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Title: DES13S2cmm: The first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey

Abstract

Here, we present DES13S2cmm, the first spectroscopically-confirmed superluminous supernova (SLSN) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We briefly discuss the data and search algorithm used to find this event in the first year of DES operations, and outline the spectroscopic data obtained from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope to confirm its redshift (z = 0.663 ± 0.001 based on the host-galaxy emission lines) and likely spectral type (Type I). When using this redshift, we find M$$peak\atop{U}$$=-21.05$$+0.10\atop{-0.09}$$ for the peak, rest-frame U-band absolute magnitude, and find DES13S2cmm to be located in a faint, low-metallicity (sub-solar), low stellar-mass host galaxy (log (M/M) = 9.3 ± 0.3), consistent with what is seen for other SLSNe-I. We compare the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm to 14 similarly well-observed SLSNe-I in the literature and find that it possesses one of the slowest declining tails (beyond +30 d rest-frame past peak), and is the faintest at peak. Moreover, we find the bolometric light curves of all SLSNe-I studied herein possess a dispersion of only 0.2–0.3 mag between +25 and +30 d after peak (rest frame) depending on redshift range studied; this could be important for ‘standardizing’ such supernovae, as is done with the more common Type Ia. We also fit the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm with two competing models for SLSNe-I – the radioactive decay of 56Ni, and a magnetar – and find that while the magnetar is formally a better fit, neither model provides a compelling match to the data. Though we are unable to conclusively differentiate between these two physical models for this particular SLSN-I, further DES observations of more SLSNe-I should break this degeneracy, especially if the light curves of SLSNe-I can be observed beyond 100 d in the rest frame of the supernova.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [5];  [12];  [5];  [5];  [13];  [9];  [11] more »;  [9];  [14];  [5];  [8];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [15];  [5];  [17];  [18];  [18];  [6];  [19];  [8];  [20];  [21];  [8];  [22];  [21];  [23];  [24];  [14];  [13];  [8];  [15];  [18];  [25];  [6];  [8];  [21];  [26];  [18];  [27];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [31];  [8];  [21];  [29];  [8];  [24];  [32];  [21];  [10];  [8];  [33];  [34] « less
  1. Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth (United Kingdom)
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  3. Univ. of Southampton, Southampton (United Kingdom)
  4. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  6. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  7. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States); Univ. of Illinois Urban-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
  8. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  9. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
  10. Univ. of Illinois Urban-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States);
  11. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  12. Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
  13. Australian Astronomical Observatory (Australia)
  14. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
  15. Univ. College London, London (United Kingdom)
  16. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States); Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  17. Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  18. Observatorio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  19. Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching (Germany)
  20. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  21. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  22. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  23. Univ. Observatory Munich, Munich (Germany); Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching (Germany)
  24. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
  25. ICRA, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  26. Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain); Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona (Spain)
  27. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  28. Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
  29. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  30. Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas(CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)
  31. Instituto de Fisica, Porto Alegre (Brazil); Lab. Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
  32. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States)
  33. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  34. Univ. of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1201362
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1221239; OSTI ID: 1336373
Report Number(s):
BNL-108182-2015-JA; FERMILAB-PUB-15-020-AE-PPD; SLAC-PUB-16765
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; KA2301020
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC00112704; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 449; Journal Issue: 2; Conference: Naples (Italy), 3-5 Jun 2014; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; surveys - stars: supernova: general - stars: supernovae: DES13S2cmm; surveys; stars: supernovae: general; stars:supernovae: DES13S2cmm; stars: supernovae: DES13S2cmm

Citation Formats

Papadopoulos, A., Plazas, A. A., D"Andrea, C. B., Sullivan, M., Nichol, R. C., Barbary, K., Biswas, R., Brown, P. J., Covarrubias, R. A., Finley, D. A., Fischer, J. A., Foley, R. J., Goldstein, D., Gupta, R. R., Kessler, R., Kovacs, E., Kuhlmann, S. E., Lidman, C., March, M., Nugent, P. E., Sako, M., Smith, R. C., Spinka, H., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F., Allam, S. S., Banerji, M., Bernstein, J. P., Bernstein, R. A., Carnero, A., da Costa, L. N., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J. A., Gerdes, D., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Marshall, J. L., Merritt, K. W., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R., Roe, N. A., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B. X., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Tucker, L. D., Wechsler, R. H., and Zuntz, J. DES13S2cmm: The first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv174.
Papadopoulos, A., Plazas, A. A., D"Andrea, C. B., Sullivan, M., Nichol, R. C., Barbary, K., Biswas, R., Brown, P. J., Covarrubias, R. A., Finley, D. A., Fischer, J. A., Foley, R. J., Goldstein, D., Gupta, R. R., Kessler, R., Kovacs, E., Kuhlmann, S. E., Lidman, C., March, M., Nugent, P. E., Sako, M., Smith, R. C., Spinka, H., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F., Allam, S. S., Banerji, M., Bernstein, J. P., Bernstein, R. A., Carnero, A., da Costa, L. N., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J. A., Gerdes, D., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Marshall, J. L., Merritt, K. W., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R., Roe, N. A., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B. X., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Tucker, L. D., Wechsler, R. H., & Zuntz, J. DES13S2cmm: The first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv174
Papadopoulos, A., Plazas, A. A., D"Andrea, C. B., Sullivan, M., Nichol, R. C., Barbary, K., Biswas, R., Brown, P. J., Covarrubias, R. A., Finley, D. A., Fischer, J. A., Foley, R. J., Goldstein, D., Gupta, R. R., Kessler, R., Kovacs, E., Kuhlmann, S. E., Lidman, C., March, M., Nugent, P. E., Sako, M., Smith, R. C., Spinka, H., Wester, W., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F., Allam, S. S., Banerji, M., Bernstein, J. P., Bernstein, R. A., Carnero, A., da Costa, L. N., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J. A., Gerdes, D., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Marshall, J. L., Merritt, K. W., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R., Roe, N. A., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B. X., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Tucker, L. D., Wechsler, R. H., and Zuntz, J. Mon . "DES13S2cmm: The first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv174. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1201362.
@article{osti_1201362,
title = {DES13S2cmm: The first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey},
author = {Papadopoulos, A. and Plazas, A. A. and D"Andrea, C. B. and Sullivan, M. and Nichol, R. C. and Barbary, K. and Biswas, R. and Brown, P. J. and Covarrubias, R. A. and Finley, D. A. and Fischer, J. A. and Foley, R. J. and Goldstein, D. and Gupta, R. R. and Kessler, R. and Kovacs, E. and Kuhlmann, S. E. and Lidman, C. and March, M. and Nugent, P. E. and Sako, M. and Smith, R. C. and Spinka, H. and Wester, W. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Abdalla, F. and Allam, S. S. and Banerji, M. and Bernstein, J. P. and Bernstein, R. A. and Carnero, A. and da Costa, L. N. and DePoy, D. L. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Eifler, T. and Evrard, A. E. and Flaugher, B. and Frieman, J. A. and Gerdes, D. and Gruen, D. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lahav, O. and Maia, M. A. G. and Makler, M. and Marshall, J. L. and Merritt, K. W. and Miller, C. J. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. and Roe, N. A. and Romer, A. K. and Rykoff, E. and Sanchez, E. and Santiago, B. X. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Sevilla, I. and Soares-Santos, M. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. and Tarle, G. and Thaler, J. and Tucker, L. D. and Wechsler, R. H. and Zuntz, J.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present DES13S2cmm, the first spectroscopically-confirmed superluminous supernova (SLSN) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We briefly discuss the data and search algorithm used to find this event in the first year of DES operations, and outline the spectroscopic data obtained from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope to confirm its redshift (z = 0.663 ± 0.001 based on the host-galaxy emission lines) and likely spectral type (Type I). When using this redshift, we find M$peak\atop{U}$=-21.05$+0.10\atop{-0.09}$ for the peak, rest-frame U-band absolute magnitude, and find DES13S2cmm to be located in a faint, low-metallicity (sub-solar), low stellar-mass host galaxy (log (M/M⊙) = 9.3 ± 0.3), consistent with what is seen for other SLSNe-I. We compare the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm to 14 similarly well-observed SLSNe-I in the literature and find that it possesses one of the slowest declining tails (beyond +30 d rest-frame past peak), and is the faintest at peak. Moreover, we find the bolometric light curves of all SLSNe-I studied herein possess a dispersion of only 0.2–0.3 mag between +25 and +30 d after peak (rest frame) depending on redshift range studied; this could be important for ‘standardizing’ such supernovae, as is done with the more common Type Ia. We also fit the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm with two competing models for SLSNe-I – the radioactive decay of 56Ni, and a magnetar – and find that while the magnetar is formally a better fit, neither model provides a compelling match to the data. Though we are unable to conclusively differentiate between these two physical models for this particular SLSN-I, further DES observations of more SLSNe-I should break this degeneracy, especially if the light curves of SLSNe-I can be observed beyond 100 d in the rest frame of the supernova.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stv174},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 449,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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Host Galaxy Identification for Supernova Surveys
journal, November 2016


Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2018


Systematic Investigation of the Fallback Accretion-powered Model for Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
journal, November 2018

  • Moriya, Takashi J.; Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae53d

A statistical approach to identify superluminous supernovae and probe their diversity
text, January 2017


Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
text, January 2017


On the nature of hydrogen-rich superluminous supernovae
journal, January 2018

  • Inserra, C.; Smartt, S. J.; Gall, E. E. E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx3179

The Magnetar Model for Type I Superluminous Supernovae. I. Bayesian Analysis of the Full Multicolor Light-curve Sample with MOSFiT
journal, November 2017

  • Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James; Berger, Edo
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9334

Superluminous Supernovae in LSST: Rates, Detection Metrics, and Light-curve Modeling
journal, December 2018

  • Villar, V. Ashley; Nicholl, Matt; Berger, Edo
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaee6a

The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy – an overview
journal, March 2016

  • Abbott, T.; Abdalla, F. B.; Aleksic, J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 460, Issue 2, p. 1270-1299
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw641

The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
text, January 2016


Cosmic evolution and metal aversion in superluminous supernova host galaxies
journal, September 2017

  • Schulze, S.; Krühler, T.; Leloudas, G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2352

Cosmic evolution and metal aversion in superluminous supernova host galaxies
text, January 2018

  • Schulze, S.; Krühler, T.; Leloudas, G.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.25447

Developing a unified pipeline for large-scale structure data analysis with angular power spectra – I. The importance of redshift-space distortions for galaxy number counts
journal, September 2019

  • Tanidis, Konstantinos; Camera, Stefano
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2366

A Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova with Enhanced Iron-group Absorption: A New Link between SLSNe and Broad-lined Type Ic SNe
journal, February 2019


Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
journal, January 2018


Studying the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the First Spectroscopically Confirmed Supernova at Redshift Two
journal, February 2018


Spectrum formation in superluminous supernovae (Type I)
journal, March 2016

  • Mazzali, P. A.; Sullivan, M.; Pian, E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 458, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw512

Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Hydrogen-Poor Super-Luminous Supernovae
text, January 2016


On the nature of Hydrogen-rich Superluminous Supernovae
text, January 2016


The Difference Imaging Pipeline for the Transient Search in the dark Energy Survey
journal, November 2015


Superluminous supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
journal, May 2019

  • Angus, C. R.; Smith, M.; Sullivan, M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1321

A Statistical Approach to Identify Superluminous Supernovae and Probe Their Diversity
journal, February 2018