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Title: Magnetic coupling at rare earth ferromagnet/transition metal ferromagnet interfaces: A comprehensive study of Gd/Ni

Abstract

Thin film magnetic heterostructures with competing interfacial coupling and Zeeman energy provide a fertile ground to study phase transition between different equilibrium states as a function of external magnetic field and temperature. A rare-earth (RE)/transition metal (TM) ferromagnetic multilayer is a classic example where the magnetic state is determined by a competition between the Zeeman energy and antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling energy. Technologically, such structures offer the possibility to engineer the macroscopic magnetic response by tuning the microscopic interactions between the layers. We have performed an exhaustive study of nickel/gadolinium as a model system for understanding RE/TM multilayers using the element-specific measurement technique x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and determined the full magnetic state diagrams as a function of temperature and magnetic layer thickness. We compare our results to a modified Stoner-Wohlfarth-based model and provide evidence of a thickness-dependent transition to a magnetic fan state which is critical in understanding magnetoresistance effects in RE/TM systems. In conclusion, the results provide important insight for spintronics and superconducting spintronics where engineering tunable magnetic inhomogeneity is key for certain applications.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  2. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  4. Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Loughborough Univ., Loughborough (United Kingdom)
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
  6. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1307328
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Scientific Reports
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Higgs, T. D. C., Bonetti, S., Ohldag, H., Banerjee, N., Wang, X. L., Rosenberg, A. J., Cai, Z., Zhao, J. H., Moler, K. A., and Robinson, J. W. A. Magnetic coupling at rare earth ferromagnet/transition metal ferromagnet interfaces: A comprehensive study of Gd/Ni. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/srep30092.
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Higgs, T. D. C., Bonetti, S., Ohldag, H., Banerjee, N., Wang, X. L., Rosenberg, A. J., Cai, Z., Zhao, J. H., Moler, K. A., & Robinson, J. W. A. Magnetic coupling at rare earth ferromagnet/transition metal ferromagnet interfaces: A comprehensive study of Gd/Ni. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30092
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Higgs, T. D. C., Bonetti, S., Ohldag, H., Banerjee, N., Wang, X. L., Rosenberg, A. J., Cai, Z., Zhao, J. H., Moler, K. A., and Robinson, J. W. A. Fri . "Magnetic coupling at rare earth ferromagnet/transition metal ferromagnet interfaces: A comprehensive study of Gd/Ni". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30092. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1307328.
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@article{osti_1307328,
title = {Magnetic coupling at rare earth ferromagnet/transition metal ferromagnet interfaces: A comprehensive study of Gd/Ni},
author = {Higgs, T. D. C. and Bonetti, S. and Ohldag, H. and Banerjee, N. and Wang, X. L. and Rosenberg, A. J. and Cai, Z. and Zhao, J. H. and Moler, K. A. and Robinson, J. W. A.},
abstractNote = {Thin film magnetic heterostructures with competing interfacial coupling and Zeeman energy provide a fertile ground to study phase transition between different equilibrium states as a function of external magnetic field and temperature. A rare-earth (RE)/transition metal (TM) ferromagnetic multilayer is a classic example where the magnetic state is determined by a competition between the Zeeman energy and antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling energy. Technologically, such structures offer the possibility to engineer the macroscopic magnetic response by tuning the microscopic interactions between the layers. We have performed an exhaustive study of nickel/gadolinium as a model system for understanding RE/TM multilayers using the element-specific measurement technique x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and determined the full magnetic state diagrams as a function of temperature and magnetic layer thickness. We compare our results to a modified Stoner-Wohlfarth-based model and provide evidence of a thickness-dependent transition to a magnetic fan state which is critical in understanding magnetoresistance effects in RE/TM systems. In conclusion, the results provide important insight for spintronics and superconducting spintronics where engineering tunable magnetic inhomogeneity is key for certain applications.},
doi = {10.1038/srep30092},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Fri Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30092
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