulk metallic glasses) permeable to hydrogen. The focal point of the SRNL effort will be on the development and optimization of the bulk amorphous material for the dense metallic-based membrane substrate.Weld/HAZ-Critical to the successful implementation of hydrogen delivery via pipelines is an understanding of the hydrogen compatibility of the materials of construction. Characterization of the hydrogen permeation and mechanical behavior of weld and weld heat affected zones (HAZ) in pipeline alloys such as A106 grade B, API X-42, X-52, X-70, X-80, comprises the central focus of the proposed research. As such, the connection between hydrogen permeation and weld and weld HAZ s will be evaluated using low pressure hydrogen permeation tests to measure hydrogen permeation through weld and weld HAZs both from actual welds and from GLEEBLE simulationsfor representative hydrogen pipeline alloys.FRP Piping-A testing program will be performed in parallel with the literature review. The test will evaluate current existing metallic joining components for FRP piping. Commercially available joint types will be leak tested and leakage rates recorded. The leak rate data for the joints can be applied to determine the acceptability of existing metal joints available for FRP pipe and will also aid in the development of new joint materials and designs if necessary for hydrogen service. 01/23/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Adams, Thad 803-725-5510 Hydrogen Technology Production&Delivery A 10/01/2007 SRNL Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov Aiken 29808-0001 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 422351 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Adams, Thad M. SRNL P/ANL--002399 The purpose of this project is the development of novel mixed-conductingdense ceramic membranes that can be used to generate hydrogen by waterdissociation at moderate temperatures. These membranes will dissociatevaporized water and remove one or both of the product gases in a nongalvanicmode, i.e., without using any external circuitry or electrical power.Nongalvanic ceramic membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide asimple, cost-effective method for separating gases from mixed streams andthereby improve the economics of converting domestic coal reserves toelectrical power, hydrogen, and liquid fuels. Hydrogen is considered the fuelof choice for both the electric power and transportation industries becauseof concerns over global climate change. The President's Hydrogen FuelInitiative seeks to advance the methods of producing hydrogen from coal,renewable, and sustainable sources. There is particular interest in usingwater as a hydrogen source because it is clean and abundant, and the abilityto efficiently produce hydrogen from water will dramatically improve ournation's energy security. Supercritical boilers offer very high pressure(greater than 3,000 psi) steam, and the membranes developed under thisproject will be able to decompose this steam and provide pure hydrogen.Oxygen resulting from dissociation of steam can be used for coalgasification, enriched combustion, or synthesis gas production. The workinvolves investigations to identify materials with suitable mixed-conductingcharacteristics, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin,dense ceramic membranes from such materials. Membrane performance ingenerating hydrogen will be evaluated. One or more catalysts will bedeveloped to increase the hydrogen production rate. Chemical, mechanical, andthermal stability of the membranes will be studied. Laboratory-scale membranemodules will be assembled, and their performance will be tested underatmospheric-pressure conditions at Argonne and under higher-pressureconditions at DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory. 12/09/2003 M&O 12/14/2006 Schmalzer, D.K. schmalzer@anl.gov 202-488-2185 Hydrogen Production By Water Dissociation Using CeramicMembranes B 10/01/2002 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2006 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 162000 2005 000AA1035 612000 2004 000AA1035 294000 2003 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 41000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Balachandran,U. ANL P/ANL--002656 The objective of this program is to support the DOE Office of the Nuclear Energy in their efforts to develop hydrogen production technologies based on nuclear-generated heat and electricity. The program includes the studying of thermochemical cycles, high-temperature steam electrolysis, the interface between the nuclear power plant and the hydrogen production plant, and the economics of nuclear-produced hydrogen in a larger hydrogen economy. In FY 2006, Argonne is studying hydroger markets, nuclear power s potential role in those markets, and the implications for nuclear hydrogen production technologies. Argonne is studying the dynamic interactions between a hydrogen production facility and a high temperature reactor heat source. Argonne has developed a standardized method for quantifying the thermodynamic efficiency of thermochemical hydrogen production processes and will be working with universities to apply that methodology to alternative thermal-electrochemical cycles. Argonne is studying improved electrolysis methods applicable to the hybrid sulfur cycle. In addition, Argonne is developing the calcium-bromine thermochemical hydrogen production process as a lower- temperature alternative to the sulfur-based cycles. Argonne is contributing to the effort to develop solid-oxide electrolysis cell systems for producing hydrogen through high-temperature steam electrolysis. The work includes system design work to integrate the electrolysis cells with a balance of plant that optimizes the system efficiency. Argonne is developing computational fluid dynamics methods for modeling feed and product streams in the cells to improve their engineering design. Argonne is examining alternative oxygen and hydrogen electrodes for the electrolysis cells to improve their performance and reduce long-term degradation. 12/14/2006 M&O 10/14/2009 Khalil, H.S. hkhalil@anl.gov 630-252-7266 Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative A 10/31/2004 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AF3820100 Thermochemical System 404000 2008 AF3810100 Technical Integration 52000 2008 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 2000 2008 AF3830100 High-Temperature Electrolysis System 342000 2007 AF3830100 High-Temperature Electrolysis System 928000 2007 AF3820100 Thermochemical System 1467000 2007 AF3810100 Technical Integration 114000 2007 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 215000 2006 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 157000 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Khalil, Hussein S. ANL P/NREL--HY41 09/30/1996 The overall goal of the renewable hydrogen subprogram is to provide the technology base to determine the scientific and practical viability of producing hydrogen for energy related applications from renewable or abundant resources. The products of the program will provide sufficient information to allow the private sector to evaluate and initiate commercialization of the best technical approaches. In order for hydrogen to attain a significant role in energy, it must be produced from renewable and/or abundant resources. The only means of accomplishing this is via water splitting using renewable energy. The FY 1994 objectives of this program are to: 1) further develop cost effective, practical hydrogen storage systems for mobile storage applications, 2) develop new hydrogen production processes from renewable resources and conduct systems research and development to integrate hydrogen applications with renewable hydrogen production and storage. The progra m will continue to conduct ongoing research in the areas of renewable hydrogen production via direct conversion of light energy to hydrogen and various hydrogen storage systems for both mobile and stationary applications. 11/15/1995 M&O GREGORIE PADRO, CATHY 303-275-2919 HYDROGEN PROGRAM B NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC02-83CH10093 Golden 80401 1995 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 204506 1995 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 1213852 EE EE-14(USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE)) P/INEEL--DRTGORR 04/30/2000 The objective of this project is to demonstrate the efficient thermal conversion of methane to hydrogen for use in fuel cells. The scope includes the design, optimization and demonstration of an innovative and efficient process for the thermal (plasma) conversion to hydrogen and solid carbon (carbon black). In a later addition to this project, the hydrogen production step will be integrated with hydrogen purification and utilization of the hydrogen in a fuel cell. Experimental efforts on hydrogen production will include determination of energy and mass balances. Parametric studies will be conducted to determine the effects of operating variables on efficiency of hydrogen production. As fuel cells require a high degree of hydrogen purity, initial efforts will include evaluation of technology for efficient separation of hydrogen from byproduct carbon and other impurities. Expected continuation funding was not received so work was terminated with only preliminary laboratory experiments having been completed. 02/05/2000 M&O 05/29/2001 Anderson, Raymond P. anderp@inel.gov 208-526-1623 High Yield Production of Hydrogen and Carbon from Natural Gas. A 10/01/1999 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2110 2000 NOBRINFO0 48939 1999 820201000 Transfers To Others 967 1999 NOBRINFOR 0 1999 NOBRINFOR 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) CR USDOE Office of Chief Financial Officer (CR) P/NREL--ER21 One of the grand challenges to hydrogen economy is the lack of a secure, compact, lightweight and economic method of storing hydrogen fuel. Currently, physisorption of H2 molecules, metal hydrides, complex hydrides, and chemical hydrides are some of the known paths to a possible solution. A simple estimate showed that the binding energy of hydrogen to the adsorbents could greatly affect their practical usefulness. If the binding is too weak such as in a typical physisorption system (~4 kJ/mol-H2), there is basically no hydrogen adsorbed at near room temperature. If, on the other hand, the binding is too large as in many other cases (>>50 kJ/mol-H2), the heat load for 5-kg hydrogen stored can be as high as 1 MW at the DOE-specified charging time of 3-5 minutes. It is thus highly desirable to develop novel storage systems with molecular hydrogen binding in the energy range of 10-30 kJ/mol-H2. However, current state-of-the-art theoretical approaches are incapable of predicting accurately such weak interactions in real systems. This program is thus designed to resolve this longtime theoretical challenge. We will develop a very efficient and yet highly accurate first-principles approach to study van der Waals (vdW) interactions between molecular hydrogen and realistic molecular-hydrogen absorbents to determine if available nanostructure engineering techniques could significantly enhance the physisorption energy. With the new approach, we will also provide the fundamental knowledge for future design of new hydrogen adsorbents to meet the DOE goal of storing hydrogen fuel onboard vehicles. 01/16/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Bob Noun Bob_Noun@nrel.gov 303-275-3062 Understanding Molecular Hydrogen Adsorbents: A First Principles Theory for van der Waals Interactions. B 08/01/2006 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2008 KC0202030 Condensed Matter Theory, Particle-Solid Interactio 169695 2007 KC0202030 Condensed Matter Theory, Particle-Solid Interactio 191540 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Hammond, Steven W NREL P/NREL--H272 The ultimate goal of the Hydrogen Storage program is the development of hydrogen storage materials that meet or exceed the DOEs goals for the onboard hydrogen storage in a hydrogen powered vehicle. There is a need to have common metrics and best practices for measuring the practical hydrogen storage properties of new materials that are being development within the US DOE Hydrogen Storage Program as well as at an international level. The recent rapid expansion of research efforts in this field has brought the talents of a wide-range of researchers to bear in solving the grand challenge of hydrogen storage. For many, the characterization of the hydrogen storage properties these advanced materials is a new endeavor. There is a need for a clear and comprehensive resource that will provide guidelines to best practices in the measurements of these properties. Such a reference should also provide for a understanding the common pitfalls and many caveats in making such measurements. The objective of this task will be to create a series of reference guides of common methodologies and protocols for measuring critical performance properties of advanced hydrogen storage materials. This would serve as a resource to the hydrogen storage materials development community to aid in clearly communicating the relevant performance properties of new materials as they are discovered and tested. 01/16/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Bob Noun Bob_Noun@nrel.gov 303-275-3062 STORAGE - FY07 - EB4202 D 10/01/2006 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2008 EB4202000 Storage R&D 2898841 2007 EB4202000 Storage R&D 2110510 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/SRTC--9909114018 09/30/1999 Problem The purpose is to develop an hydrogen getter technology that will prevent formation of flammable gas mixtures in the TRUPACT-II shipping cask. Initially, design criteria for the use of hydrogen getters were documented, and major categories of hydrogen getter technology were reviewed to determine the best technology available that supported the design criteria. Interaction of radiation from transuranic uranium (TRU) elements with the waste matrix being transported in the TRUPACT-II results in decomposition of the waste and production of non-radioactive gaseous by-products. The radiolysis products may include gases and vapors. The most promising technologies identified were composite getter materials that provide a means to prevent poisoning of the getter by other gases and vapors present in the TRUPACT-II. The amount of hydrogen generated is a function of both the waste type and the decay energy; therefore, operating limits for allowable radioactive decay energy in the TRUPACT-II have been established for different waste types. The term metal hydride is commonly used to refer to a metal or metal alloy that reacts reversibly with hydrogen, whether or not it is in the hydride form. Metal hydrides have been studied and used for purposes of hydrogen separation and storage for some time. In general, metal hydrides absorb hydrogen at lower temperatures and desorb hydrogen at higher temperatures, although the functional temperature range varies widely for different metal hydrides. The fact that the reaction is reversible suggests metal hydrides used as hydrogen getters in the TRUPACT-II could be recycled and reused, resulting in significant cost savings. Accomplishments initially, sol-gel metal hydride (SGMH) was the focus of this effort. SGMH has been patented and tested for use in an oil refinery as a means of recovering hydrogen in the presence of significant concentrations of getter poisons. Additional research and consultation lead to the testing of two other metal hydride materials, neodymium cobalt (NdCo) and zirconium cobal (ZrCo). ZrCo shows more promise than NdCo. As a result, SGMH samples are being made and tested using ZrCo. The experiments are focusing on 1) conditions for activation of the metal, 2) absorption performance at room temperature, and 3) absorption performance at both -20 degrees C and 70 degrees C. 02/04/2000 M&O 02/10/2000 Livingston, Ron 803-725-3074 PRESSURE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR TRUPACT-II 10/01/1998 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 29808-0001 1999 EW4000000 Technology Development 78 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) P/ANL--002291 The overall objective of this effort is the development of hydrogen production, storage, and infrastructure-related technology to enable the introduction and commercialization of fuel cells in a hydrogen economy. The development of the advanced technologies needed to enable widespread availability and use of hydrogen would provide a clean, efficient fuel for transportation and other applications that would contribute to petroleum savings and reduced environmental pollution. This work includes technical support to the Hydrogen Program’s Hydrogen Storage Team by (1) conducting evaluations of hydrogen storage technology options and participation in the FreedomCAR and Fuel hydrogen storage and cross-cutting technical teams and (2) developing and analyzing models of all of the different types of hydrogen storage systems for performance and volumetric and gravimetric capacities. 03/06/2002 M&O 10/14/2009 Miller, J.F. ebunel@anl.gov 630-252-4537 Hydrogen Storage and Infrastructure A 10/31/1999 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 EB4202000 Storage R&D 727000 2007 EB4202000 Storage R&D 555000 2006 EB4202000 Storage R&D 507000 2005 000EB4202 492000 2004 000EB4202 417000 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 371000 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 100000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Miller, James F. ANL P/ANL--002455 The objective of this effort is the development of hydrogen production and infrastructure-related technology to enable the introduction and commercialization of fuel cells in a hydrogen economy. The development of the advanced technologies needed to enable widespread availability and use of hydrogen would provide a clean, efficient fuel for transportation and other applications that would contribute to petroleum savings and reduced environmental pollution. This work includes (1) innovative ways to produce hydrogen from renewable and other sources, including bioderived fuels and solar energy; (2) analysis of various pathways for the production and delivery of hydrogen, analysis of the hydrogen power park concept, and analysis of the transition from the current gasoline fueling infrastructure to a hydrogen economy; (3) new materials and processes for hydrogen compression and purification; and (4) development of educational materials for use in schools and by the general public as well as support to student design competitions. 01/14/2005 M&O 10/14/2009 Miller, J.F. ebunel@anl.gov 630-252-4537 Hydrogen Production and Delivery A 10/31/2002 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 EB4207000 Hydrogen Education 0 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 352000 2008 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 56000 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 473000 2007 EB4207000 Hydrogen Education 7000 2007 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis -6000 2006 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 41000 2005 000EB4205 168000 2004 000EB4205 308000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Miller, James F. ANL P/BNL--11016 This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as appropriate the Technology Transfer and Science Education missions of the Department of Energy (DOE).Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), along with Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc. (EEA) and Power and Energy Analytic Resources Inc. (PEAR), will conduct an analysis of options and tradeoffs involved in the establishment of a hydrogen production infrastructure. The focus of the analysis will be on the competition between different production technologies with respect to hydrogen demand levels, technology costs, regional cost variations, and impact of hydrogen production on production feedstock prices. The analysis will describe alternative technological, regulatory and market scenarios and will calculate optimal solutions for energy system configuration and build-out over a time horizon as far out as 2050. The integrating framework will be the BNL MARKAL model, an energy-economic-environmental model that examines the entire energy system to the level of technological detail required by the analysis. The final report will discuss the key issues affecting development of a viable hydrogen infrastructure, including potential stranded assets and hydrogen production infrastructure bottlenecks and will provide detailed information for use in further targeted analyses.The results of the analysis will help the DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies (OHFCIT) to support the President s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative by providing information and analysis related to the development of a U.S. hydrogen production infrastructure. 01/19/2006 M&O 01/19/2006 Melucci, Richard C. 631-344-2911 Hydrogen Production Infrastructure Analysis A 10/01/2006 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5000 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 225000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) FRILEY, P BNL P/BNL--EST-383-NECA This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as appropriate the Technology Transfer and Science Education missions of the Department of Energy (DOE).Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), along with Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc. (EEA) and Power&Energy Analytic Resources Inc. (PEAR), will conduct an analysis of options and tradeoffs involved in the establishment of a hydrogen production infrastructure. The focus of the analysis will be on the competition between different production technologies with respect to hydrogen demand levels, technology costs, regional cost variations, and impact of hydrogen production on production feedstock prices. The analysis will describe alternative technological, regulatory and market scenarios and calculated optimal solutions for energy system configuration and build-out over time horizon as far out as 2050. The integrating framework will be the BNL MARKAL model, an energy-economic environmental model that examines the entire energy system to the level of technological detail required by the analysis. The final report will discuss the key issues affecting development of a viable hydrogen infrastructure, including potential stranded assets and hydrogen production infrastructure bottlenecks and will provide detailed information for use in further targeted analyses. The results of the analysis will help the DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies(OHFCIT) to support the Presidents Hydrogen Fuel Initiative by providing information and analysis related to the development of a U.S. hydrogen production infrastructure. 12/31/2007 M&O 12/31/2007 Melluci, Richard C. 631-344-2988 Hydrogen Production Infrastructure Analysis A 10/01/2008 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5077 2007 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 137219 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) FRILEY, P BNL P/INEEL--100637 09/30/2005 There is a large and growing demand for hydrogen in the United States and the rest of the world. A promising source of hydrogen is the use of process heat from a high temperature nuclear reactor to drive a set of chemical reactions that produce hydrogen. Preliminary evaluations have shown the sulfur iodine process can produce hydrogen with high efficiency when driven by the 850 to 950 degree Centigrade process heat from a Modular Helium Reactor. The sulfur-iodine process produces highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, by formation, decomposition, regeneration, and recycle of the reagents sulfuric acid and hydriodic acid.Preliminary economic assessments have shown that a Modular Helium Reactor driven sulfur-iodine plant can produce hydrogen economically, especially if the cost of natural gas increases because of increased demand. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is supporting General Atomics in San Diego to first define the plant functions and requirements, and then develop a conceptual design for a hydrogen production plant that integrates a Modular Helium Reactor sytem with a sulfur-iodine-cycle hydrogen production plant.Roll into Oracle Project 200076. 01/11/2005 M&O 01/12/2005 Harvego, Edwin A. hae@inel.gov 208-524-9544 Hydrogen Production Plant Using the Modular Helium Reactor D 09/02/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3885 2004 AF3510000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) 139265 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Harvego, Edwin A. INEEL P/INEEL--200076 09/30/2005 There is a large and growing demand for hydrogen in the United States and the rest of the world. A promising source of hydrogen is the use of process heat from a high temperature nuclear reactor to drive a set of chemical reactions that produce hydrogen. Preliminary evaluations have shown the sulfur iodine process can produce hydrogen with high efficiency when driven by the 850 to 950 degree Centigrade process heat from a Modular Helium Reactor. The sulfur-iodine process produces highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, by formation, decomposition, regeneration, and recycle of the reagents sulfuric acid and hydriodic acid.Preliminary economic assessments have shown that a Modular Helium Reactor driven sulfur-iodine plant can produce hydrogen economically, especially if the cost of natural gas increases because of increased demand. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is supporting General Atomics in San Diego to first define the plant functions and requirements, and then develop a conceptual design for a hydrogen production plant that integrates a Modular Helium Reactor sytem with a sulfur-iodine-cycle hydrogen production plant. 12/11/2003 M&O 01/12/2005 Harvego, Edwin A. hae@inel.gov 208-526-9544 Hydrogen Production Plant Using the Modular Helium Reactor D 09/02/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3885 2004 820101000 Transfers To Others 18753 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 ME USDOE Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation (ME) Peddicord, Kenneth Lee Texas A&M University Harvego, Edwin A. INEEL Shenoy, Arkal S. General Atomics P/INL--100635 The purpose of this project is to develop a new nuclear-energy-assisted plasma technology to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen is the strongest candidate to meet the world's energy needs without sacrificing the environment. If it can be produced, transported, and stored economically and cleanly in large quantities, hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in: automobiles and other personal transportation; industrial processes; distributed power applications. Sodium borohydride is a safe and concentrated hydrogen carrier compound and can store an impressive amount of hydrogen. For example, 1 liter of 44-weight percent sodium borohydride solution at 1 atmosphere can release about 130 grams of hydrogen. Sodium borohydride releases more hydrogen than other sources of hydrogen. In addition, sodium borohydride has a higher density of hydrogen than other sources. Sodium borohydride can be produced from sodium borate. However, to date no technology exists to do so economically. This project is developing a nuclear power assisted plasma technology to economically mass-produce sodium borohydride from sodium borate. 02/09/2006 M&O 02/09/2006 Gougar, Hans D 208-526-2760 Nuclear Energy Assisted Plasma Technology Production D 06/11/2003 INL Idaho National Laboratory (INL) www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2210 2005 AF3510000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) 9037 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Grandy, Jon D. INL Herring, J. Stephen INL Kong, Peter C. INL P/ID--FC07-00CH11031 02/28/2003 Molecular hydrogen is a combustible gas that is produced in great quantities by the chemical, petroleum, and glass industries-of-the-future (IOF). Additional applications include combustion engines and rockets, and emerging fuel cell technology with a broad range of applications including low-emission automobiles, trucks, and buses. There is an important need for rapid and accurate monitoring of hydrogen in these various IOF process streams. This program involves four partners: Penn State University (PSU), Sandia National Labs (SNL), Air Products and Chemicals (APCI), and DH Technology (DCHT). The technology being developed capitalized on previous DOE Defense Program research at SNL, in which PSU was a partner. Sensors based on this previous technology have been commercialized by DCHT, under a licensing agreement, for detection of hydrogen in inert, air, or vacuum environments. APCI has a need for inexpensive, rapid, reliable, and accurate hydrogen sensors and has facilities for testing prototype devices in commercial processes. Under the current project the team will work together to develop sensors capable of operation in more complex chemically reactive process stream environments where interaction of the hydrogen with the sensor's thin film is complicated by a multitude of competing complex chemical reactions. The work plan involves fabrication and testing of prototype metal alloy chemresistor devices in which electrical properties changed in direct proportion to the amount of hydrogen adsorbed. Sophisticated computer models at SNL will be used to predict such complex surface reactions, and these results will be compared to measured sensor device characteristics under simulated gas stream conditions for model verification and then use ofmodels for further thin film device development. APCI will do field-testing of the sensors in their hydrogen/carbon monoxide facility in Wilmington, CA and comparte the results of the prototype sensors with commercial sensors. DCHT will be providing the sensor measurement hardware and will commercialize new sensor products. 03/16/2001 COOP 02/06/2006 HERRIN,DAVID Solid State Chemical Sensors for Monitoring Hydrogen in IOF Process Streams 08/31/2000 ID Idaho Operations Office (ID) FC07-00CH11031 UNIVERSITY PARK 2005 NOBRINFOR 0 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2003 ED1904020 Sensors/Controls 82306 2002 ED1900000 Industries Of The Future (Crosscutting) 140194 2001 ED1900000 Industries Of The Future (Crosscutting) 100000 2000 ED1900000 Industries Of The Future (Crosscutting) 30000 PSA Plataforma Solar de Almeria EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) McGrath, Robert T. PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY mcgrath@psu.edu P/NETL--DE-FG26-99FT40682 09/29/2002 Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, a fully owned subsidiary of General Electric Power System Division, proposes development of an advanced process to produce high purity hydrogen (H2) and sequestration-ready carbon dioxide (CO2) from a Vision 21 syngas plant. Syngas can be produced from coal, natural gas, opportunity fuels or a combination of feedstocks. This means the resultant syngas can have a hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio as low as zero (pure carbon monoxide (CO)) to as high as 3:1. To economically process syngas into a stream of high purity hydrogen ready for polymer electron membrane (PEM) fuel cell use and into sequestration-ready CO2 is a formidable challenge for presently available technologies. The problem is not intractable but rather that achieving a total solution to the stated problem currently involves to much total cost in the form of shaft work and parasitic energy losses. This proposed technology takes whatever CO/H2 mixture is provided by a Vision 21 syngas plant and converts it, with the smallest possible thermodynamic penalty, into two major streams. One is high purity hydrogen and the other sequestration-ready CO2. This is accomplished in a circulating fluid bed reactor system employing a solid-phase oxygen carrier and a solid-phase carbon dioxide absorber. In this system, syngas and steam are introduced into the reactor where CO participates in the water-gas shift reaction to produce additional H2 and also reacts with the solid-phase oxygen carrier to form CO2. The CO2 is absorbed on the reactor bed. The gas stream exiting the reactor then consists of high purity hydrogen in steam. The hydrogen stream produced in this way could in principal be 99.996% pure. The depleted oxygen carrier and CO2 absorbers are transferred to a regenerator where the oxygen carrier is oxidized in a highly exothermic reaction that provides the needed enthalpy to desorb the CO2 from the absorber. The gas stream leaving the regenerator contains steam and CO2. The initial development program will be conducted over 3 years culminating in a demonstration of a sub-scale pilot plant. The program will involve laboratory evaluation of each subprocess, engineering analysis and economic feasibility of the process, material evaluation of solid-phase bed characteristics, and pilot plant design, fabrication and demonstration. This technology promises to meet DOE's goal of $15/ton cost for CO2 capture and sequestration while at the same time producing a hydrogen stream sufficiently pure for specific applications in the potentially high-growth hydrogen economy. 02/15/2000 COOP 02/15/2000 0 Krastman, Don krastman@fetc.doe.gov (412) 386-4720 Simultaneous Production of High Purity Hydrogen and Sequestration-Ready CO2 from Syngas 09/24/1999 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null NONE 92618 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 0 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Krastman, Don GE - Energy and Environmental Research Corporation P/SRTC--01L2500025 09/30/2001 This work was initiated to support revision of the DDF-1 OSA to expand the allowed contents of the DDF-1 to include materials that liberate hydrogen gas without extensive characterization or moisture analysis of the materials. SRTC performed laboratory testing in an actual DDF-1 primary containment vessel to demonstrate that implementation of a hydrogen getter in the DDF-1 shipping package would support on-site transfers of radioactive materials by preventing build-up of hydrogen gas within the shipping container. The hydrogen getter was an assembly of commercially available polymer hydrogen getter and molecular sieve contained in a porous nylon packaging. The getter assembly was shown to maintain the hydrogen concentration below one volume percent in both air and nitrogen atmospheres and was capable of removing 1.5 times the amount of hydrogen that would be generated in a 30-day shipping period. 03/07/2002 M&O 04/04/2002 Blancett, Allen L 803-725-3546 Implementation of Hydrogen Getter in the DDF-1 Shipping Package B 10/01/2000 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 29808-0001 2001 EW4000000 Technology Development 10 EW40 EM USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) P/CH--FG02-93ER81625 02/17/1997 Palladium-coated refractory-metal membranes are being developed for hydrogen extraction from chemical industry gas mixtures. The need for better hydrogen extraction membranes is particularly severe in refineries for the production of low air-pollution gasoline. Palladium-based membranes have been used for decades in hydrogen extraction because they combine high permeability and good surface properties, and because as with all metals, they are 100% hydrogen selective. Several stronger, cheaper refractory metals have higher permeabilities than palladium, but have poor surface properties that ordinarily reduce transport. When the tubes of these metals are coated with palladium the surface barriers are removed. Hydrogen fluxes exceed 1300 scft/m{sup 2}atm{sup .5}hr at 420 {degree}C, more than 20 times greater than available with palladium and greater than with polymers or comparable ceramics. The selectivity remains 100%. Such membranes have run for as long as 10,000 hrs in nuclear trials and for 31 days in phase I. Phase II takes these membranes towards chemical industry commercialization by demonstrating an 18" module and by demonstrating nonfouling operation and longevity with industrial gas mixtures, and with pressure and temperature transients. These membranes should be economical for producing reformulated gasoline, for membrane reactors, and for producing ultrahigh purity hydrogen, e.g. for mobile, solid-state fuel cells. 09/11/1993 GRANT 01/07/2003 MARIANEUI, ROVERT S IMPROVED COATED-METAL HYDROGEN ESTRACTION MEMBRANES 09/08/1993 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-93ER81625 EAST LANSING 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 1997 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 335229 1996 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 335230 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Buxbaum, R.E. REB RESEARCH CONSULTING P/INEEL--100755 10/01/2005 The most promising near-term solution for generating hydrogen is to use the feedstock that refineries have been employing for decades, natural gas. To realize a greenhouse gas free hydrogen economy, carbon dioxide must be sequestered or not produced. The catalytic decomposition of methane offers a promising path for economical, environmentally sound production of hydrogen without the generation of carbon dioxide.This research project will examine methane decomposition for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon, and will accomplish the following tasks: Experimental System modifications and approvals to allow for overnight catalyst testing; catalyst optimization for the purpose of increasing hydrogen yields; extended catalyst testing for up to one full week of continuous hydrogen production using promising catalysts developed in this study; energy and mass balances calculations using a process simulation code such as ASPEN Plus to estimate energy conversion efficiencies and compare those to steam reforming; Technology protection, communication and transfer for the purpose of transferring the technology to industry. 01/11/2005 M&O Efforts in Fiscal Year 2005 will focus on catalyst optimization for the purpose of increasing hydrogen yields; extended catalyst testing for up to one full week of continuous hydrogen production using promising catalysts developed in this study; and, energy and mass balances calculations using a process simulation code such as ASPEN Plus to estimate energy conversion efficiencies and compare those to steam reforming. 01/12/2005 Ginosar, Daniel M. dmg@inel.gov 208-526-9049 Catalytic Methane Decomposition for Carbon Dioxide Free Hydrogen Production A 08/01/2004 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2208 2004 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 2422 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Ginosar, Daniel M. INEEL P/INL--100755 This research project examines methane decomposition for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon, and accomplishes the following tasks: experimental system modifications and approvals to allow for overnight catalyst testing; catalyst optimization for the purpose of increasing hydrogen yields; extended catalyst testing for up to one full week of continuous hydrogen production using promising catalysts developed in this study; energy and mass balances calculations using a process simulation code such as ASPEN Plus to estimate energy conversion efficiencies and compare those to steam reforming; Technology protection, communication and transfer for the purpose of transferring the technology to industry. The most promising near-term solution for generating hydrogen is to use the feedstock that refineries have been employing for decades: natural gas. To realize a greenhouse-gas-free hydrogen economy, carbon dioxide must be sequestered or not produced. The catalytic decomposition of methane offers a promising path for economical, environmentally sound production of hydrogen without the generation of carbon dioxide. 02/09/2006 M&O 12/15/2006 Ginosar, Daniel M 208-526-9049 Catalytic Methane Decomposition for Carbon Dioxide Free Hydrogen Production A 08/17/2004 INL Idaho National Laboratory (INL) www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2208 2006 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 3491 2005 AA1035000 Transportation Fuels and Chemicals 119069 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Ginosar, Daniel M. INL P/NREL--HY01 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research and development in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical projects, as well as development and scale-up of thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials with extended lifetimes. NREL performs systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee and Operating Agent for Annex 13, and provides technical experts for other annexes. NREL also serves as the technical liaison to the International Gas Union's Hydrogen Study Group. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel, and provides technical expertise to the Panel in Scenario Planning and Infrastructure issues. 03/06/2002 M&O 12/17/2003 Sverdrup, George george_sverdrup@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen Program - FY01 - HY01 D 10/01/2000 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 1212 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 647254.77 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 5253146.57 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY02 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research and development in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical projects, as well as development and scale-up of thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials with extended lifetimes. NREL performs systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee and Operating Agent for Annex 13, and provides technical experts for other annexes. NREL also serves as the technical liaison to the International Gas Union�s Hydrogen Study Group. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel, and provides technical expertise to the Panel in Scenario Planning and Infrastructure issues. 03/05/2003 M&O 02/03/2006 Sverdrup, George george_sverdrup@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen Program - FY02 - HY02 D 10/01/2001 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 13983 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 256474 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 6154755.71 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY03 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research and development in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical projects, as well as development and scale-up of thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials with extended lifetimes. NREL performs systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee and Operating Agent for Annex 13, and provides technical experts for other annexes. NREL also serves as the technical liaison to the International Gas Union�s Hydrogen Study Group. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel, and provides technical expertise to the Panel in Scenario Planning and Infrastructure issues. 12/04/2003 M&O 01/14/2005 Sverdrup, George george_sverdrup@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen, Fuel Cells Infrastr. - HY03 D 10/01/2002 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 1029036 2004 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 7414183 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 7414183 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY04 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research and development in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical projects, as well as development and scale-up of thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials with extended lifetimes. NREL performs systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee and Operating Agent for Annex 13, and provides technical experts for other annexes. NREL also serves as the technical liaison to the International Gas Unions Hydrogen Study Group. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel, and provides technical expertise to the Panel in Scenario Planning and Infrastructure issues. 01/14/2005 M&O 01/16/2008 Sverdrup, George sverdrup_george@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen, Fuel Cells&Infrastructure Technologies - FY04 D 09/01/2003 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2007 EB4206150 Solar-Powered Thermo-Chemical Production of Hydrog 1910 2007 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 1071 2007 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 1109 2007 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 0 2007 EB4202000 Storage R&D 2302 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 994 2007 EB4206210 HI Hydrogen Ctr for Dev & Deploy of Dist Ene Sys 19725 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 2583 2006 EB4206210 HI Hydrogen Ctr for Dev & Deploy of Dist Ene Sys 0 2006 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 8370 2006 EB4206150 Solar-Powered Thermo-Chemical Production of Hydrog 0 2006 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 3016 2006 EB4202000 Storage R&D 45886 2005 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 25653 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 151540 2005 EB4206210 HI Hydrogen Ctr for Dev & Deploy of Dist Ene Sys 206503 2005 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 366460 2005 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 183120 2005 EB4202000 Storage R&D 370517 2004 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 542395 2004 EB4206210 HI Hydrogen Ctr for Dev & Deploy of Dist Ene Sys 12920 2004 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 89051 2004 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 1478523 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 2793390 2004 EB4202000 Storage R&D 1710781 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/OR--FG05-94ER81888 03/10/1995 Bimodal space nuclear power systems that combine both thermal propulsion and electric power generation capabilities in a single integrated power and propulsion platform have recently emerged as strong candidates for future military and commercial space applications. For propulsion, the reactor heats hydrogen that is exhausted through a nozzle to provide propulsive thrust. Thermal energy from the reactor is also converted to electricity by in-core or out-of-core energy converters. One issue of concern in a bimodal system is the potential for hydrogen permeation into energy conversion components. At bimodal reactor temperatures, hydrogen will permeate through the refractory metal structures, degrading the operational capabilities of in-core thermionic converters, or heat pipes used to transmit heat from the reactor to the out-of-core energy converters. This program will develop and demonstrate a hydrogen permeation barrier using a trilayer assembly with a thermally conductive porous powder metal layer between two containment walls. Hydrogen that permeates through the first containment wall is vented from the porous powder metal to the vacuum of space prior to permeation into critical components. Hydrogen permeation resistant coatings will also be evaluated. 08/02/1994 GRANT 10/11/1995 Warren, J.W. 301-903-6491 Hydrogen Permeation Barriers for Bimodal Reactors 08/15/1994 OR Oak Ridge Operations Office FG05-94ER81888 Development Division;780 Eden Road Lancaster 17601 1995 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 141650 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Hartenstine, J.R. Thermacore, Inc. P/ORNL--CEEB034 Development for mass production of a low cost solid state hydrogen sensor will promote the long-term goal of the Hydrogen Program to encourage industry's acceptance and implementation of renewable energy-based technologies. Accompanying the Program efforts to develop production, storage, transport, and utilization technologies is the need to detect and pinpoint hydrogen leaks to protect personnel, infrastructure, and equipment. The hydrogen sensor, developed at ORNL, is potentially well suited to meet cost and performance objectives for many safety- and monitoring-related applications. Under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement and license agreement, we are teaming with a private company, DCH Technology, Inc., to develop the sensor for specific market applications related to the hydrogen economy application. The demonstration and commercialization of this sensor will greatly improve the market acceptance of hydrogen as a viable energy vector. 11/30/1997 M&O 03/12/2001 FY2001-0;FY2002-0 Lauf, Robert J, LAUFRJ@ornl.gov 865-574-5176 Development of Low Cost Hydrogen Sensors - CRADAX96-0544 B 10/27/1997 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 37831 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 32977 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 192368 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 117293 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 777 EB EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Hoffheins, Barbara S ORNL Lauf, Robert J ORNL P/ANL--001585 This project focuses on the development of mixed protonic/electronic conductors to be used in the form of dense ceramic membranes to separate hydrogen from other gaseous components (e.g., syngas, coal gas, etc.). Converting coal and natural gas to liquid fuels requires the means for separating hydrogen from product streams to favorably shift reaction equilibria. Proton-conductor membranes are of interest to DOE because they provide a simple, cost-effective method for separating hydrogen from mixed streams, allowing more efficient management of hydrogen supplies and thereby improving the economics of converting domestic coal and natural gas reserves to liquid fuels. The work involved investigations to identify materials with suitable electronic and protonic conductivities, followed by the development of methods for fabricating thin, dense ceramic membranes from such materials. Potential candidate materials were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for hydrogen separation. To maximize the hydrogen flux density, the electronic conductivity needs to be enhanced. Further development of proton-conducting ceramic membranes is conducted under project P/ANL--001986. 11/18/1996 M&O 12/03/1998 Schmalzer, D.K. schmalzer@anl.gov 630-252-7723 Development of Proton-Conducting Ceramic Membranes B 01/01/1996 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439 1998 AA1010050 73000 1997 AA1010050 304000 1996 AA1010050 74000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/ANL--002325 A hydrogen economy could take a number of forms. The fuel cell vehicle could be the centerpiece of a hydrogen economy. Alternative forms of a hydrogen economy could feature coal-derived hydrogen used to hydro treat petroleum, resulting in much cleaner transportation fuels and potentially greater yield per barrel of petroleum input (because coal is also a primary energy input for the process). The combination of greater petroleum yield and more efficient transportation vehicles would substantially reduce oil imports. Carbon emissions could be greatly reduced if carbon dioxide, separated during coal gasification, were sequestered. The purpose of this project is to undertake a study and prepare a report that (1) defines several hydrogen economy scenarios, including driver conditions and regulatory requirements; (2) characterizes the technology configurations embodied in each scenario; and (3) estimates investment expenditures, natural gas and coal prices, energy use, criteria air pollutant emissions, carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions, other costs and benefits, and macroeconomic impacts for consumption and gross domestic product. The All-Modular Industry Growth Assessment (AMIGA) model will be used to analyze and simulate the scenarios. AMIGA model documentation will also be provided. One scenario will be a "middle case" or reference scenario that will represent a business as usual projection. This case will track the EIA Annual Energy Outlook baseline projection through its projection horizon. Scenarios will examine economic developments over approximately a 40-year period. Key technologies in the scenarios are advanced efficient, low-emitting vehicles such as fuel cell and hybrid vehicles; processes to manufacture, distribute, and store hydrogen; processes to capture and sequester carbon from coal gasification, and processes to produce ultra-clean transportation liquid fuels. 01/06/2003 M&O 10/14/2009 Schmalzer, D.K. cirillor@anl.gov 630-252-7723 Advanced Coal Technologies Economics A 10/31/2000 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 21000 2007 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 62000 2007 AA3010000 Greenhouse Gas Control 129000 2006 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 5000 2005 000AA1035 111000 2004 000AA2530 2000 2003 AA2530000 Innovative Concepts 41000 2003 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 1000 2002 AA2530000 Innovative Concepts 7000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Schmalzer, David K. ANL P/ANL--002704 Argonne National Laboratory will work with a team consisting of RCF Economic and Financial Consulting, Inc., Jack Faucett Associates, and TIAX LLC to model the employment impacts of a hydrogen economy. Argonne will be responsible for characterizing hydrogen production and delivery technologies as a series of labor and dollar flows among economic sectors to provide the basis for modifying input/output coefficients of national and regional economic models. Technologies to be addressed include centralized hydrogen production from coal, natural gas, and nuclear technologies and delivery via compressed gas trucks, liquid trucks, and pipelines. This work will utilize the Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model, hydrogen production models developed for the H2Aproject, and spreadsheet tools developed by TIAX, one of our project partners. 12/14/2006 M&O 10/14/2009 Daniels, E.J. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5279 Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the U.S. A 10/31/2004 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 HI0300000 Stack Component R&D 5000 2007 HI0300000 Stack Component R&D 23000 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 15000 2006 HI0300000 Stack Component R&D 77000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Daniels, Edward J. ANL P/BNL--2010-BNL-BO130-BUDG Complex metal hydrides have the potential of satisfying the need for lightweight hydrogen storage materials with hydrogen capacities and absorption/release kinetics adequate for automotive applications. However, among this large class of hydrogen-rich compounds, only one material - sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4) - has been demonstrated to reversibly store and release hydrogen at moderate ambient conditions. Empirically, doping with small amounts of titanium was identified as a key element in achieving fast reversible hydrogen storage. This interdisciplinary research program focuses on identifying the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying the facile reactions between NaAlH4 and its depleted phase (NaH, Al), with particular emphasis on identifying the role of dopants. Combining high-resolution surface imaging and spectroscopy on well-defined model systems, and in close collaboration with first-principles theory and numerical modeling, fundamental questions regarding hydrogen dissociation, mass transport, and reaction kinetics are addressed. The resulting understanding of reversible hydrogen storage in NaAlH4, gained from this research, will provide rational criteria for a systematic screening for novel complex metal hydride storage materials with optimized properties. The program makes extensive use of a unique suite of nanoscale surface imaging techniques available at Brookhaven's Center for Functional Nanomaterials, such as variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at elevated gas pressures, in-situ low-energy electron microscopy and synchrotron photoemission microscopy. Extensive computational resources, spectroscopy, advanced synthesis, and synchrotron-based analysis are available. 12/19/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Melucci, Richard C. 631-344-2911 Atomistic Transport Mechanisms in Reversible Complex Metal Hydrides B 10/01/2009 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5000 2008 KC0202020 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics 715287 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Sutter, Peter BNL P/BNL--BO-130 Complex metal hydrides have the potential of satisfying the need for light-weight hydrogen storage materials with hydrogen capacities and absorption/release kinetics adequate for automotive applications. However, among this large class of hydrogen-rich compounds, only one material - sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4) - has been demonstrated to reversibly incorporate and release hydrogen at moderate ambient conditions. Empirically, doping with small amounts of titanium was identified as a key element in achieving reversible hydrogen storage. The interdisciplinary program of fundamental research described here focuses on identifying the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying the facile, reversible solid-state reaction between hydrogen-rich NaAlH4 and its depleted phase consisting of NaH and Al. Via the combination of high-resolution surface imaging and spectroscopy on well defined model systems, and in close collaboration with first-principles theory and numerical modeling, key questions regarding the mechanism of hydrogen dissociation, mass transport, and reaction kinetics are addressed, with particular emphasis on identifying the role of transition metal dopants. From the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underlying reversible hydrogen storage in NaAlH4, gained from this research, a set of rational criteria will be derived as the basis for a systematic screening for novel complex metal hydride storage materials with properties superior to those of NaAlH4.The program makes extensive use of a unique suite of nanoscale surface imaging techniques available at Brookhavens Center for Functional Nanomaterials, such as energy-filtered scanning tunneling microscopy, in-situ lowener gyelectron microscopy and synchrotron photoemission microscopy. Extensive computational resources, spectroscopy, advanced synthesis, and synchrotron-based analysis are available. 01/11/2007 M&O 12/31/2007 Melluci, Richard C. 631-344-2929 Atomistic Transport Mechanisms in Reversible Complex Metal Hydrides. B 10/01/2008 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5018 2007 KC0202020 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics 771280 2006 KC0202020 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics 877851 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Sutter, Peter BNL P/CH--FG02-97ER62506 11/14/2000 Integrated assessment modeling requires the prediction of energy use and corresponding greenhouse gas emission for decades into the future. Extrapolations of current patterns with incremental changes is easy relative to predicting regime changes, but incremental changes are not likely to be very accurate in the long term. A serious shortcoming of integrated assessment models is their incomplete portrayal of "backstop technologies," which are generally considered to be relatively large supplies of energy unavailable today because their high cost or yet-to-be proven technology. This research project will investigate the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, especially with concommitment capture and sequestration of carbon or carbon dioxide. A significant advantage is that fossil fuel resources could have their life extended. The research will address four tasks. Task 1 will be to create a "wiring diagram" of the hydrogen economy. This will attempt to "set the scene," much as Francis Bretherton's wiring diagram of climate system established a common understanding for the global climate change community. Task 2 will be to use the information that will be presented in a forthcoming workshop, Technological Opportunities for Fuels Decarbonization and Carbon Sequestration to be held July 28-29 in Washington, D.C., that is supported by DOE and organized by Professor Socolow on this general subject. Additionally, funding for the proposed research will support further workshops to be held on the same theme. Task 3 will be to study more deeply hydrogen management. This research will especially concentrate on hydrogen management and hydrogen utilization, particularly fuel cells. Task 4 will be to coordinate with the integrated assessment modeling community by providing information to improve their representation of these backstop technologies. 12/07/1997 GRANT 01/07/2003 JOHN C. HOUGHTON THE SYMBIOSIS OF CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION AND HYDROGEN FUEL-WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE LONG TERM GLOBAL ENERGY 09/11/1997 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-97ER62506 PRINCETON 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 2000 KP0000000 Biological And Environmental Research 60000 1999 NOBRINFOR 0 1998 KP1204020 148499 1997 KP0000000 BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 149279 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) ROBERTH. SOCOLOW PRINCETON UNIVERSITY P/FETC-PGH--FG22-93PC93213 09/02/1996 The objective of this proposed work is to characterize the concentration, thermal stability, and reactivity of hydrogen adsorbed on carbon during gasification in hydrogen/steam mixtures. Studies will be conducted using both Saran char and coal char in uncatalyzed and K2CO3-catalyzed gasification with D2O/D2 mixtures as gasifying agents. The proposed research focuses on actual measurement of hydrogen adsorbed onto carbon during gasification and this relationship to gasification rate. The potential for reducing hydrogen inhibition in gasification by reaction of adsorbed hydrogen with molecular oxygen will be studied, and the extent of actual rate enhancement achieved by oxidation during steam gasification will be determined. 11/17/1995 GRANT 11/18/1995 GEISBRECHT,RODNEY 304 291 4658 RATE INHIBITION OF STEAM GASIFICATION BY ABSORBED HYDROGEN B 09/03/1993 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov FG22-93PC93213 East Lansing 48824 1995 AA1525050 51208 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/GO--FC36-97GO10134 10/31/2000 The objective of this project is to investigate a new approach for the production, transmission and storage of hydrogen. In the proposed approach, a metal hydride/organic slurry is used as the hydrogen carrier and storage media. At the point of storage and use, a metal hydride/water reaction is used to produce high-purity hydrogen. An essential feature of the approach is the recovery and recycle of the spent hydride at centralized processing plants, resulting in a low cost. The approach has two clear benefits: it greatly improves energy transmission and storage characteristics of hydrogen as a fuel, and produces the hydrogen carrier efficiently and economically from a low cost carbon source. In the project's first year, a detailed investigation of key aspects of the proposed approach will be undertake, principally through technical and economic analyses and laboratory-scale experiments. In the second and third year, the critical steps in the process will be demonstrated with bench-scale equipment and an in-depth technical and economic evaluation of the process will be performed. The infrastructure required to implement the proposed approach for transmission and storage of hydrogen will also be evaluated, and a screnario will be developed for its implementation. COOP 01/07/2003 HOOKER, DOUG Develop of Hydroen Transmission/Storage with a Metal Hydride/Organic Slurry 03/27/1997 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-97GO10134 WALTHAM 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 250000 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 125000 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 97000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Breault, Ronald Thermo Power Corporation P/GO--FC36-98GO10340 09/30/1999 Energy Partners will develop an integrated renewable hydrogen fuel cell power system in cooperation with Treadwell Corporation, Trace Engineering, Florida Solar Energy Center, Gee & Jensen Engineering, and the Perry Foundation. The integrated hydrogen energy system will consist of an electrolyzer, hydrogen and oxygen storage systems, fuel cell system and controller/power conditioning unit. the system may be used in connection with any renewable power source, such as a photovoltaic array, solar thermal power plant, wind turbine, small hydro power plant or geothermal power plant. The system will use excess electrical power, during periods when power generated exceeds power needed to produce hydrogen and oxygen. During the periods when the power needed exceeds the power produced from renewable energy sources, pwoer will be produced by the fuel cell. In addition, hydrogen porduced may be used as a fuel for vehicles or boats. The proposed system is targeted for application is remote locations and island communities, but possibilities for grid integration will be investigated as well. COOP 02/23/2005 HOOKER, DOUG Integrated Renewable Hydrogen Utility System 04/10/1998 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-98GO10340 WEST PALM BEACH 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D -29440 2002 NOBRINFOR 0 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 29440 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 91776 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Barbir, Frano N/A P/INEEL--100743 09/30/2005 The Nuclear Hydrogen Initative is developing hydrogen production technologies to be coupled with an advanced nuclear energy system being developed as part of the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative. The Idaho National Environmental Engineering Laboratory, with support from Argonne National Laboratory-West, will coordinate the identification and assessment of technical issues associated with the reactor/hydrogen plant interface, process heat exchangers, as well as infrastructure and balance of plant.This includes completing engineering analysis to determine hydrogen production plant and nuclear plant physical separation requirements, perform thermal-hydraulic analysis of heat transfer fluid requirements and characteristics for coupling a hydrogen production plant to a high temperature nuclear reactor, complete engineering analysis of intermediate loop and process loop heat exchanger requirements to include configuration analysis, materials requirements and experimental efforts as required. 01/11/2005 M&O 01/12/2005 Park, Charles V. park@inel.gov 208-526-1091 Nuclear Hydrogen Initative System Interface Supporting System D 10/01/2004 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3750 2004 AF3800000 Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative 57516 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Park, Charles V. INEEL P/LANL--LA95C10246 08/15/1997 LANL Hydrogen-Fueled PEM Fuel Cells for Stationary Power Generation LAUR-97-594 This project is devoted to demonstration of low cost, high efficiency polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells fueled by hydrogen. This is in the general strategic context of a future energy technology based on hydrogen as an efficient, renewable and environmentally benign fuel. The fuel cell is the most efficient device for the conversion of hydrogen fuel to electric power. As such, it represents a key element in efforts to demonstrate and implement hydrogen fuel utilization for electric power generation. A central objective of this LANL/Industry collaborative program is to integrate PEM fuel cell related technologies of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and of H Power Corporation (H Power), in order to develop a low-cost/high-performance hydrogen/air fuel cell stack for the generation of electric power. Plans for first demonstration include small scale "neighborhood vehicles" and remote site reliable stationary power sources, both requiring power levels of 1-5, kW.87545 Shimshon Gottesfeld 87545 01/06/1998 CRADA BLAIR LARRY STEVEN lblair@lanl.gov 505-667-1936 HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS 01/19/1995 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM www.lanl.gov W-7405-ENG-36 Los Alamos 87545-0000 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 189363 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) GOTTESFELD S LANL P/LLNL--EEW--0007 LLNL is working in several hydrogen research areas including production,storage, distribution, and utilization technologies in an effort to bring renewable energy to the marketplace.The proposed continuing pro- jects include Hydrogen production from waste feedstock,glass microspherestorage,kinetic modeling of H2 applications,and development of regenera-tive fuel cell systems based on hydrogen/oxygen & hydrogen/halogen chem- istries.New project proposals include development of a renewable power system for an isolated Arctic community,develop an insulated pressure vessel for hydrogen storage on vehicles,develop a process to produce H2 via a high efficiency steam electrolyzer,& produce aerogels to store H2. 11/08/1995 M&O 11/18/1997 FY1998-4786000;FY1999-6279000 SCHOCK,R.N. 510-422-6199 HYDROGEN PROGRAM 10/01/1993 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA www.llnl.gov W-7405-ENG-48 Livermore 94550-9900 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 1100000 1996 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 19000 1995 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 1415000 1995 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 0 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Smith,J. Ray LLNL Westbrook,Charles K LLNL Wallman,Henrik LLNL P/NREL--H274 This effort is to conduct performance- based tests and modeling to validate technical requirements in domestic and international hydrogen standards for hydrogen systems components such as tanks, nozzles, valves, hoses, and sensors. Conduct Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for selected, high-risk events involving commercial hydrogen infrastructure development and to facilitate the development of risk-informed codes and standards. Develop a collaborative international effort to establish a comprehensive framework for experimental and modeling work on hydrogen behavior in accident scenarios and link the project to the EC_s HySafe and IEA Hydrogen Annex 19. Conduct benefit/cost analysis of the development of risk-informed hydrogen codes and standards, versus a business as usual baseline. 01/16/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Bob Noun Bob_Noun@nrel.gov 303-275-3062 CODES&STANDARDS - FY07 - EB4204 D 10/01/2006 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 130716 2008 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 2881629 2008 EB4209000 Fuel Cell Stack Component R&D 360509 2007 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 1590742 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 89092 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY00 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical, as well as thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials that can withstand multiple cycles. NREL is responsible for the performance of systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee, Operating Agent for Annex 13, and experts in Annexes 13, 14, and 15. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel. 03/16/2001 M&O 12/17/2003 Sverdrup, George george_sverdrup@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen Program - FY00 - HY00 D 10/01/1999 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 9358 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 2993.7 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 350066.76 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 4523576.53 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY61 The overall goal of the renewable hydrogen program is to provide the technology base to develop the scientific and practical viability of producing hydrogen for energy-related applications from renewable or abundant resources. The products of the program will provide sufficient information to allow the private sector to evaluate and initiate commercialization of the best technical approaches. As the technologies mature, reduction in the required capital cost and improvements in system efficiencies should allow hydrogen to be produced at prices that will penetrate lower priced markets and ultimately fuels markets. Reductions in costs of hydrogen production will also be complemented by improvements in storage, distribution, and use. The technological approaches under investigation by this program as a means of producing hydrogen directly from renewable resources and solar energy are photobiology and photoelectrolysis. Each technology has unique technical barriers to commercial application. Storage of hydrogen has been identified as an important component of theprogram.� 11/27/1996 M&O 10/14/2009 Bob Noun Bob_Noun@nrel.gov 303-275-3062 HFCIT - PRODUCTION&DELIVERY - EB4201 D 10/01/2005 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 12611 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 437152 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 1303448 1997 EE0603000 2701 1997 AR0000000 -31890 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 290883 1996 AR0000000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 3292293 1996 35AR00000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH 5810 1996 EE5302000 22299 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY71 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical, as well as thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials that can withstand multiple cycles. NREL is responsible for the performance of systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee, Operating Agent for Annex 13, and experts in Annexes 13, 14, and 15. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel. 11/22/1997 M&O 12/15/2006 Gregoire Padro, Catherine 303-275-2919 HYDROGEN B 10/01/1998 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 46452 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 12022.33 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 59294 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 330973 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 2687408 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY81 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical, as well as thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials that can withstand multiple cycles. NREL is responsible for the performance of systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee, Operating Agent for Annex 13, and experts in Annexes 13, 14, and 15. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel. 12/07/1998 M&O 03/16/2001 Gregoire Padro, Catherine 303-275-2919 HYDROGEN NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC02-83CH10093 80401-3393 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 6731.08 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 238257 1998 EB42Y8000 3204984 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/NREL--HY91 The NREL Hydrogen Program performs basic and applied research in the production, storage, and detection of hydrogen. Production research includes photobiological and photoelectrochemical, as well as thermochemical production projects. Advanced carbon storage research focuses on the use of carbon nanostructures for ambient temperature storage. The hydrogen sensor project is focused on the development of robust sensor materials that can withstand multiple cycles. NREL is responsible for the performance of systems and process analyses in support of the DOE Hydrogen Program. NREL participates in the International Energy Agency, serving as the Secretariat of the Executive Committee, Operating Agent for Annex 13, and experts in Annexes 13, 14, and 15. NREL is also responsible for the coordination of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel. 02/10/2000 M&O 03/16/2001 Gregoire Padro, Catherine 303-275-2919 HYDROGEN NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC02-83CH10093 80401-3393 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 11085.68 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 3538265 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/NREL--IP44 The overall goal of the renewable hydrogen program is to provide the technology base to develop the scientific and practical viability of producing hydrogen for energy-related applications from renewable or abundant resources. The products of the program will provide sufficient information to allow the private sector to evaluate and initiate commercialization of the best technical approaches. As the technologies mature, reduction in the required capital cost and improvements in system efficiencies should allow hydrogen to be produced at prices that will penetrate lower priced markets and ultimately fuels markets. Reductions in costs of hydrogen production will also be complemented by improvements in storage, distribution, and use. The technological approaches under investigation by this program as a means of producing hydrogen directly from renewable resources and solar energy are photobiology and photoelectrolysis. Each technology has unique technical barriers to commercial application. Storage of hydrogen has been identified as an important component of the program. 11/15/1995 M&O 11/27/1996 PETERSEN, GENE R. 303-275-2994 AICD-BIOLOGICAL & CHEMICSL TECHNOLOGIES A NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC02-83CH10093 Golden 80401-3393 1996 ED2302000 177903 1995 ED2302000 518476 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/OAK--FG03-99SF21888 09/30/2002 Hydrogen is an environmentally attractive transportation fuel which has the potential to displace fossil fuels. If the hydrogen is produced using energy derived from fossil fuels, there is little or no environmental damage. The objective of this work is to define an economically feasible concept for the production of hydrogen, by nuclear means, using an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor as the energy source. Hydrogen production by thermochemical watersplitting, a chemical process which accomplished the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen using only heat or a combination of heat and electrolysis instead of pure electrolysis, meets these goals. Thermochemical watersplitting cycles (hundreds) have been known for the past 35 years but substantially neglected in the U.S. for the past 10 years. Cycles with proven low cost and high efficiency have yet to be developed. All the cycles available will be screened using objective criteria and analyzed considering the latest improvement in materials of construction and membrance separation technologies. One cycle will be selected for integration into the advanced nuclear reactor system. The required flowsheets will be developed and preliminary engineering estimates of size and cost will be made. 02/16/2000 GRANT 12/05/2008 KATZ ARTHUR HIGH EFFICIENCY GENERATION OF HYDROGEN FUELS USING NUCLEAR POWER GENERAL ATOMICS PROPSAN DNO. 99-0238 07/16/1999 OAK Oakland Operations Office null FG03-99SF21888 SAN DIEGO 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2002 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 131039.01 2001 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 301949.99 2000 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 182189.08 1999 AF3500000 Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 218627 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) NONE GENERAL ATOMICS P/ORNL--CEEB016 09/30/2020 Energy systems of the mid- to late-21st century will have to be cleaner and much more efficient, flexible, and reliable than theyare today in order to ensure our nation's energy security and environmental viability. Hydrogen is a potential answer to satisfyingmany of our energy needs while reducing (and eventually eliminating) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. The firststeps toward a clean energy future will build on the established commercial processes and systems in use today. A range of advancedtechnologies to produce, store, transport, and use hydrogen are already under development. The goal of the ORNL HydrogenTechnologies Research project is to work jointly with U.S. industry to create the technology base needed for development of safe,cost effective hydrogen energy technologies that support and foster the transition to a hydrogen economy. T his project seeks todevelop technologies related to both hydrogen production, delivery, and storage. 11/30/1997 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 3070000;FY2010- 2622000;FY2011- 2655000 Stinton, David P STINTONDP@ORNL.GOV 865-574-4556 Hydrogen, Fuel Cell,&Infrastructure Technologies B 10/01/1994 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 566948 2008 EB4210000 Technology Validation 35676 2008 EB4214000 Manufacturing R&D 277970 2008 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 12366 2008 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 122762 2008 EB4202000 Storage R&D 2225323 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 1876344 2008 EB4213000 Fuel Processor R&D 232371 2008 EB4209000 Fuel Cell Stack Component R&D 3579078 2008 EB4207000 Hydrogen Education 396550 2007 EB4208000 451003 2007 EB4201000 1207213 2007 EB4210000 260309 2007 EB4214000 269486 2007 EB4203000 124027 2007 EB4209000 1087081 2007 EB4202000 820057 2007 EB4204000 2906 2007 EB4207000 168895 2006 EB4202000 Storage R&D 639113 2006 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 220723 2006 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 50406 2006 EB4207000 Hydrogen Education 19596 2006 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 245600 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 576096 2005 EB4202000 Storage R&D 752650 2005 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 230784 2005 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 197470 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 1019728 2004 EB4205000 Education and Cross-Cutting Analysis 3458 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 515259 2004 EB4202000 Storage R&D 400490 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 90600 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 419482 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 12489 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 196 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 46 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 3816 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 44867 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Smith, Barton ORNL Schmoyer, Richard L ORNL Pawel, Steven J ORNL Geohegan, David B ORNL More, Karren Leslie ORNL Leiby, Paul Newsome ORNL P/ORNL--ERKCS87 09/30/2018 This work is a joint experimental and theoretical study that focuses on establishing the fundamental underpinnings for chemicaladsorption, dissociation, absorption, diffusion, and recombination of gaseous species on quantum-mechanically confined films andalloys of light metal elements with specific emphasis on hydrogen. The goal is (1) to obtain atomic- and molecular-levelunderstanding of the physical and chemical processes involved in hydrogen adsorption, storage, and release in novel quantum confinedmaterials; and (2) development of precise quantum control of hydrogen storage and release. Fundamental understanding of thesequantum phenomena, including the quantum stabilization of thermodynamically immiscible alloy species and their potential for tuningsurface catalytic processes, are directly relevant to the use of light-metal hydrides as storage media for hydrogen. The proposedinvestigations aim to deliver an independent, human-controlled mechanism for tailoring chemical reaction rates at surfaces,particularly those involving hydrogen, and potentially alleviate some of nature's hidden obstacles toward a viable hydrogen economy. 12/20/2007 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 604000;FY2010- 543000;FY2011- 533000 Tortorelli, Peter F TORTORELLIPF@ORNL.GOV 865-574-5119 Quantum Tuning of Chemical Reactivity for storage and Genera B 06/01/2007 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 KC0202020 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics 427497 2007 KC0202020 23178 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Weitering, Harm H ORNL P/ORNL--FEAC301 09/30/2003 The objective of this project is to develop inorganic membranes to separate hydrogen from petroleum refinery process streams containing hydrogen. The purified hydrogen can then be recycled for use in the processing of petroleum residuum. The value of hydrogen in this process is an increased yield of light, high value products with a considerable reduction in the amount of low-value coke produced. The program consists of the completion of the development of a hydrogen-specific inorganic membrane to recover hydrogen from refinery process streams. The technology employed is that developed at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP), particularly that related to or a variation of the ceramic membrane technology being developed for the Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials Program. The project will be conducted by the Inorganic Membrane Technology Laboratory (IMTL)at the ETTP, the ORNL Chemical Technology Division, and Pall Corporation under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). The technology to be used is presently classified as Confidential-Restricted Data. The membranes to be developed cannot be used to enrich uranium isotopes. The DOE Office of Non-Proliferation and the DOE Office of Declassification has established a process to determine whether these new membranes can be declared unclassified. The industrial partner is aware of the classification issue and is agreeable to the conditions for this project. Decision points at no less than one-year intervals will be established to review the declassification status. IMTL will provide prototype test membrane tubes for bench-scale testing of refinery streams at ORNL. This work has concluded. Remaining funds will be used to meet outstanding obligations. 11/30/1997 M&O 12/09/2003 FY2004-0;FY2005-0 Judkins, Roddie Reagan, 865-574-4572 Hydrogen Production Using Inorganic Membranes B 02/01/1995 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 37831 2003 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 27404 2001 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 93501 2000 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 130578 2000 AC1020000 Emerging Processing Technology Applications 362 1999 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 638 1999 AC1020000 Emerging Processing Technology Applicati 4028 1998 AC1020000 PROCESSING RESEARCH AND DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS 4668 1997 AC1020000 PROCESSING RESEARCH AND DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS 4942 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) AC Argonide Corporation Judkins, Roddie Reagan ORNL P/ANL--002476 This task continues to explore the mechanisms of combustion and combustion irregularities in a hydrogen-powered, direct-injection (DI), single-cylinder engine. Using combustion imaging technology, including UV transmitting endoscopes and a UV-equipped camera, OH* chemiluminescence created by hydrogen combustion has been imaged. The timing and location of combustion irregularities, such as pre-ignition and knock, are being identified. The key to this work will be the ability to run the engine at high speeds and loads. The single-cylinder engine has been operated at up to 5000 RPM and 8 bar IMEP load levels. Additionally, the OH* chemiluminescence technique will be explored for the possibility of obtaining in-situ combustion temperature measurements, using spectrographic analysis of the OH* signal. These measurements will be especially valuable when the engine is operated under multiple-injection DI operating schemes. The ability to characterize the hydrogen combustion event such that NOx production can be avoided or minimized under high speed and load conditions will be essential. Ford and BMW have considerable interest in raising the power output level of hydrogen engines. The combustion challenges under high power operation have hindered the progress of these engines. Identification of the mechanisms involved will allow for further increases in power density and reliable operation of these engines. In addition, enabling hydrogen engines to meet DOE FreedomCAR goals will assist in establishing a hydrogen infrastructure that can be used by all hydrogen-powered vehicles in the future. 12/14/2006 M&O 10/14/2009 Johnson, L.R. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5631 Hydrogen-fueled Internal Combustion Engine Research A 10/31/2002 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 VT0401000 Combustion and Emission Control R&D 421000 2007 VT0401000 Combustion and Emission Control R&D 286000 2006 VT0401000 Combustion and Emission Control R&D 460000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Johnson, Larry R. ANL P/ANL--C0002501 The purpose of this project is to develop a novel composite membranestechnology for hydrogen separation from fossil fuel gas streams wherefundamental engineering materials development is fully integrated intofabrication designs, combining functionally graded materials, monolithicmodule concept, and plasma spray manufacturing techniques. The goal will beaccomplished by employing cermet membranes based on materials with ademonstrated ability for rapid hydrogen transport. The primary technicalchallenges in achieving the research goals are to optimize the compositionand microstructure of cermets for hydrogen transport and stability, and todevelop dense membrane structures with high hydrogen separation rates. 12/09/2003 CRADA 02/10/2006 Lake, S. slake@anl.gov 630-252-5685 Novel Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation by GasificationProcesses in Energy Plants D 12/07/2001 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2005 000AA2015 8000 2004 000AA2015 211000 2003 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 83000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Balachandran, U. ANL P/BNL--2010-BNL-EST403NECA-BUDG This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as appropriate the Technology Transfer and Science Education missions of the Department of Energy. The Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Team, consisting of BNL and ICF International (which has acquired Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.), is tasked by the Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technologies Program (HFCIT) to conduct ongoing analysis of options and tradeoffs involved in the establishment of a hydrogen production infrastructure under a variety of market and technology conditions. The primary tool that the BNL team will use for this analysis is the new 10-region United States (U.S.) MARKAL model developed by BNL. The single-region U.S. MARKAL model is a long-term energy systems optimization model that is widely used for technology and policy analysis. The new 10-region U.S. MARKAL model is a multi-region, partial equilibrium national energy technology model that is based on the single-region MARKAL modeling framework. The model database covers all energy sectors from primary energy (e.g., fossil fuels, renewable energy, nuclear) to energy conversion (e.g., refineries, heat production, electricity production, hydrogen production, coke ovens) to final energy products (e.g., motor fuels, electricity, hydrogen, heat) to energy technologies in final demand (e.g., industry, transport, buildings) and finally to energy service demand (e.g., travel, cooling, heating, power). The model can be used to provide an extremely wide variety of scenario analyses with great flexibility in terms of assumed supplies of energy resources, energy transformation technologies and energy end-use demands. The model is primarily used for analysis through 2050, but can be extended to 2100 if needed. 12/19/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Melucci, Richard C. 631-344-2911 Hydrogen Options and Tradeoffs A 10/01/2009 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5000 2008 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 364222 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) FRILEY, PAUL BNL P/BNL--EST-368-NEDA The program is in support of the Hydrogen Initiative with the objectives; (1) produce an aluminum hydride material that has a gravimetric storage capacity of greater than 9% kg-H2/kg and avolumetric storage capacity of greater than0.13 kg-H2/L; (2) develop a practical and economical process for the regeneration of aluminum hydride from the dehydrided Al product; (3) assist in the design of an onboard fuel tank delivery system for better than 6% (systemlevel) gravimetric and 0.07 kg-H2/L (system-level) volumetric energy capacities. Other milestones call for the fuel tank storage system costs to be less than $133/kg-H2 with a hydrogen fuel flow greater than 0.02 (g/s)/kW. The on-board fuel tank holding pressure is 4 atm for operating temperatures between 90 to 100 degrees C. In FY 2009 an energy pathway cycle is to be completed for delivering hydrogen to the automotive power plant with total (on-board, off-board and well-to-tank) energy efficiencies greater than 60%. In addition to meeting the above the Department of Energy (DOE) hydrogen 2010 storage goals, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will continue to work with and take advantage of the Grand Challenge partnership under the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence (MHCoE). This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as appropriate the Technology Transfer and Science Education missions of the DOE. 12/31/2007 M&O 12/31/2007 Melluci, Richard C. 631-344-2985 Synthesis and Properties of Alanes as a Hydrogen Storage Material A 10/01/2008 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5074 2007 EB4202000 Storage R&D 912883 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) WEGRYZN, J BNL P/CH--FG02-95ER82021 07/23/1996 From an environmental perspective, it is recognized that fuel cells are theoretically more efficient and produce lower emissions of SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} than conventional combustion technology for power generation. However, although fuel cell technology is commercially available (phosphoric acid), a number of technical hurdles must be overcome to improve their performance, certainly not the least of which is economical generation of fuel. A potential source of hydrogen widely investigated is through the methane steam reforming process. The production economics can be much improved with the application of advanced membrane reactor technology. Unfortunately, the hydrogen permeance of the presently available hydrogen selective ceramic membrane is reduced significantly as a result of sintering by steam at the reaction temperature. Steam-resistant ceramic membrane technology will be explored in the Phase I of this proposal. In addition the potential economic impact will be quantified through the mathematical modeling and simulation based upon the experimentally determined hydrogen permselectivity. 09/07/1995 GRANT 03/07/1997 Carter, G. 301-903-5997 Steam resistance hydrogen selective ceramic membrane for fuel cell applications 09/01/1995 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-95ER82021 1155 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh 15238 1996 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 74684 1995 KM0000000 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH 74684 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) Liu, P.K.T. Media and Process Technology, Inc. P/FETC-PGH--FG22-92MT92020 08/31/1996 The objective of this project is to determine the conditions for the hydrogen-heavy oil feed preparation so as to optimize the yield of hydrocracking reactions. Proper contacting of hydrogen with heavy oil on the catalytic bed is necessary to improve the yields of the hydrocracking reactions. It is most desirable to have the necessary amount of hydrogen available either in the dissolved or in entrained state so that hydrogen diffusion to the reaction site does not provide rate controlling resistance to the overall rates of hydrocracking reactions. This project will measure solubility and entrainment data for hydrogen in heavy oils at conditions such as in hydrocrackers, and investigate the improvement of these properties by usage of appropriate additives. Specifically, measurements will be conducted at temperatures up to 300 {degree}C and pressures up to 120 atmospheres. Correlations for solubility and entrainment kinetics will be developed from the measured data, and a method for estimating yields of hydrocracking reactions using these correlations will be suggested. Exxon Research and Engineering Company will serve as private sector collaborator providing test samples and some technical expertise that will assure successful completion of the project. 09/10/1992 GRANT 04/02/1996 Smith, B. 504-734-4970 Improvement of Hydrogen Solubility and Entrainment in Hydrocracker Feedstocks 09/01/1992 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov FG22-92MT92020 Department of Chemical Engineering;1601 East Market Street Greensboro 27411 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Kabadi, V.N. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University P/GO--FC36-00GO10534 09/30/2009 This is a new technology development program launched by Praxair with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) as a subcontractor. The proposed program will lead to commercialization of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly hydrogen production systems for use in the transportation sector for fuel-cell vehicle refueling stations and in the industrial sector as a small, on-site hydrogen supply. The proposed system will integrate ceramic membrane based syngas production and hydrogen separation technologies. The Phase I activities in the current year will focus on technoeconomic feasibility evaluation and hydrogen separation membrane testing to validate the concept and define the critical development program for sbsequent years. 11/01/2000 COOP 03/05/2009 BAKKE, PAUL INTEGRATED CERAMIC MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 06/27/2000 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-00GO10534 TONAWANDA 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 179664 2007 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D -20000 2006 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 63239.34 2005 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 269496.47 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 346080 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D -14447 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 7500 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 163698 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) SCHWARTZ, JOSEPH PRAXAIR INC P/GO--FC36-94GO10039 01/06/1997 THIS PROJECT WILL SHOWCASE A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF SOLAR GENERATED HYDROGEN AS FUEL FOR UTILITY VEHICLES AT THE XEROX FACILITY IN EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA. THIS PROJECT WILL UTILIZE STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY INCLUDING PHOTO- VOLTAICS, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND HYDROGEN COMBUSTION ENGINE RETROFIT FOR CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES. THIS PROJECT IS IN THE CLOSE-OUT PROCESS. 08/19/1994 COOP 12/12/1998 HOOKER, DOUGLAS DOUG_HOOKER@NREL.GOV 303-275-4780 SOLAR POWERED HYDROGEN GENERATING FACILITY AND HYDROGEN POWERED VEHICLE FLEET 08/11/1994 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-94GO10039 660 Venice Blvd. #112 Venice 90291 1998 400000000 COST OF REIMBURSABLE WORK AND COOPERATIVE WORK - O 0 1997 400000000 COST OF REIMBURSABLE WORK AND COOPERATIVE WORK - O 21661 1996 400500000 112897 CR USDOE Office of Chief Financial Officer (CR) Staples, P.S. Clean Air Now P/GO--FC36-99GO10453 03/31/2005 The hydrogen fuel used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells is often generated in by reforming alcohol or other readily available hydrocarbon fuels. The reforming process typically generates an amount of carbon monoxide that will poison the fuel cell electrodes if it is not eliminated from the hydrogen fuel. There are various methods used to react and filter the CO from the fuel, but sensor technology to quantify the efficiency of the methods is lacking. The project goals are to fabricate metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) sensors on gallium nitride substrated to measure carbon monoxide and temperature for quantifying the purity of hydrogen fuel used in fuel cells. The objectives are to: (1) fabricate sensor using Pt, PdAg and Rh metal gate electrodes and to characterize the interfacial metallurgy and the mechnical and electrical integrity of the structure. 2-test the sensors for minimum detection limit, sensitivity and drift in hydrogen and H2 mixtures (35-70% vol) with O2 (to 10,000 ppm), H2S (to 400 ppm) and CO (to 10,000 ppm) over a period of several months. 3-test the sensors over a range from 50-300 degrees celsius (typically 100 degrees) and to a maximum determined by the failure of the sensors or the packaging. 4-Report the results and predict the accuracy and precision of a measurement of CO in hydrogen in the range of interest (20-2,000 ppm). 03/01/2001 COOP 01/30/2009 HOOKER, DOUG Gallium Nitride Gas/Temperature Sensors for Fuel Cell System 09/15/1999 GO Golden Field Office www.eren.doe.gov/golden/ FC36-99GO10453 BEND 2008 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 0 2008 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 0 2007 NOBRINFOR 0 2005 EB4204000 Safety, Codes & Standards and Utilization 0 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 13755 2003 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 86245 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 29659.7 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 100000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Pyke, Stephen C. UNKNOWN spyke@empnet.com P/INEEL--100155 06/30/2005 The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, along with its team members, ITN Energy Systems, Nexant Consulting, Argonne National Laboratory and Praxair are developing a novel composite membrane structure for hydrogen separation as a key technology module within the future of Vision 21 fossil fuel plants. The team is developing a novel approach to hydrogen separation membrane technology where fundamental engineering material development is fully integrated into fabrication designs; combining functionally graded materials, monolithic module concepts and plasma spray manufacturing techniques.The technology is based on the use of Ion Conducting Ceramic Membranes for the selective transport of hydrogen. The membranes will be comprised of composites consisting of a proton conducting ceramic and a second metallic phase to promote electrical conductivity. Functional grading of the membrane components allows for the fabrication of individual membrane layers of different materials, microstructures and functions directly into a monolithic module. Plasma spray techniques, common in industrial manufacturing, are well suited for fabricating Ion Conducting Ceramic Membranes hydrogen separation modules inexpensively, yielding compact membrane modules that are amenable to large scale, continuous manufacturing techniques with low costs.The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is fabricating components of the monolithic Ion Conducting Ceramic Membranes structures using plasma spray deposition techniques. A key factor in successfully fabricating the composite structure is that the proton conducting membrane needs to be very dense and free of open, connected pores while the catalyst layers must be very porous. In addition, the residual stresses resulting from differences in the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion between the substrate and the composite membrane, due to quenching stresses, must be controlled to avoid cracking. Residual stresses due to both Coefficients of Thermal Expansion mismatch and quenching stresses will be minimized by careful control of substrate temperature during deposition coupled with optimization of powder feed rate and gun traverse speed and by coating design. Functionally grading both composition and porosity of the layers will help mitigate these problems. Efficient development of optimized spray parameters will be accomplished by detailed process diagnostics, including in-flight measurement of particle velocity and temperature, and a combination of process modeling and measurement of residual stress as required. 12/11/2003 M&O Techniques for fabrication of proton conducting cermet membranes by plasma spray will be further optimized to reproducibly make leak-free membranes with lower thicknesses and we will work with ITN Energy Systems to increase the permeation rates to commercially acceptable levels. 01/12/2005 0 Swank, W. David wds@Inel.gov 208-526-1698 Hydrogen Separation Membrane A 02/26/2001 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2211 2004 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 140269 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Anderson, Raymond P. INEEL Swank, W. David INEEL P/INEEL--100431 12/31/2003 The objective of this project is to develop a polymer liner that greatly limits hydrogen losses from commercial, light-weight, composite, high-pressure hydrogen tanks. The plan is based on the concept of an electrochemically active hydrogen barrier. The barrier is constructed of three layers of polymers consisting of a proton-conducting electrolyte (electronicinsulator) sandwiched in-between electronically conductive polymer electrodes. The device is designed as a galvanic type device that functions to prevent hydrogen permeation through application of a small dc voltage. Only a small voltage is necessary; this could be supplied by a watch type battery. 12/11/2003 M&O Initial low-pressure permeability measurements will be made at University of California, Los Angeles and the project will then be terminated due to changing priorities at the Department of Energy. 01/12/2005 0 Lessing, Paul A. pal2@inel.gov 208-526-8776 Low Permeation Liner for Hydrogen Gas Storage Tanks A 08/01/2002 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2218 2004 EB4201000 Production and Delivery R&D 25810 2003 NOBRINFOR 0 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Yang, Yang University of California, Los Angeles Lessing, Paul A INEEL P/INEEL--100713 09/30/2004 Tasks for the research project include developing a Nuclear Hydrogen Pilot Plant Capabilities and Needs report, presenting a Systems Interface technical summary to academia at the Generation IV/Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative/Nuclear Hydrogen initiative workshop in Washington D.C. in March 2004.Additional task include supporting the Heat Exchanger Technical Planning meeting at University of Nevada Las Vegas in March 2004, providing technical input to Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative Program Plan appendix revision, managing the reporting of project performance status and variance reporting, trending and corrective action, coordinating early revisions to the hydrogen sections of the Very High Temperature Reactor Research and Development Plan, developing collaborative proposals with the French and Japanese as a part of the International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Program. 01/11/2005 M&O 01/12/2005 Park, Charles V. park@inel.gov 208-526-1091 Nuclear Hydrogen Production D 10/01/2003 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3750 2004 AF3800000 Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative 126813 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Park, Charles V. INEEL P/INEEL--DPR5A421 06/30/2004 The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), along with its team members, ITN Energy Systems, Nexant Consulting, Argonne National Laboratory and Praxair, are developing a novel composite membrane structure for hydrogen separation as a key technology module within the future �Vision 21� fossil fuel plants. The team is developing a novel approach to hydrogen separation membrane technology where fundamental engineering material development is fully integrated into fabrication designs; combining functionally graded materials, monolithic module concepts and plasma spray manufacturing techniques. The technology is based on the use of Ion Conducting Ceramic Membranes (ICCM) for the selective transport of hydrogen. The membranes will be comprised of composites consisting of a proton conducting ceramic and a second metallic phase to promote electrical conductivity. Functional grading of the membrane components allows for the fabrication of individual membrane layers of different materials, microstructures and functions directly into a monolithic module. Plasma spray techniques, common in industrial manufacturing, are well suited for fabricating ICCM hydrogen separation modules inexpensively, yielding compact membrane modules that are amenable to large scale, continuous manufacturing techniques with low costs. The INEEL is fabricating components of the monolithic ICCM structures using plasma spray deposition techniques. A key factor in successfully fabricating the composite structure is that the proton conducting membrane needs to be very dense and free of open, connected pores while the catalyst layers must be very porous. In addition, the residual stresses resulting from differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the substrate and the composite membrane, due to quenching stresses, must be controlled to avoid cracking. Residual stresses due to both CTE mismatch and quenching stresses will be minimized by careful control of substrate temperature during deposition coupled with optimization of powder feed rate and gun traverse speed and by coating design. Functionally grading both composition and porosity of the layers will help mitigate these problems. Efficient development of optimized spray parameters will be accomplished by detailed process diagnostics, including in-flight measurement of particle velocity and temperature, and a combination of process modeling and measurement of residual stress as required. 03/06/2002 M&O Techniques for fabrication of proton conducting cermet membranes by plasma spray will be optimized. A target milestone for FY03 is the demonstration of commercially significant hydrogen flux rates approaching 50 ml/min/sq cm in the 600-900 degree Centigrade range in a laboratory scale prototype test facility. 01/08/2003 FY2003-180000 Anderson, Raymond P. anderp@inel.gov 208-526-1623 Hydrogen Separation Membrane A 02/26/2001 INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Idaho Falls, ID www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 83415-2110 2002 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 111555.64 2001 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 9607.52 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Anderson, Raymond P. INEEL Swank, W. David INEEL P/INL--101343 The hydrogen process system interface is defined as the high-temperature heat transfer loop and related equipment that will be used to transfer thermal energy from the high-temperature nuclear reactor to a high-temperature hydrogen plant coupled to the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). The system interface consists of the heat transfer equipment downstream of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) and include the process heat exchanger supplying the hydrogen production process. The NGNP Project was authorized by the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005, and calls for the research, development, design, construction, and operation activities for a prototype reactor that produces electricity or hydrogen or both. Start-up of the prototype reactor will occur no later than 2021. Four areas of development related to the hydrogen system interface include high-temperature thermal transmission, tritium contamination prevention and mitigation, system modeling, and safety. 01/22/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Patterson, Michael 208-526-5525 System Interface&Support System 02 A 02/07/2008 INL Idaho National Laboratory (INL) www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-3730 2008 AF3840100 Supporting Systems & System Interface 64191 NE USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (NE) Szilard, Ronaldo INL P/INL--101422 The DOE Hydrogen Program review panel recommended that process R&D continues for low-cost routes to sodium borohydride because the Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center of Excellence is examining boron-based chemical hydride fuels, and sodium borohydride is the key starting material for all the boron-based hydrogen storage materials. Therefore, low-cost sodium borohydride is important in order for these boron-based chemical hydride fuels to be low cost for initial fill. This project is driven by existing research being conducted within the Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center of Excellence for improvements in sodium borohydride production. INL conducts carbothermic reduction research and development concepts for a single step low cost sodium borohydride production from borates. The goal of this project is to develop an advanced process for low-cost sodium borohydride to produce other potential boron-based fuels for chemical hydrogen storage. 01/22/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Kong, Peter 208-526-7579 Boron-Based Chemical Hydride A 06/19/2008 INL Idaho National Laboratory (INL) www.inel.gov AC07-76ID01570 Idaho Falls 83415-2210 2008 EB4202000 Storage R&D 101680 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Smartt, Herschel INL P/NETL--DE-XXXX-00NT40973 09/30/2003 The objective of the research program is to demonstrate in a laboratory-scale prototype hydrogen flux rates of 50 ml/min-cm2 in the 600-900 C temperature range with a membrane thickness of approximately 50 m. The ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (ITN) team will develop composite, functionally-graded, hydrogen separation membrane modules for applications with coal (or other 'opportunity' feedstock) gasification processes and other concepts in Vision 21 fossil fuel plants. These composites also serve as functionally-graded, porous catalyst layers, thereby enhancing the hydrogen transport rates across the membrane. The proposed program focuses on composite membranes fabricated from proton conducting or structural ceramic oxides and a second, electron conducting phase. Specifically, ITN will select the proton conducting materials from the family of doped strontium and barium cerates and zirconates, which are well-known proton conducting materials. Structural ceramics will be selected from common materials such as alumina and zirconias. The second, electronically conducting phase will be nickel and nickel alloys. These materials are also well-known catalysts for hydrogen adsorption and dissociation. 02/14/2001 COOP 03/13/2001 0 Bose, Arun C. arun.bose@netl.doe.gov 412-386-4467 Novel Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation in Gasification Processes in Vision 21 Energy 10/01/2000 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null 80033 2000 NOBRINFOR 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) ITN Energy Systems Schwartz, Michael ITN Energy Systems P/NETL--FEAA076 12/31/2007 Part of the vision of a hydrogen economy is the production of hyrdogen from coal, due to its low cost and abundance in the U.S. A critical part of this process is to separate the hydrogen from carbon dioxide, resulting in a pure clean fuel (hydrogen) stream, and a separate carbon dioxide stream ready for sequestration. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory nanoporous membrane technology has already been proven to separate hydrogen from CO2 in lab scale tests, at a flux and purity expected to be commercially competitive. This project is essentially to scale-up the technology, and refine the membrane choices to suit DOE's program objectives:" To produce ultra pure hydrogen fuel, at 99.999% purity." To ensure 90% carbon capture.Field tests are expected to be done at Southern Company's Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) and Eastman Chemicals Kingsport facility during the summer of 2007. Pall Corporation is Oak Ridge's commercial partner in this project, and will have increasing input as the membranes approach commercial readiness.. 02/01/2006 M&O 02/01/2006 Tennant, Jenny B. jenny.tennant@netl.doe.gov 304-285-4830 Scale-Up of Microporous Inorganic Hydrogen-Separation Membrane D 01/01/2005 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null Oak Ridge 37830-8050 2005 001610238 450000 2005 001610219 50000 2005 001610219 50000 2005 001610238 450000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Judkins, Rod Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) P/NETL--FWP-49385 03/30/2009 The objective of this project is to investigate the durability of hydrogen (H2) internal combustion engines (ICEs) and to improve performance, while maintaining or further improving efficiency and emissions. The partners involved in this collaborative project are ETEC-Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation, Rousch Industries, Sacre-Davey and Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne will be responsible for testing on a semi-annual basis two of the hydrogen vehicles built by the partners. This work will be performed on the 4WD hydrogen chassis dynamometer in the Argonne Advance Powertrain Research Facility (APRF) to evaluate the durability of the hydrogen engine. The assessment will document the impact of the efficiency, emission and performance throughout the lifetime of the vehicles.. 01/23/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Lewis, Robie E. Robie.Lewis@NETL.DOE.gov 304-285-4445 In-Lab and On-Road Fleet Investigation for Durability and Performance for Hydrogen ICEs D 02/15/2007 NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory null Lemont 60439-4837 2008 N/A000000 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Beauregard, Garrett Paul Argonne National Laboratory-IL (ANL) P/NREL--H278 NREL is conducting systems analysis of hydrogen systems. Projects on resource analysis, cost of hydrogen production, energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of production pathways are being investigated. The HyDRA model is being developed to analyze resource availability and hydrogen production on a regional basis. The HYDIVE model is being developed to analyze the effects of consumer choice on required hydrogen infrastructure. The HYDS-ME model is being used to examine hydrogen-electricity infrastructure issues. The H2A model is being used to develop case studies of hydrogen production pathways. 01/16/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Bob Noun Bob_Noun@nrel.gov 303-275-3062 CROSS-CUT ANALYSIS - EB4208 D 10/01/2006 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2008 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 2150123 2007 EB4208000 Hydrogen Systems Analysis 848873 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY52 09/30/2005 NREL is leading 12 institutions in DOE’s Center of Excellence in hydrogen storage on carbon-containing adsorbent materials. The overall objective of this project is to identify and develop an efficient, safe, cost-effective sorption technology that can meet the DOE RD&D plan goals for on-vehicle hydrogen storage applications. Specific objectives for FY 2006 include: (1) Perform theoretical modeling to provide guidance for materials development, (2) Determine the hydrogen storage capacity of nanostructured carbon materials, (3) Develop cost-effective fabrication processes for promising nanostructured carbon materials to achieve reproducible storage capacities, and (4) Develop and implement combinatorial approaches to rapidly identify promising hydrogen storage material. 02/02/2006 M&O 12/13/2006 Heben, Michael michael_heben@nrel.gov 303-384-6641 Storage of hydrogen on nano-structured, carbon-containing materials A 10/01/2004 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 Golden 80401-3393 2006 EB4202000 Storage R&D 130936 2005 EB4202000 Storage R&D 1791096 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Heben, Michael NREL P/NREL--HY62 NREL is leading 12 institutions in DOE?s Center of Excellence in hydrogen storage on carbon-containing adsorbent materials. The overall objective of this project is to identify and develop an efficient, safe, cost-effective sorption technology that can meet the DOE RD&D plan goals for on-vehicle hydrogen storage applications. Specific objectives for FY 2006 include: (1) Perform theoretical modeling to provide guidance for materials development, (2) Determine the hydrogen storage capacity of nanostructured carbon materials, (3) Develop cost-effective fabrication processes for promising nanostructured carbon materials to achieve reproducible storage capacities, and (4) Develop and implement combinatorial approaches to rapidly identify promising hydrogen storage material. 01/16/2008 M&O 01/20/2008 Sverdrup, George sverdrup_george@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Storage of hydrogen on nano-structured, carbon-containing materials A 10/01/2005 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2007 EB4202000 Storage R&D 418398 2007 EB4203000 Infrastructure Validation 8786 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/NREL--HY67 The National Renewable Energy Laboratory supports DOE_s Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program (HFCIT) across its breadth of activities. NREL is conducting work on producing, delivering, storing, and using hydrogen in fuel cells. NREL is also supporting DOE_s analysis, safety, codes&standards, and technology validation and website activities. These efforts include both domestic and international collaborations. Scope of Work: Website Operations and Maintenance, Hydrogen Education Technical Support, Technical Information Development for Local Communities, Hydrogen Information and Training for Key Target Audiences 01/16/2008 M&O 01/16/2008 Sverdrup, George sverdrup_george@nrel.gov 303-275-4433 Hydrogen Technical Information Development and Education FY07 A 09/01/2006 NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO www.nrel.gov AC36-99GO10337 80441-3393 2007 EB4207000 Hydrogen Education 22195 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Sverdrup, George NREL george_sverdrup@nrel.gov P/ORNL--FEAA079 09/30/2009 FutureGen is a government/industry partnership with the objective to design, build, and operate a coal gasification-based,nearly emission-free, coal-fired electricity and hydrogen production plant. One use of the hydrogen that is produced will be to rungas turbines to generate power. The combustion characteristics of the fuel, however, will be significantly different from those ofnatural gas, for which current gas turbines were designed. In order to achieve the nameplate power ratings of these turbines,substantial changes in combustion conditions and gas flow rates will be necessary, and these changes could have major implicationsfor materials performance in the hot gas path of the turbine. Siemens Power Generation in Orlando, Florida has a contract from NETLto develop the turbine to efficiently burn hydrogen. ORNL researchers will work with Siemens personnel to develop and/orcharacterize advanced thermal barrier coatings, abradable seals and rotor materials for use in the hydrogen turbine. 12/15/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 FY2009- 107000 Wright, Ian G WRIGHTIG@ORNL.GOV 865-574-4451 Support on New Materials for Advanced Hydrogen Turbines B 05/01/2008 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN www.ornl.gov AC05-84OR21400 Oak Ridge 37831-5240 2008 AA2045000 Turbines 16394 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Wang, Hsin ORNL Klueh, Ronald L ORNL Stinton, David P ORNL P/SRNL--TD50-T9775-H2DP The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) has led a project team to develop and demonstrate a regenerative fuel cell system for backup power applications. The Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) system combines a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell capable of generating electricity from hydrogen fuel, an electrolyzer utilizing grid electrical energy to produce hydrogen, and a solid state hydrogen storage system for storing the hydrogen. This combination of systemswas demonstrated to provide a rugged, compact, quick-response, reliable emergency power supply for occasions where grid power is temporarily cut off. These systems can replace high maintenance battery and generator-set systems and offer a higher degree of reliability. A regenerative fuel cell system can also be combined with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar systems for unlimited power generation 01/23/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Motyka, Ted 803-507-8548 Hydrogen Demonstration Projects A 10/01/2007 SRNL Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov Aiken 29808-0001 2008 TD5000615 287943 OE USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) Motyka, Theodore SRNL P/SRTC--9701108001 09/30/1997 H2 Fuel is a technology transfer and regional commercialization initiative between DOE and several public/private entities. The major participants are DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Augusta/Richmond County Public Transit (ARCPT), Education, Research and Development Association of Georgia Universities, Southeastern Technology Center, Georgia Tech Research Institute and Blue Bird Body Company.The project mission is to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of a municipal public transit vehicle operating on hydrogen fuel stored on board in metal hydride containers. The metal hydride technology is a derivative of the technology developed for SRS tritium applications, and will be transferred to the private sector as part of H2 Fuel.Last year ARCPT purchased an electric bus from Blue Bird, which was converted to hybrid hydrogen/electric operation by the project participants. The bus was then delivered to ARCPT for public demonstration, further testing and then will be operated in city bus service for a period of 6 months to 1 year. Public demonstration of hydrogen technology in the Central Savannah River Area enhanced the region as a center of excellence in this emerging technology, resulting in maintenance of core competency at SRS and increased business opportunities for the region.Specific activities performed in FY O97 included:- Fi nal checkout testing for city bus operation, on-going- Technical support for hydrogen refueling operations- Public involvement and awareness activities 11/18/1997 M&O Summers, William Hydrogen Bus Demonstration Project, (a.k.a., H2 Fuel) 10/01/1996 SRTC Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), Aiken, SC www.srs.gov AC09-96SR18500 Aiken 29808-001 1997 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 634217 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/AL--FC04-02AL67607 02/20/2005 A key impediment to expanded fuel cell vehicle use if fueling infrastructure. Along with onboard liquid fuel reformer development, a parallel strategy is seeking to develop cost-competitive technology based on high-pressure hydrogen-based fueling. This project builds on the substantial experience gained on compressed natural gas coupled with targeted research on natural gas-to-hydrogen conversion and innovative strategies to meet hydrogen fuel quality requirements (in terms of water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide levels). An additional core technology development is an advanced filling algorithm that will permit accurate and complete filling of compressed hydrogen vehicles under a range of conditions. These advanced subsystems-reforming, fuel cleanup, compression, and dispensing-will be incorporated into an integrated and cost-competitive small natural gas-to-hydrogen fueling station with a capcity of 40-60 kg/day that will support hydrogen fueling infrastructure expansion for fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen-powered products. 03/01/2002 COOP 12/16/2003 ARNIE JUSTICE Development of a High Efficiency Reformed Based Hydrogen Fueling System 02/22/2002 AL Albuquerque Operations Office (AL) FC04-02AL67607 DES PLAINES 2003 EE0602000 Alternative Fuels 71822 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 89155.42 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Liss, William GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF william.liss@gastechnology.org P/ANL--001980 Fuel cells are potentially an attractive power generation technology for remote villages. In such locations, the hydrogen required by the fuel cell can either be obtained by electrolysis of water using wind as the primary energy source or from conversion of hydrocarbon fuel. The most common fuel is diesel, which is difficult to convert to hydrogen because it contains too much sulfur for the conventional steam-reforming catalysts to handle. Argonne National Laboratory has developed a new catalyst for the conversion of gasoline to hydrogen. Under this program, the feasibility of generating hydrogen from diesel using the new catalyst will be explored. Life tests with sulfur-containing diesel fuel will be conducted, and an engineering-scale demonstation together with private sector partners is planned. 12/03/1998 M&O 01/06/2003 Miller, J.F. millerj@cmt.anl.gov 630-252-4537 Diesel Fuel Processing A 10/01/1997 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 60439 2002 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 1000 2001 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 113000 2000 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 289000 1999 EB4200000 Hydrogen Research R&D 187000 1998 EB4200000 HYDROGEN RESEARCH R&D 62000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Krumpelt, M. ANL P/ANL--002019 Hydrogen peroxide is an effective oxidant used in many chemical processes and is environmentally benign because it produces only water as a by-product. Hydrogen peroxide could be applied to more chemical processes if its price were lower. The overall objective of this project is to develop and commercialize new technology for the production of hydrogen peroxide that is more efficient, economical, and safe through the development of new catalysts, chemical formulations, and membrane separations technologies. 12/03/1998 M&O 04/04/2002 Kramer, J.M. jmkramer@anl.gov 630-252-5244 Advanced Separations Technology for Efficient and Economical Recovery and Purification of Hydrogen Peroxide 03/01/1998 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 60439 2001 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 33000 2000 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 55000 1999 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 54000 1998 KJ0200000 27000 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) P/ANL--002279 The objective of this project is to develop porous hydrophilic membranes that are highly resistant to oxidative and corrosive conditions for recovery and purification of hydrogen peroxide and other oxychemicals. Hydrogen peroxide is a commodity chemical with a worldwide production exceeding 2 million tons per year. It has a huge potential for additional applications in many environmentally friendly processes, including selective oxidation for the production of several commodity petrochemicals. In fact, hydrogen peroxide can become the ultimate environmentally friendly "green" chemical. In previous work, ANL had conducted basic research in hydrophilic membranes that would function in highly oxidative and reactive conditions. The current project consists of performing laboratory-scale development of these membranes and their applications in hydrogen peroxide and oxychemical production. ANL is working with an industrial partner, who is evaluating the commercial potential of these membranes. 03/06/2002 M&O 04/04/2002 Schertz,W.W. schertzww@anl.gov 630-252-6230 Advanced Membrane Separations for Oxidative and Corrosive Reactions and Processes 10/01/2000 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 60439 2001 ED1806000 Chemicals Vision 44000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) P/ANL--002953 This project is investigating the durability of hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs) and to improve performance, while maintaining or further improving efficiency and emissions. The partners joining Argonne in this collaborative project are eTec-Electric Transportation Engineering Corp., Roush Industries, and Sacre-davey. Argonne is responsible for semi-annual testing of hydrogen vehicles produced by the other partners. Testing is done on the 4-wheel-drive hydrogen chassis dynamometer in the Advanced Powertrain Resrach Facility to eavluate the durability of the hydrgten engines. The assessment will document the impact of the efficiency, emission, and performance throughout the lifetime of the vehicles. 01/23/2009 M&O 10/14/2009 Daniels, E.J. edaniels@anl.gov 630-252-5279 In-Lab and On-Road Investigation for Durability and Performance for Hydrogen ICEs A 10/31/2006 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2008 AA1040000 President's Hydrogen from Coal Research Fuels 24000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Lohse-Busch, H ANL P/ANL--C0000901 The purpose of this project is to develop an environmentally benign,inexpensive, and efficient method for separating hydrogen from gas mixturesproduced during industrial processes, such as coal gasification. The goalwill be accomplished by employing dense ceramic membranes based on materialswith a demonstrated ability for rapid protonic and electronic conduction. Theprimary challenges in achieving the research goals are to optimize thecomposition and microstructure of ceramic membrane materials forproton/electron conductivity, hydrogen flux, and stability, and to developdense membrance structures with industrially significant hydrogen separationrates. 01/25/2005 CRADA 12/14/2006 Lake, S. slake@anl.gov 630-252-5685 Advanced Hydrogen Transport Membranes for Fossil FuelPlants D 12/11/2001 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2006 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 2000 2005 000AA2015 331000 2004 000AA2015 315000 2003 AA2015000 Advanced Systems - Integrated Gasification Combine 255000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Balachandran, U. ANL P/ANL--C0100601 The objective of this work is to develop porous hydrophilic membranes thatare highly resistant to oxidative and corrosive conditions for recovery andpurification of hydrogen peroxide and other oxychemicals. Hydrogen peroxideis a commodity chemical with a worldwide production exceeding 2 milliontons/yr. It has tremendous potential for additional applications in manyenvironmentally friendly processes, including selective oxidation for theproduction of several commodity petrochemicals. In fact, hydrogen peroxidecan become the ultimate environmentally friendly �green� chemical. Over thelast two years, ANL has conducted basic research in hydrophilic membranesthat would function in highly oxidative and reactive conditions. This workwill further advance the ongoing work by performing laboratory-scaledevelopment of these membranes and their applications in hydrogen peroxideand oxychemicals production. The technology has the potential to save 10billion Btu/hr of energy and reduce 2.5 million ton/yr of waste salt in 2020. 02/10/2006 CRADA 02/10/2006 Lake, S. slake@anl.gov 630-252-5685 Advanced Membrane Separations for Oxidative and CorrosiveReactions A 05/12/2001 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439-4832 2005 000ED1806 64000 2004 000ED1806 143000 2003 ED1806000 Chemicals Vision 225000 2002 ED1806000 Chemicals Vision 206000 2001 ED1806000 Chemicals Vision 142000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Snyder, S.W. ANL P/ANL--C0101801 This work is aimed at development of hydrogenation catalysts capable ofoperation at moderate or mild conditions in the following seven tasks. Thework will entail collaboration between researchers at Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory (ORNL), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and ChevronTexaco (CT).Hydrogenation biocatalysts will be developed for upgrading crude oils viachemical and genetic modification of hydrogenase enzymes. These enzymestypically have a transition-state metal (Fe, Ni, Mo, Co) at the active sitesresponsible for hydrogen activation. The catalytic sites of chemicalhydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization catalysts are also these same metals.Further, the structures of some of the enzyme metal active sitesare alsosimilar to those found to be efficient hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts,e.g., a Co-Fe-Ni cubane structure. Simplistically, hydrogen addition to asubstrate takes place via three steps: first is the hydrogen activation step,followed by the transfer of the active species (e.g. hydride) to thesubstrate s hydrogenation site, and last is addition of the active H speciesto the substrate. The approach will be based on understanding the last stepand trying to improve the enzyme-substrate interaction without altering theenzyme s intrinsic hydrogen activation mechanism. 12/09/2003 CRADA 01/25/2005 Lake, S. slake@anl.gov 630-252-5685 Developing Enzyme and Biomimetic Catalysts for Upgrading HeavyCrudes Via Biological Hydrogenation and Hydrosulfurization D 04/01/2001 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 Lemont 60439 2004 000AC1015 18000 2003 AC1015000 Effective Environmental Protection 240000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Marshall, C. ANL P/ANL--C9800300 Hydrogen peroxide is an effective oxidant used in many chemical processes and is environmentally benign because it produces only water as a by-product. Hydrogen peroxide could be applied to more chemical processes if its price were lower. The overall objective of this project is to develop and commercialize new technology for the production of hydrogen peroxide that is more efficient, economical, and safe through the development of new catalysts, chemical formulations, and membrane separations technologies. 12/03/1998 CRADA 03/12/2001 Hilliard, M.D. hilliard@anl.gov 630-252-9909 Advanced Separations Technology for Efficient and Economical Recovery and Purification of Hydrogen Peroxide 03/01/1998 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 60439 2000 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 181000 1999 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 184000 1998 KJ0200000 100000 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) ER St. Martin, E.J. P/ANL--C9800301 Hydrogen peroxide is an effective oxidant used in many chemical processes and is environmentally benign because it produces only water as a by-product. Hydrogen peroxide could be applied to more chemical processes if its price were lower. The overall objective of this project is to develop and commercialize new technology for the production of hydrogen peroxide that is more efficient, economical, and safe through the development of new catalysts, chemical formulations, and membrane separations technologies. 03/06/2002 CRADA 04/04/2002 Lake, S. slake@anl.gov 630-252-5685 Advanced Separations Technology for Efficient and Economical Recovery and Purification of Hydrogen Peroxide A 03/01/1998 ANL Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL www.anl.gov W-31109-ENG-38 60439 2001 KJ0200000 Laboratory Technology Research 116000 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) St. Martin, E.J. P/BNL--05465 This proposal is concerned with the use of Alanes (AlH3) as a hydrogen storage compound for automotive applications. There are about 7 AlH3 isomers, �, , , , �, �, and . Of these isomers �-AlH3 is a very attractive metal hydride for onboard hydrogen storage, since it contains 10.1% by wt. hydrogen with a density of 1.48g/ml. At room temperature �-AlH3 has the two very desirable safety advantages of being very stable and not pyrophoric. Because of kinetic barriers, the decomposition of �-AlH3 is extremely slow at room temperature, even though it is thermodynamically favorable. Initial tests at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have demonstrated that �-AlH3 can be decomposed under controlled conditions to evolve H2 in the temperature range 80-150oC. Since �-AlH3 has equilibrium dissociation plateau pressure of ~10 kbar at 150oC, it is too high for onboard regeneration. The proposed research is initially focused on low temperature decomposition kinetics of �- AlH3, reaction thermodynamics, and the preparation and characterization of other AlH3 phases. The long term objective is the development of a practical off board process to regenerate spent AlH3.This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as appropriate the Technology Transfer and Science Education missions of the Department of Energy (DOE). 01/19/2006 M&O 01/19/2006 Melucci, Richard C. 631-344-2911 Synthesis and Properties of Alanes as a Hydrogen Storage Material A 10/01/2006 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5000 2005 EB4202000 Storage R&D 1000000 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) WEGRYZN, J BNL P/BNL--2010-BNL-EST368NEDA-BUDG The program is in support of the Hydrogen Initiative with the objectives; (1) produce an aluminum hydride material that has a gravimetric storage capacity of greater than 9% kg-H2/kg and a volumetric storage capacity of greater than 0.13 kg-H2/L; (2) develop a practical and economical process for the regeneration of aluminum hydride from the dehydrided Al product; (3) assist in the design of an on-board fuel tank delivery system for better than 6% (system-level) gravimetric and 0.07 kg-H2/L (system-level) volumetric energy capacities. Other milestones call for the fuel tank storage system costs to be less than $133/kg-H2 with a hydrogen fuel flow greater than 0.02 (g/s)/kW. The on-board fuel tank holding pressure is 4 atm for operating temperatures between 90 to 100 degrees C. In FY 2009 an energy pathway cycle is to be completed for delivering hydrogen to the automotive power plant with total (on-board, off-board and well-to-tank) energy efficiencies greater than 60%. In addition to meeting the above Department of Energy's (DOE) hydrogen 2010 storage goals, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will continue to work with and take advantage of the"Grand Challenge"partnership under the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence (MHCoE). 12/19/2008 M&O 10/14/2009 Melucci, Richard C. 631-344-2911 Synthesis of Alanes for Automotive Application A 10/01/2009 BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY www.bnl.gov AC02-98CH10886 Upton 11973-5000 2008 EB4202000 Storage R&D 1188100 EE USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) Wegrzyn, James BNL P/CH--FG02-00ER63031 09/14/2004 Bioremediation of trace metals and radionuclides in groundwater may require the manipulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions via the injection of a carbon source. For example, soluble U(VI) can be reduced by bacteria to U(IV), which is a solid, after the system is more reduced than during denitrification. Since uranium is usually found at DOE sites in the presence of high nitrate concentrations, the first step in the biological immobilization of uranium is to add a carbon source that will induce biological denitrification. After nitrate has been consumed, uranium can be reduced simultaneously with other electron acceptors such as FE(III). If the goal is to achieve uranium reduction, the redox conditions do not need to be much lower than those reached during iron reduction. This example indicates that a successful trace metal or radionuclide bioremediation plan will require that specific terminal electron accepting processes will need to be achieved at predetermined locations for a specific duration. This research will investigate whether measuring the concentration of hydrogen (H2) is an improvement over more traditional measurements of the redox ions themselves or Eh to determine the terminal electron accepting processes. If H2 is indeed more accurate, it can be used as an indicator of bacterial activities. Laboratory experiments combined with analytical models will be used to test hypotheses regarding H2 as an alternative measure. Batch experiments will be conducted to track the utilization of hydrogen and acetate to determine competing concentrations and bacterial growth rates. Column experiments will be used to test injections of first acetate, then lactate. Hydrogen concentrations will be measured in all experiments to determine if they agree with theory (as modeled by the team) and whether they are more accurate than other measurements. 03/16/2001 GRANT 01/25/2007 JOHN HOUGHTON HYDROGEN AS AN INDICATOR TO ASSESS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DURING TRACE-METAL BIOREMEDI- ATION 09/14/2000 CH Chicago Operations Office null FG02-00ER63031 PRINCETON 2006 NOBRINFOR 0 2005 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 0 2004 NOBRINFOR 0 2003 KP1301010 Bioremediation Research 75001 2002 KP0000000 Biological And Environmental Research 284165 2001 KP0000000 Biological And Environmental Research 152472 2000 KP0000000 Biological And Environmental Research 12706 SC USDOE Office of Science (SC) PETER JAFFEE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY P/FETC--DE-AC21-92MC29011 03/31/1998 The objective of this work is to assess the suitability and performance of a high-temperature catalytic ammonia decomposition materials. Several catalyst formulations shall be obtained for bench-scale testing in a high-pressure, high-temperature reactor using simulated coal-derived fuel-gases containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The performance of these formulations shall be compared with the results from previous, DOE-sponsored testing of ammonia decomposition catalysts. The formulations shall be capable of removing ammonia by at least 90 percent. Eachformulation shall be screened and characterized by short-term bench-scale testing. Up to two of the superior formulations shall be tested for long-term durability and chemical reactivity in the bench-scale unit.An FY96 add-on to the project will provide for development and testing of a combined sorbent-catalyst for removing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The material, dubbed "HART-49", was developed by Hampton University and RTI under a DOE-sponsored grant program. Previous testing has shown the material to be an effective remover of ammonia even at lower temperatures (500 to 550 deg C) and in the presence of high levels of hydrogen sulfide, a known poison to many decomposition catalysts.Five materials will be formulated with various binders and screened for attrition resistance and reactivity at atmospheric pressure. The best formulation will be selected for testing at high pressure in the bench-scalereactor. In addition, the baseline material (with no binders) will be tested at pressure, to assess improvement related to the addition of binders.Once this proof-of-concept stage has been completed, further development andtesting may be done through a costed option for extended testing. A second costed option for the project providesfor a fundamental catalyst poisoning study to determine the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation (and reactivation), so that catalyst performance can be maximized. This option was exercised during Dec. 1996. 12/16/1998 CONTRACT 12/31/1998 0 Feeley, Tom feeley@fetc.doe.gov (412) 892-6134 Simultaneous Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Using Mixed-Metal Oxide Sorbents 09/29/1992 FETC Fossil Energy Technology Center null NONE Durham 27709-2194 1998 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 21616 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/FETC-MGN--34149 09/30/1997 Selective synthesis of higher hydrocarbons is carried out by combining selective catalysts based on cation-exchanged zeolites for the non-oxidative conversion of light paraffins with continuous removal of either hydrogen or hydrocarbons using separation devices contained within catalytic reactors. Suchseparations are carried spatially by using inorganic hydrogen transport membranes with paraffin activation on M/H-ZSM5 in one side and H2 oxidation on theopposite side of thin oxide films used as membranes. Separations can also be carried out temporally in cyclic feed reactors using porous inorganic solidsthat absorb hydrogen or hydrocarbon products before undesired combustion reactions. These reactors minimize contact between reaction products and oxygen and prevent the undesired formation of CO2. Our initial experimental data and kinetic-transport simulations confirm that these schemes markedly increase hydrocarbons yields in methane and ethane conversion to olefins and aromatics. The proposed approach combines the synthesis and characterization of novel catalystsbased on isolated exchanged cations held within constrained pore structures that limit chain growth and prevent carbon formation, the design and preparationof thin films of hydrogen conducting perovskite oxides, and the rigorous simulation and experimental evaluation of reaction-separation protocols to increase hydrocarbon yield sin paraffin activation reactions. 12/16/1996 OTHER 11/09/1997 0 Driscoll, Daniel DDRISC@FETC.DOE.GOV (304)285-4717 Catalytic Conversion by Coupling Chemical Reactions and Separations A 10/01/1995 FETC-MGN Federal Energy Technology Center-Morgantown (FETC-MGN), Morgantown, WV www.metc.doe.gov NONE Berkeley 94720 1997 AB0550000 UTILIZATION 113000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/FETC-PGH--DE-AC21-92MC29011 09/30/1997 The objective of this work is to assess the suitability and performance of a high-temperature catalytic ammonia decomposition materials. Several catalystformulations shall be obtained for bench-scale testing in a high-pressure, high-temperature reactor using simulated coal-derived fuel-gases containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The performance of these formulations shall be compared with the results from previous, DOE-sponsored testing of ammonia decomposition catalysts. The formulations shall be capable of removing ammonia by at least 90 percent. Each formulation shall be screened and characterized byshort-term bench-scale testing. Up to two of the superior formulations shall be tested for long-term durability and chemical reactivity in the bench-scale unit.An FY96 add-on to the project will provide for development and testing of a combined sorbent-catalyst for removing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The material, dubbed "HART-49", was developed by Hampton University and RTI under a DOE-sponsored grant program. Previous testing has shown the material to be an effective remover of ammonia even at lower temperatures (500 to 550 deg C) and in the presence of high levels of hydrogen sulfide, a known poison to many decomposition catalysts.Five materials will be formulated with various binders and screened for attrition resistance and reactivity at atmospheric pressure. The best formulation will be selected for testing at high pressure in the bench-scale reactor. In addition, the baseline material (with no binders) will be tested at pressure, to assess improvement related to the addition of binders.Once this proof-of-concept stage has been completed, further development and testing maybe done through a costed option for extended testing. A second costed option for the project provides for a fundamental catalyst poisoning study to determine themechanisms of catalyst deactivation (and reactivation), so that catalyst performance can be maximized. This option was exercised during Dec. 1996. 11/09/1997 CONTRACT Feeley, Tom Simultaneous Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Using Mixed-Metal Oxide Sorbents 09/29/1992 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov NONE Durham 27709 1997 AA2015000 HIGH EFFICIENCY - INTEGRATED GASIFIED COMBINED CYC 150000 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) P/FETC-PGH--DE-FG22-92PC92525 08/31/1995 Hydrogen membranes capable of high temperatureoperation have promising applications to hydrogen production fromcoal, and to other fuels related processes. The principalinvestigator hasdeveloped a chemical vapor deposition techniqueusing SiCl4 andrelated precursors for depositing thin layers ofsilica on porousglass (Vycor) support tubes. The resultingmembrane structures have hydrogen permeance of 0.1cm 3(STP)/cm 12/16/1996 GRANT 02/02/1997 1997- Venkataraman, Venkat 304-285-4105 Silica Membranes for Hydrogen Separation from Coal Gas B 09/01/1992 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov FG22-92PC92525 Pasadena 91125 1996 AA1525050 0 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) George R. Gavalas California Institute of Technology P/FETC-PGH--FG22-92MT92018 05/31/1996 The present study aims to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the ceria sorbent for the simultaneous removal of SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x}, and to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO{sub 2} sorbents. The sulfation experiments indicated that 100% conversion of ceria can be attained. For regeneration with hydrogen, the activation energy and the reaction order with respect to hydrogen was found to be 114 kJ/mol and 0.56, respectively. The ceria sorbent preserved its activity and structural stability after 6 cycles. The order of the regeneration reaction with respect to methane was estimated as 0.76 and the activation energy of the reaction was estimated as 130 kJ/mol. During repeated sulfation-regeneration cycles the decrease in the sulfur capacity after the first cycle was slightly more when regeneration was done with methane compared to that observed with hydrogen regeneration. In the subsequent 4 cycles, the ceria sorbent preserved its sulfur capacity. The regenerated sorbent was able to capture 1.5 sulfur atoms per cerium atom in less than an hour of sulfation, compared to S/Ce of 2.5 for fresh sorbents and 2 for sorbents regenerated with hydrogen. 09/29/1992 GRANT 07/24/1997 Murphy, J. 412-892-4512 Investigation of Combined SO{sub 2}--NO{sub x} Removal by Ceria Sorbents B 12/01/1992 FETC-PGH Federal Energy Technology Center-Pittsburgh (FETC-PGH), Pittsburgh, PA www.petc.doe.gov FG22-92MT92018 Department of Engineering Hampton 23668 1996 AA1500000 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 39979 FE USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) Akyurtlu, A. HAMPTON UNIVERSITY