In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing
Abstract
A low voltage electropolishing of metal wires is attractive for nanotechnology because it provides centimeter long and micrometer thick probes with the tip radius of tens of nanometers. Using X-ray nanotomography we studied morphological transformations of the surface of tungsten wires in a specially designed electrochemical cell where the wire is vertically submersed into the KOH electrolyte. We show that stability and uniformity of the probe span is supported by a porous shell growing at the surface of tungsten oxide and shielding the wire surface from flowing electrolyte. We discovered that the kinetics of shell growth at the triple line, where meniscus meets the wire, is very different from that of the bulk of electrolyte. Many metals follow similar electrochemical transformations hence the discovered morphological transformations of metal surfaces are expected to play significant role in many natural and technological applications.
- Authors:
-
- Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
- Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Photon Sciences Directorate
- Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1259264
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-98CH10886; FA9550-12-1-0458
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Citation Formats
Nave, Maryana I., Allen, Jason P., Karen Chen-Wiegart, Yu-chen, Wang, Jun, Kalidindi, Surya R., and Kornev, Konstantin G. In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1038/srep15257.
Nave, Maryana I., Allen, Jason P., Karen Chen-Wiegart, Yu-chen, Wang, Jun, Kalidindi, Surya R., & Kornev, Konstantin G. In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15257
Nave, Maryana I., Allen, Jason P., Karen Chen-Wiegart, Yu-chen, Wang, Jun, Kalidindi, Surya R., and Kornev, Konstantin G. Thu .
"In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15257. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1259264.
@article{osti_1259264,
title = {In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing},
author = {Nave, Maryana I. and Allen, Jason P. and Karen Chen-Wiegart, Yu-chen and Wang, Jun and Kalidindi, Surya R. and Kornev, Konstantin G.},
abstractNote = {A low voltage electropolishing of metal wires is attractive for nanotechnology because it provides centimeter long and micrometer thick probes with the tip radius of tens of nanometers. Using X-ray nanotomography we studied morphological transformations of the surface of tungsten wires in a specially designed electrochemical cell where the wire is vertically submersed into the KOH electrolyte. We show that stability and uniformity of the probe span is supported by a porous shell growing at the surface of tungsten oxide and shielding the wire surface from flowing electrolyte. We discovered that the kinetics of shell growth at the triple line, where meniscus meets the wire, is very different from that of the bulk of electrolyte. Many metals follow similar electrochemical transformations hence the discovered morphological transformations of metal surfaces are expected to play significant role in many natural and technological applications.},
doi = {10.1038/srep15257},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = ,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 4 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Visualizing Gas Molecules Interacting with Supported Nanoparticulate Catalysts at Reaction Conditions
journal, January 2012
- Yoshida, H.; Kuwauchi, Y.; Jinschek, J. R.
- Science, Vol. 335, Issue 6066
Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes †
journal, December 2006
- Hermans, Andre; Wightman, R. Mark
- Langmuir, Vol. 22, Issue 25
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Silver Oxidation in Ionized/Atomic Gas
journal, December 2011
- Sun, Li; Noh, Kyong Wook; Wen, Jian-Guo
- Langmuir, Vol. 27, Issue 23
Electrostatic nanolithography in polymers using atomic force microscopy
journal, June 2003
- Lyuksyutov, Sergei F.; Vaia, Richard A.; Paramonov, Pavel B.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Lipid Bilayers in Water with an Alumina- and Silver-coated Tungsten Tip
journal, September 2013
- Nakata, Atsushi; Nomoto, Tomonori; Toyota, Taro
- Analytical Sciences, Vol. 29, Issue 9
Conductive nichrome probe tips: fabrication, characterization and application as nanotools
journal, September 2009
- Peng, Yong; Cullis, Tony; Möbus, Günter
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, Issue 39
The impact of viscosity of the electrolyte on the formation of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide
journal, July 2014
- Stępniowski, Wojciech J.; Forbot, Dominika; Norek, Małgorzata
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 133
The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement
journal, September 2011
- Luo, J.; Cheng, H.; Asl, K. M.
- Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6050
Capillary and Surface Effects in the Formation of Nanosharp Tungsten Tips by Electropolishing
journal, April 2009
- Kulakov, M.; Luzinov, I.; Kornev, K. G.
- Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Joule Heat Welding of Thin Platinum and Tungsten Wires and the Thermoelectric Effects Around Bi-Metal Junctions
journal, April 2013
- Tohmyoh, Hironori; Tanaka, Tomochika; Fujimori, Masato
- Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing, Vol. 1, Issue 2
Fabrication of silver tips for scanning tunneling microscope induced luminescence
journal, August 2011
- Zhang, C.; Gao, B.; Chen, L. G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 8
Origin of self-organisation in porous anodic alumina films derived from analogy with Rayleigh–Bénard convection cells
journal, January 2011
- Pashchanka, Mikhail; Schneider, Jörg J.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 46
On the Theory of the Semiconductor/Electrolyte‐Interface (I)
journal, August 1990
- Odenweller, T.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 8
Bottom-up Nanoconstruction by the Welding of Individual Metallic Nanoobjects Using Nanoscale Solder
journal, January 2009
- Peng, Yong; Cullis, Tony; Inkson, Beverley
- Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Scanning Probe Microscopy – Principle of Operation, Instrumentation, and Probes
book, January 2011
- Bhushan, Bharat; Marti, Othmar
- Nanotribology and Nanomechanics I
Electrochemical etching of metal wires in low-stress electric contact using a liquid metal electrode to fabricate tips for scanning tunneling microscopy
journal, November 2013
- Nishimura, Takashi; Hassan, Amer Mahmoud Amer; Tomitori, Masahiko
- Applied Surface Science, Vol. 284
Preparation of cantilevered W tips for atomic force microscopy and apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy
journal, August 2002
- Sun, W. X.; Shen, Z. X.; Cheong, F. C.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 73, Issue 8
Optimization of STM/FIM nanotip aspect ratio based on the Taguchi method
journal, October 2008
- Tahmasebipour, Gh.; Hojjat, Y.; Ahmadi, V.
- The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 1-2
Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Lipid Bilayers in Water with an Alumina- and Silver-coated Tungsten Tip
journal, September 2013
- Nakata, Atsushi; Nomoto, Tomonori; Toyota, Taro
- Analytical Sciences, Vol. 29, Issue 9
Preparation and evaluation of tungsten tips relative to diamond for nanoindentation of soft materials
journal, June 2001
- Grunlan, Jaime C.; Xia, Xinyun; Rowenhorst, David
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, Issue 6
Electrostatic nanolithography in polymers using atomic force microscopy
journal, June 2003
- Lyuksyutov, Sergei F.; Vaia, Richard A.; Paramonov, Pavel B.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Bottom-up Nanoconstruction by the Welding of Individual Metallic Nanoobjects Using Nanoscale Solder
journal, January 2009
- Peng, Yong; Cullis, Tony; Inkson, Beverley
- Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Joule Heat Welding of Thin Platinum and Tungsten Wires and the Thermoelectric Effects Around Bi-Metal Junctions
journal, April 2013
- Tohmyoh, Hironori; Tanaka, Tomochika; Fujimori, Masato
- Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing, Vol. 1, Issue 2
Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes †
journal, December 2006
- Hermans, Andre; Wightman, R. Mark
- Langmuir, Vol. 22, Issue 25
Microelectrode for energy and current control of nanotip field electron emitters
journal, November 2013
- Lüneburg, S.; Müller, M.; Paarmann, A.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 21
Permalloy-coated tungsten probe for magnetic manipulation of micro droplets
journal, April 2008
- Yapici, Murat Kaya; Zou, Jun
- Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Transport-limited electrochemical formation of long nanosharp probes from tungsten
journal, August 2013
- Nave, M.; Rubin, B.; Maximov, V.
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 24, Issue 35
Improved method for end-column amperometric detection for capillary electrophoresis
journal, March 1993
- Sloss, Sandra.; Ewing, Andrew G.
- Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 5
Very sharp platinum tips for scanning tunneling microscopy
journal, January 1995
- Libioulle, L.; Houbion, Y.; Gilles, J. ‐M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 66, Issue 1
Conductive nichrome probe tips: fabrication, characterization and application as nanotools
journal, September 2009
- Peng, Yong; Cullis, Tony; Möbus, Günter
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, Issue 39
Electrochemically etched nickel tips for spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy
journal, January 2000
- Cavallini, Massimiliano; Biscarini, Fabio
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 71, Issue 12
Fabrication of gold tips suitable for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
journal, January 2008
- Williams, Craig; Roy, Debdulal
- Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Fabrication of silver tips for scanning tunneling microscope induced luminescence
journal, August 2011
- Zhang, C.; Gao, B.; Chen, L. G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 8
Preparation and characterization of electrochemically etched Re tips for STM
journal, March 1994
- Watanabe, M. O.; Kinno, T.
- Applied Surface Science, Vol. 76-77
Method of electrochemical etching of tungsten tips with controllable profiles
journal, August 2012
- Chang, Wei-Tse; Hwang, Ing-Shouh; Chang, Mu-Tung
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 8
Visualizing Gas Molecules Interacting with Supported Nanoparticulate Catalysts at Reaction Conditions
journal, January 2012
- Yoshida, H.; Kuwauchi, Y.; Jinschek, J. R.
- Science, Vol. 335, Issue 6066
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Silver Oxidation in Ionized/Atomic Gas
journal, December 2011
- Sun, Li; Noh, Kyong Wook; Wen, Jian-Guo
- Langmuir, Vol. 27, Issue 23
Dynamic microscopy of nanoscale cluster growth at the solid–liquid interface
journal, July 2003
- Williamson, M. J.; Tromp, R. M.; Vereecken, P. M.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8
The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement
journal, September 2011
- Luo, J.; Cheng, H.; Asl, K. M.
- Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6050
On the electrochemical etching of tips for scanning tunneling microscopy
journal, July 1990
- Ibe, J. P.; Bey, P. P.; Brandow, S. L.
- Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Characterization of electrochemically etched tungsten tips for scanning tunneling microscopy
journal, October 1999
- Müller, A. -D.; Müller, F.; Hietschold, M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 70, Issue 10
Effect of pH on the Anodic Behavior of Tungsten
journal, January 2002
- Anik, M.; Osseo-Asare, K.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 149, Issue 6
Capillary and Surface Effects in the Formation of Nanosharp Tungsten Tips by Electropolishing
journal, April 2009
- Kulakov, M.; Luzinov, I.; Kornev, K. G.
- Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Automated markerless full field hard x-ray microscopic tomography at sub-50 nm 3-dimension spatial resolution
journal, April 2012
- Wang, Jun; Karen Chen, Yu-chen; Yuan, Qingxi
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 14
In situ TEM imaging of CaCO3 nucleation reveals coexistence of direct and indirect pathways
journal, September 2014
- Nielsen, M. H.; Aloni, S.; De Yoreo, J. J.
- Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6201
Origin of self-organisation in porous anodic alumina films derived from analogy with Rayleigh–Bénard convection cells
journal, January 2011
- Pashchanka, Mikhail; Schneider, Jörg J.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 46
Fabrication of high quality anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) on low purity aluminum—A comparative study with the AAO produced on high purity aluminum
journal, August 2013
- Michalska-Domańska, Marta; Norek, Małgorzata; Stępniowski, Wojciech J.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 105
The impact of viscosity of the electrolyte on the formation of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide
journal, July 2014
- Stępniowski, Wojciech J.; Forbot, Dominika; Norek, Małgorzata
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 133
The Migration of Metal and Oxygen during Anodic Film Formation
journal, January 1965
- Davies, J. A.; Domeij, B.; Pringle, J. P. S.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 112, Issue 7
The effect of electrolyte anions incorporated into anodic oxide films on the experimental transport numbers of ions
journal, April 2011
- Mirzoev, R. A.; Davydov, A. D.; Stepanova, N. I.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 56, Issue 11
Crystalline Anodic Oxide Growth on Aluminum Foil in an Aqueous Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Anodization Electrolyte
journal, July 1985
- Chen, C. T.; Hutchins, G. A.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 7
The Nature of Oxide Films on Tungsten in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions
journal, January 1998
- Lillard, R. S.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 8
The Anodic Oxidation of Tungsten in Aqueous Base
journal, June 1977
- Kelsey, G. Stephen
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 6
On the Theory of the Semiconductor/Electrolyte‐Interface (I)
journal, August 1990
- Odenweller, T.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 8
Write-once optical recording using WO2 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
journal, June 2006
- Aoki, Takanori; Matsushita, Tatsuhiko; Suzuki, Akio
- Thin Solid Films, Vol. 509, Issue 1-2
The multi-surface structure and catalytic properties of partially reduced WO3, WO2 and WC + O2 or W + O2 as characterized by XPS
journal, December 1995
- Katrib, A.; Hemming, F.; Wehrer, P.
- Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 76