The Madden-Julian oscillation in ECHAM4 coupled and uncoupled general circulation models
Abstract
The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) dominates tropical variability on timescales of 30–70 days. During the boreal winter/spring, it is manifested as an eastward propagating disturbance, with a strong convective signature over the eastern hemisphere. The space–time structure of the MJO is analyzed using simulations with the ECHAM4 atmospheric general circulation model run with observed monthly mean sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), and coupled to three different ocean models. The coherence of the eastward propagation of MJO convection is sensitive to the ocean model to which ECHAM4 is coupled. For ECHAM4/OPYC and ECHO-G, models for which ~100 years of daily data is available, Monte Carlo sampling indicates that their metrics of eastward propagation are different at the 1% significance level. The flux-adjusted coupled simulations, ECHAM4/OPYC and ECHO-G, maintain a more realistic mean-state, and have a more realistic MJO simulation than the nonadjusted scale interaction experiment (SINTEX) coupled runs. The SINTEX model exhibits a cold bias in Indian Ocean and tropical West Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperature of ~0.5°C. This cold bias affects the distribution of time-mean convection over the tropical eastern hemisphere. Furthermore, the eastward propagation of MJO convection in this model is not as coherent as in the two models that used flux adjustmentmore »
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Bologna (Italy)
- Max Planck Institute of Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1253672
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-JRNL-205527
Journal ID: ISSN 0930-7575
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Climate Dynamics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 25; Journal Issue: 2-3; Journal ID: ISSN 0930-7575
- Publisher:
- Springer-Verlag
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Sperber, Kenneth R., Gualdi, Silvio, Legutke, Stephanie, and Gayler, Veronika. The Madden-Julian oscillation in ECHAM4 coupled and uncoupled general circulation models. United States: N. p., 2005.
Web. doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0026-3.
Sperber, Kenneth R., Gualdi, Silvio, Legutke, Stephanie, & Gayler, Veronika. The Madden-Julian oscillation in ECHAM4 coupled and uncoupled general circulation models. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0026-3
Sperber, Kenneth R., Gualdi, Silvio, Legutke, Stephanie, and Gayler, Veronika. Wed .
"The Madden-Julian oscillation in ECHAM4 coupled and uncoupled general circulation models". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0026-3. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253672.
@article{osti_1253672,
title = {The Madden-Julian oscillation in ECHAM4 coupled and uncoupled general circulation models},
author = {Sperber, Kenneth R. and Gualdi, Silvio and Legutke, Stephanie and Gayler, Veronika},
abstractNote = {The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) dominates tropical variability on timescales of 30–70 days. During the boreal winter/spring, it is manifested as an eastward propagating disturbance, with a strong convective signature over the eastern hemisphere. The space–time structure of the MJO is analyzed using simulations with the ECHAM4 atmospheric general circulation model run with observed monthly mean sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), and coupled to three different ocean models. The coherence of the eastward propagation of MJO convection is sensitive to the ocean model to which ECHAM4 is coupled. For ECHAM4/OPYC and ECHO-G, models for which ~100 years of daily data is available, Monte Carlo sampling indicates that their metrics of eastward propagation are different at the 1% significance level. The flux-adjusted coupled simulations, ECHAM4/OPYC and ECHO-G, maintain a more realistic mean-state, and have a more realistic MJO simulation than the nonadjusted scale interaction experiment (SINTEX) coupled runs. The SINTEX model exhibits a cold bias in Indian Ocean and tropical West Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperature of ~0.5°C. This cold bias affects the distribution of time-mean convection over the tropical eastern hemisphere. Furthermore, the eastward propagation of MJO convection in this model is not as coherent as in the two models that used flux adjustment or when compared to an integration of ECHAM4 with prescribed observed SST. This result suggests that simulating a realistic basic state is at least as important as air–sea interaction for organizing the MJO. While all of the coupled models simulate the warm (cold) SST anomalies that precede (succeed) the MJO convection, the interaction of the components of the net surface heat flux that lead to these anomalies are different over the Indian Ocean. The ECHAM4/OPYC model in which the atmospheric model is run at a horizontal resolution of T42, has eastward propagating zonal wind anomalies and latent heat flux anomalies. However, the integrations with ECHO-G and SINTEX, which used T30 atmospheres, produce westward propagation of the latent heat flux anomalies, contrary to reanalysis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the differing ability of the models to represent the near-surface westerlies over the Indian Ocean is related to the different horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric model employed.},
doi = {10.1007/s00382-005-0026-3},
journal = {Climate Dynamics},
number = 2-3,
volume = 25,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2005},
month = {Wed Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2005}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Simulation of the Intraseasonal Oscillation in the ECHAM-4 Model: The Impact of Coupling with an Ocean Model*
journal, May 2002
- Kemball-Cook, Susan; Wang, Bin; Fu, Xiouhua
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 9
The Feedback between Equatorial Convection and Local Radiative and Evaporative Processes: The Implications for Intraseasonal Oscillations
journal, October 1997
- Flatau, Maria; Flatau, Piotr J.; Phoebus, Patricia
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 19
Genesis and Evolution of the 1997-98 El Nino
journal, February 1999
- McPhaden, M. J.
- Science, Vol. 283, Issue 5404
Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject
journal, April 1996
- Slingo, J. M.; Sperber, K. R.; Boyle, J. S.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs
journal, November 1997
- Xie, Pingping; Arkin, Phillip A.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 78, Issue 11
Breaking the Cloud Parameterization Deadlock
journal, November 2003
- Randall, David; Khairoutdinov, Marat; Arakawa, Akio
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 84, Issue 11
Observations of the 40–50-Day Tropical Oscillation—A Review
journal, May 1994
- Madden, Roland A.; Julian, Paul R.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 122, Issue 5
Madden-Julian variability in NCAR CAM2.0 and CCSM2.0
journal, August 2004
- Sperber, K. R.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 23, Issue 3-4
The Relationship between Convection and Sea Surface Temperature on Intraseasonal Timescales
journal, June 2000
- Woolnough, S. J.; Slingo, J. M.; Hoskins, B. J.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 13, Issue 12
Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Appearing in Operational Analyses and in a Family of General Circulation Models
journal, May 1997
- Gualdi, Silvio; Navarra, Antonio; von Storch, Hans
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 9
Large-Scale Atmospheric Moisture Transport as Evaluated in the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO Reanalyses
journal, July 1996
- Mo, Kingtse C.; Higgins, R. Wayne
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 9, Issue 7
The Equatorial 30-60 day Oscillation and the Arakawa-Schubert Penetrative Cumulus Parameterization [赤道域30-60日振動と荒川•Shubert積雲対流モデル]
journal, January 1988
- Tokioka, Tatsushi; Yamazaki, Koji; Kitoh, Akio
- Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 66, Issue 6
Interannual Variation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Austral Summer
journal, August 1999
- Hendon, Harry H.; Zhang, Chidong; Glick, John D.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Coupled General Circulation Model. Part II: The Role of the Basic State
journal, February 2003
- Inness, Peter M.; Slingo, Julia M.; Guilyardi, Eric
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 16, Issue 3
Atmospheric response to observed intraseasonal tropical sea surface temperature anomalies
journal, January 2004
- Matthews, Adrian J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 14
The Role of Low-Level Moisture Convergence and Ocean Latent Heat Fluxes in the Madden and Julian Oscillation: An Observational Analysis Using ISCCP Data and ECMWF Analyses
journal, December 1996
- Jones, Charles; Weare, Bryan C.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 9, Issue 12
Intraseasonal Surface Fluxes in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans from NCEP Reanalyses
journal, May 1999
- Shinoda, Toshiaki; Hendon, Harry H.; Glick, John
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 127, Issue 5
Propagation and the Vertical Structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, December 2003
- Sperber, Kenneth R.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 131, Issue 12
The interannual variability of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in an ensemble of GCM simulations
journal, September 1999
- Gualdi, S.; Navarra, A.; Tinarelli, G.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 15, Issue 9
The Dependence on Convection Parameterization of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Simulated by the UIUC 11-Layer Atmospheric GCM
journal, May 1999
- Wang, Wanqiu; Schlesinger, Michael E.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño*
journal, May 2004
- McPhaden, Michael J.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 85, Issue 5
Mixed Layer Modeling of Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans
journal, October 1998
- Shinoda, Toshiaki; Hendon, Harry H.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 11, Issue 10
A Comprehensive Mass Flux Scheme for Cumulus Parameterization in Large-Scale Models
journal, August 1989
- Tiedtke, M.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 117, Issue 8
Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled-Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment
journal, February 1996
- Fairall, C. W.; Bradley, E. F.; Rogers, D. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 101, Issue C2
Impact of Air–Sea Coupling on the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a General Circulation Model
journal, December 2000
- Hendon, Harry H.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 57, Issue 24
Intraseasonal Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns during the Northern Hemisphere Winter
journal, February 1988
- Murakami, Takio
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 1, Issue 2
Frictional Moisture Convergence in a Composite Life Cycle of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, September 1998
- Maloney, Eric D.; Hartmann, Dennis L.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Simulation of the Atlantic Circulation with a Coupled Sea Ice-Mixed Layer-Isopycnal General Circulation Model. Part I: Model Description
journal, May 1993
- Oberhuber, Josef M.
- Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 23, Issue 5
The intraseasonal oscillation in ECHAM4 Part II: sensitivity studies
journal, May 2004
- Liess, S.; Bengtsson, L.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 22, Issue 6-7
On the maintenance and initiation of the intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and in the GLA and UKMO AMIP simulations
journal, November 1997
- Sperber, K. R.; Slingo, J. M.; Inness, P. M.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 13, Issue 11
Simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Coupled General Circulation Model. Part I: Comparison with Observations and an Atmosphere-Only GCM
journal, February 2003
- Inness, Peter M.; Slingo, Julia M.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 16, Issue 3
The intraseasonal oscillation in ECHAM4 Part I: coupled to a comprehensive ocean model
journal, May 2004
- Liess, S.; Bengtsson, L.; Arpe, K.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 22, Issue 6-7
The interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean as simulated by a CGCM
journal, January 2003
- Gualdi, S.; Guilyardi, E.; Navarra, A.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 20, Issue 6
The Influence of Coupled Sea Surface Temperatures on the Madden–Julian Oscillation: A Model Perturbation Experiment
journal, February 1999
- Waliser, Duane E.; Lau, K. M.; Kim, Jae-Hoon
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 56, Issue 3
The Development and Verification of A Cloud Prediction Scheme For the Ecmwf Model
journal, July 1987
- Slingo, J. M.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 113, Issue 477
The Life Cycle of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, August 1994
- Hendon, Harry H.; Salby, Murry L.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 51, Issue 15
Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum Interpolation
journal, June 1994
- Reynolds, Richard W.; Smith, Thomas M.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 7, Issue 6
Intraseasonal (30–60 Day) Fluctuations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation and 250 mb Streamfunction during Northern Winter
journal, June 1985
- Weickmann, Klaus M.; Lussky, Glenn R.; Kutzbach, John E.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 113, Issue 6
Organization of tropical convection in a GCM with varying vertical resolution; implications for the simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
journal, July 2001
- Inness, P. M.; Slingo, J. M.; Woolnough, S. J.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 17, Issue 10
Tropical-Extratropical Interaction Associated with the 30–60 Day Oscillation and Its Impact on Medium and Extended Range Prediction
journal, September 1990
- Ferranti, L.; Palmer, T. N.; Molteni, F.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 18
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
journal, March 1996
- Kalnay, E.; Kanamitsu, M.; Kistler, R.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, Issue 3
Mechanisms for ENSO Phase Change in a Coupled GCM
journal, April 2003
- Guilyardi, Eric; Delecluse, Pascale; Gualdi, Silvio
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 16, Issue 8
Extreme Precipitation Events in the Western United States Related to Tropical Forcing
journal, February 2000
- Higgins, R. W.; Schemm, J-K. E.; Shi, W.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 13, Issue 4
The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
journal, May 2001
- Guilyardi, E.; Madec, G.; Terray, L.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 17, Issue 8
Tropical Influences on California Precipitation
journal, March 1998
- Mo, Kingtse C.; Higgins, R. Wayne
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 11, Issue 3
The organization of tropical convection by intraseasonal sea surface temperature anomalies
journal, April 2001
- Woolnough, S. J.; Slingo, J. M.; Hoskins, B. J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 127, Issue 573
Works referencing / citing this record:
Atmospheric component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6: ECHAM6
journal, April 2013
- Stevens, Bjorn; Giorgetta, Marco; Esch, Monika
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5: Climate Changes in MPI-ESM
journal, July 2013
- Giorgetta, Marco A.; Jungclaus, Johann; Reick, Christian H.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Effects of the diurnal cycle in solar radiation on the tropical Indian Ocean mixed layer variability during wintertime Madden-Julian Oscillations: EFFECTS OF DIURNAL CYCLE DURING MJO
journal, October 2013
- Li, Yuanlong; Han, Weiqing; Shinoda, Toshiaki
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 118, Issue 10
The role of air-sea coupling in the simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in the Hadley Centre model: Air-Sea Coupling and the MJO
journal, February 2014
- Klingaman, N. P.; Woolnough, S. J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 140, Issue 684
The tropical intraseasonal oscillation in SAMIL coupled and uncoupled general circulation models
journal, April 2012
- Yang, Jing; Bao, Qing; Wang, Xiaocong
- Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Simulations of the Madden–Julian oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models
journal, May 2006
- Zhang, Chidong; Dong, Min; Gualdi, Silvio
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 27, Issue 6
Sensitivity of MJO simulations to diabatic heating profiles
journal, September 2008
- Li, Chongyin; Jia, Xiaolong; Ling, Jian
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 32, Issue 2-3
Role of the atmospheric mean state on the initiation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in a tropical channel model
journal, June 2010
- Ray, Pallav; Zhang, Chidong; Moncrieff, Mitchell W.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 36, Issue 1-2
MJO simulation in CMIP5 climate models: MJO skill metrics and process-oriented diagnosis
journal, March 2017
- Ahn, Min-Seop; Kim, Daehyun; Sperber, Kenneth R.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 49, Issue 11-12
Effects of high-frequency activity on latent heat flux of MJO
journal, April 2018
- Gao, Yingxia; Hsu, Pang-Chi; Li, Tim
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 52, Issue 3-4
Evaluation of multi-decadal UCLA-CFSv2 simulation and impact of interactive atmospheric-ocean feedback on global and regional variability
journal, July 2018
- Lee, Jiwoo; Xue, Yongkang; De Sales, Fernando
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 52, Issue 5-6
Quantifying the agreement between observed and simulated extratropical modes of interannual variability
journal, July 2018
- Lee, Jiwoo; Sperber, Kenneth R.; Gleckler, Peter J.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 52, Issue 7-8
Validity of parameter optimization in improving MJO simulation and prediction using the sub-seasonal to seasonal forecast model of Beijing Climate Center
journal, July 2018
- Liu, Xiangwen; Li, Weijing; Wu, Tongwen
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 52, Issue 7-8
Intraseasonal variability of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature during boreal winter: Madden-Julian Oscillation versus submonthly forcing and processes
journal, January 2007
- Han, Weiqing; Yuan, Dongliang; Liu, W. Timothy
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue C4
Indian Ocean intraseasonal sea surface temperature variability during boreal summer: Madden‐Julian Oscillation versus submonthly forcing and processes
journal, January 2009
- Duncan, Benét; Han, Weiqing
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue C5
Transient Response of MJO Precipitation and Circulation to Greenhouse Gas Forcing
journal, November 2019
- Bui, Hien X.; Maloney, Eric D.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 22
The Convection Connection: How Ocean Feedbacks Affect Tropical Mean Moisture and MJO Propagation
journal, November 2019
- DeMott, Charlotte A.; Klingaman, Nicholas P.; Tseng, Wan‐Ling
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 22