Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Ye, Peng; Vander Wal, Randy; Boehman, Andre L.; Toops, Todd J.; Daw, C. Stuart; Sun, Chenxi; Lapuerta, Magin; Agudelo, John

doi:10.1177/1468087414564229

Title: Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Abstract

The effect of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the morphology of exhaust particulate agglomerates and the nanostructure of primary particles (soot) was investigated with a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine. The engine was operated at steady state on a dynamometer running at moderate speed with both low (30%) and medium–high (60%) fixed loads, and exhaust particulate was sampled for analysis. Ultra-low sulfur diesel and its 20% v/v blends with soybean methyl ester biodiesel were used. Fuel injection occurred in a single event around top dead center at three different injection pressures. Exhaust particulate samples were characterized with TEM imaging, scanning mobility particle sizing, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. Particulate morphology and oxidative reactivity were found to vary significantly with rail pressure and with biodiesel blend level. Higher biodiesel content led to increases in the primary particle size and oxidative reactivity but did not affect nanoscale disorder in the as-received samples. For particulates generated with higher injection pressures, the initial oxidative reactivity increased, but there was no detectable correlation with primary particle size or nanoscale disorder.

Authors:

Ye, Peng ^[1]; Vander Wal, Randy ^[2]; Boehman, Andre L. ^[3]; Toops, Todd J. ^[4]; Daw, C. Stuart ^[4]; Sun, Chenxi ^[3]; Lapuerta, Magin ^[5]; Agudelo, John ^[6]

The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Hess Corporation, New York, NY (United States)
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real (Spain)
Univ. de Antioquia, Medellin (Colombia)

Publication Date:: Fri Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2014

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Fuels, Engines and Emissions Research Center and National Transportation Research Center (NTRC)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1213314

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Engine Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 40; Journal Issue: 36; Journal ID: ISSN 1468-0874

Publisher:: SAGE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 09 BIOMASS FUELS

Citation Formats


                    Ye, Peng, Vander Wal, Randy, Boehman, Andre L., Toops, Todd J., Daw, C. Stuart, Sun, Chenxi, Lapuerta, Magin, and Agudelo, John. Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1177/1468087414564229.

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                    Ye, Peng, Vander Wal, Randy, Boehman, Andre L., Toops, Todd J., Daw, C. Stuart, Sun, Chenxi, Lapuerta, Magin, & Agudelo, John. Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087414564229

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                    Ye, Peng, Vander Wal, Randy, Boehman, Andre L., Toops, Todd J., Daw, C. Stuart, Sun, Chenxi, Lapuerta, Magin, and Agudelo, John. Fri .  
"Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087414564229.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1213314.

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@article{osti_1213314,

  title        = {Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine},

  author       = {Ye, Peng and Vander Wal, Randy and Boehman, Andre L. and Toops, Todd J. and Daw, C. Stuart and Sun, Chenxi and Lapuerta, Magin and Agudelo, John},

  abstractNote = {The effect of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the morphology of exhaust particulate agglomerates and the nanostructure of primary particles (soot) was investigated with a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine. The engine was operated at steady state on a dynamometer running at moderate speed with both low (30%) and medium–high (60%) fixed loads, and exhaust particulate was sampled for analysis. Ultra-low sulfur diesel and its 20% v/v blends with soybean methyl ester biodiesel were used. Fuel injection occurred in a single event around top dead center at three different injection pressures. Exhaust particulate samples were characterized with TEM imaging, scanning mobility particle sizing, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. Particulate morphology and oxidative reactivity were found to vary significantly with rail pressure and with biodiesel blend level. Higher biodiesel content led to increases in the primary particle size and oxidative reactivity but did not affect nanoscale disorder in the as-received samples. For particulates generated with higher injection pressures, the initial oxidative reactivity increased, but there was no detectable correlation with primary particle size or nanoscale disorder.},

  doi          = {10.1177/1468087414564229},

  journal      = {International Journal of Engine Research},

  number       = 36,

  volume       = 40,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2014},

  month        = {Fri Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2014}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Nanostructure and Volatility of Particles Emitted by a Direct-injection Diesel Engine
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Wei, L.; Cheung, C. S.; Ning, Z.
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Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine
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DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3444887

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Title: Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Abstract

Citation Formats

Development of an HRTEM image analysis method to quantify carbon nanostructure journal, September 2011

Effect of engine operating conditions on the size of primary particles composing diesel soot agglomerates journal, April 2007

Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons journal, October 1951

Advantages of soft X-ray absorption over TEM-EELS for solid carbon studies––a comparative study on diesel soot with EELS and NEXAFS journal, January 2005

Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment on Oxidative Reactivity and Properties of Diesel Soot journal, February 2011

Raman spectroscopic characterization of some commercially available carbon black materials journal, January 1995

Examination of the oxidation behavior of biodiesel soot journal, September 2006

Effects of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Biodiesel Fuel on the Chemical, Mutagenic, and Particle Size Characteristics of Emissions from a Diesel Engine journal, May 1998

Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon journal, May 2000

Collisions between point masses and fractal aggregates journal, March 1989

Influence of Diesel Engine Combustion Parameters on Primary Soot Particle Diameter journal, March 2005

Effect of operating conditions on the size, morphology, and concentration of submicrometer particulates emitted from a diesel engine journal, July 2006

Crystallogenesis of Particles Formed in Hydrocarbon Combustion journal, October 2000

Impact of Alternative Fuels on soot Properties and dpf Regeneration journal, August 2007

Equilibrium nanostructure of primary soot particles journal, January 2000

Physical and chemical comparison of soot in hydrocarbon and biodiesel fuel diffusion flames: A study of model and commercial fuels journal, January 2011

Soot nanostructure: dependence upon synthesis conditions journal, January 2004

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVE SURFACE AREA IN THE CARBON-OXYGEN REACTION 1,2 journal, October 1963

Impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the oxidative reactivity of diesel engine soot journal, December 2008

Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Diesel Soot and the Regeneration of Particulate Filters journal, September 2005

Effect of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions during diesel engine operation with matched combustion phasing journal, February 2010

Morphology and Raman Spectra of Engine-Emitted Particulates journal, May 2011

Oxygen Reactivity of Devolatilized Diesel Engine Particulates from Conventional and Biodiesel Fuels journal, June 2013

Initial Investigation of Effects of Fuel Oxygenation on Nanostructure of Soot from a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine journal, September 2006

Composition and size of diesel particulate emissions from a commercial European engine tested with present and future fuels journal, October 2003

A method to determine the fractal dimension of diesel soot agglomerates journal, November 2006

Soot formation in laminar diffusion flames at elevated temperatures journal, January 1992

Impacts of Oxygen Diffusion on the Combustion Rate of In-Bed Soot Particles journal, April 2010

The effect of diesel engine conditions on the size and morphology of soot particles journal, January 2009

Morphological investigation of the microstructure, dimensions, and fractal geometry of diesel particulates journal, January 2002

Soot oxidation journal, July 2003

Aerodynamic and Mobility Size Distribution Measurements to Reveal Biodiesel Effects on Diesel Exhaust Aerosol journal, March 2011

Fractal and projected structure properties of soot aggregates journal, March 1995

Forensics of soot: C5-related nanostructure as a diagnostic of in-cylinder chemistry journal, November 2013

Raman microspectroscopy of soot and related carbonaceous materials: Spectral analysis and structural information journal, July 2005

Measurement and analysis of soot inception limits of oxygen-enriched coflow flames journal, November 2006

The surface structure and reactivity of black carbon journal, December 1995

Characterisation of Soot Emitted by Domestic Heating, Aircraft and Cars Using Diesel or Biodiesel journal, September 2005

Impact of crude vegetable oils on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter journal, November 2014

Reactivity of heat-treated coals in air at 500 °C journal, October 1973

Relationship between structure and reactivity of carbonaceous materials journal, January 2004

Evolution of the nanostructure, fractal dimension and size of in-cylinder soot during diesel combustion process journal, August 2011

Impact of engine operating modes and combustion phasing on the reactivity of diesel soot journal, March 2013

Effects of engine operating conditions on morphology, microstructure, and fractal geometry of light-duty diesel engine particulates journal, January 2005

Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines journal, December 2010

Kinetics of oxidation and chemisorption of oxygen for porous carbons with high surface area journal, January 1986

Impact of fuel formulation on the nanostructure and reactivity of diesel soot journal, December 2012

Morphology-controlled reactivity of carbonaceous materials towards oxidation journal, May 2005

Effect of fuel on the soot nanostructure and consequences on loading and regeneration of diesel particulate filters journal, February 2012

A TEM Methodology for the Study of Soot Particle Structure journal, July 1997

Engines and nanoparticles journal, June 1998

Importance of carbon active sites in the gasification of coal chars journal, July 1983

Restructuring of soot particles: Experimental study journal, September 1996

The deconvolution of the thermal, dilution, and chemical effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the reactivity of engine and flame soot journal, September 2011

Determination of kinetic data for soot oxidation. Modeling of competition between oxygen diffusion and reaction during thermogravimetric analysis☆ journal, October 1993

Effects on Particle Size Distribution from the Diesel Engine Operating on RME-Biodiesel with EGR journal, July 2006

Kinetics and Catalysis of Carbon Gasification book, January 1989

Soot formation in strained diffusion flames with gaseous additives journal, July 1995

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Nanostructure and Volatility of Particles Emitted by a Direct-injection Diesel Engine text, January 2016

Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine journal, June 2016

Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine text, January 2016

Development of an HRTEM image analysis method to quantify carbon nanostructure
journal, September 2011

Effect of engine operating conditions on the size of primary particles composing diesel soot agglomerates
journal, April 2007

Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons
journal, October 1951

Advantages of soft X-ray absorption over TEM-EELS for solid carbon studies––a comparative study on diesel soot with EELS and NEXAFS
journal, January 2005

Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment on Oxidative Reactivity and Properties of Diesel Soot
journal, February 2011

Raman spectroscopic characterization of some commercially available carbon black materials
journal, January 1995

Examination of the oxidation behavior of biodiesel soot
journal, September 2006

Effects of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Biodiesel Fuel on the Chemical, Mutagenic, and Particle Size Characteristics of Emissions from a Diesel Engine
journal, May 1998

Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon
journal, May 2000

Collisions between point masses and fractal aggregates
journal, March 1989

Influence of Diesel Engine Combustion Parameters on Primary Soot Particle Diameter
journal, March 2005

Effect of operating conditions on the size, morphology, and concentration of submicrometer particulates emitted from a diesel engine
journal, July 2006

Crystallogenesis of Particles Formed in Hydrocarbon Combustion
journal, October 2000

Impact of Alternative Fuels on soot Properties and dpf Regeneration
journal, August 2007

Equilibrium nanostructure of primary soot particles
journal, January 2000

Physical and chemical comparison of soot in hydrocarbon and biodiesel fuel diffusion flames: A study of model and commercial fuels
journal, January 2011

Soot nanostructure: dependence upon synthesis conditions
journal, January 2004

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVE SURFACE AREA IN THE CARBON-OXYGEN REACTION ^1,2
journal, October 1963

Impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the oxidative reactivity of diesel engine soot
journal, December 2008

Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Diesel Soot and the Regeneration of Particulate Filters
journal, September 2005

Effect of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions during diesel engine operation with matched combustion phasing
journal, February 2010

Morphology and Raman Spectra of Engine-Emitted Particulates
journal, May 2011

Oxygen Reactivity of Devolatilized Diesel Engine Particulates from Conventional and Biodiesel Fuels
journal, June 2013

Initial Investigation of Effects of Fuel Oxygenation on Nanostructure of Soot from a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine
journal, September 2006

Composition and size of diesel particulate emissions from a commercial European engine tested with present and future fuels
journal, October 2003

A method to determine the fractal dimension of diesel soot agglomerates
journal, November 2006

Soot formation in laminar diffusion flames at elevated temperatures
journal, January 1992

Impacts of Oxygen Diffusion on the Combustion Rate of In-Bed Soot Particles
journal, April 2010

The effect of diesel engine conditions on the size and morphology of soot particles
journal, January 2009

Morphological investigation of the microstructure, dimensions, and fractal geometry of diesel particulates
journal, January 2002

Soot oxidation
journal, July 2003

Aerodynamic and Mobility Size Distribution Measurements to Reveal Biodiesel Effects on Diesel Exhaust Aerosol
journal, March 2011

Fractal and projected structure properties of soot aggregates
journal, March 1995

Forensics of soot: C5-related nanostructure as a diagnostic of in-cylinder chemistry
journal, November 2013

Raman microspectroscopy of soot and related carbonaceous materials: Spectral analysis and structural information
journal, July 2005

Measurement and analysis of soot inception limits of oxygen-enriched coflow flames
journal, November 2006

The surface structure and reactivity of black carbon
journal, December 1995

Characterisation of Soot Emitted by Domestic Heating, Aircraft and Cars Using Diesel or Biodiesel
journal, September 2005

Impact of crude vegetable oils on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter
journal, November 2014

Reactivity of heat-treated coals in air at 500 °C
journal, October 1973

Relationship between structure and reactivity of carbonaceous materials
journal, January 2004

Evolution of the nanostructure, fractal dimension and size of in-cylinder soot during diesel combustion process
journal, August 2011

Impact of engine operating modes and combustion phasing on the reactivity of diesel soot
journal, March 2013

Effects of engine operating conditions on morphology, microstructure, and fractal geometry of light-duty diesel engine particulates
journal, January 2005

Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines
journal, December 2010

Kinetics of oxidation and chemisorption of oxygen for porous carbons with high surface area
journal, January 1986

Impact of fuel formulation on the nanostructure and reactivity of diesel soot
journal, December 2012

Morphology-controlled reactivity of carbonaceous materials towards oxidation
journal, May 2005

Effect of fuel on the soot nanostructure and consequences on loading and regeneration of diesel particulate filters
journal, February 2012

A TEM Methodology for the Study of Soot Particle Structure
journal, July 1997

Engines and nanoparticles
journal, June 1998

Importance of carbon active sites in the gasification of coal chars
journal, July 1983

Restructuring of soot particles: Experimental study
journal, September 1996

The deconvolution of the thermal, dilution, and chemical effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the reactivity of engine and flame soot
journal, September 2011

Determination of kinetic data for soot oxidation. Modeling of competition between oxygen diffusion and reaction during thermogravimetric analysis☆
journal, October 1993

Effects on Particle Size Distribution from the Diesel Engine Operating on RME-Biodiesel with EGR
journal, July 2006

Kinetics and Catalysis of Carbon Gasification
book, January 1989

Soot formation in strained diffusion flames with gaseous additives
journal, July 1995

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Nanostructure and Volatility of Particles Emitted by a Direct-injection Diesel Engine
text, January 2016

Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine
journal, June 2016

Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine
text, January 2016