Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2

Wu, Shan; Xu, Zhijun; Haley, Shannon C.; Weber, Sophie F.; Acharya, Arani; Maniv, Eran; Qiu, Yiming; Aczel, A. A.; Settineri, Nicholas S.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Analytis, James G.; Birgeneau, Robert J.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021003

Title: Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide ${Fe}_{1 / 3 + δ} {NbS}_{2}$

Abstract

Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) host a plethora of interesting physical phenomena ranging from charge order to superconductivity. By introducing magnetic ions into 2H-TA₂ (T=Nb, Ta; A=S, Se), the material forms a family of magnetic intercalated TMDCs M_xTA₂ (M=3d transition metal). Recently, Fe_1/3+δNbS₂ has been found to possess intriguing resistance switching and magnetic memory effects coupled to the Néel temperature of TN~45 K [Maniv et al., Nat. Phys. 17, 525 (2021); Sci. Adv. 7, eabd8452 (2021)]. We present comprehensive single crystal neutron diffraction measurements on underintercalated (δ~-0.01), stoichiometric, and overintercalated (δ~0.01) samples. Magnetic defects are usually considered to suppress magnetic correlations and, concomitantly, transition temperatures. Instead, we observe highly tunable magnetic long-ranged states as the Fe concentration is varied from underintercalated to overintercalated, that is, from Fe vacancies to Fe interstitials. The under- and overintercalated samples reveal distinct antiferromagnetic stripe and zigzag orders, associated with wave vectors k₁=(0.5,0,0) and k₂=(0.25,0.5,0), respectively. The stoichiometric sample shows two successive magnetic phase transitions for these two wave vectors with an unusual rise-and-fall feature in the intensities connected to k1. We ascribe this sensitive tunability to the competing next-nearest neighbor exchange interactions and the oscillatory nature of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida mechanism. We discuss experimental observations thatmore »« less

Authors:

; Xu, Zhijun;

; Weber, Sophie F.;

; Maniv, Eran; Qiu, Yiming;

; Settineri, Nicholas S.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Analytis, James G.;

Publication Date:: Tue Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Novel Pathways to Quantum Coherence in Materials (NPQC); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1861133

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1877044; OSTI ID: 1892423

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05-CH11231; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review. X

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Volume: 12 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2160-3308

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; magnetic order; magnetic phase transitions; magnetism; 2-dimensional systems; antiferromagnets; transition metal dichalcogenides; triangular network

Citation Formats


                    Wu, Shan, Xu, Zhijun, Haley, Shannon C., Weber, Sophie F., Acharya, Arani, Maniv, Eran, Qiu, Yiming, Aczel, A. A., Settineri, Nicholas S., Neaton, Jeffrey B., Analytis, James G., and Birgeneau, Robert J. Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021003.

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                    Wu, Shan, Xu, Zhijun, Haley, Shannon C., Weber, Sophie F., Acharya, Arani, Maniv, Eran, Qiu, Yiming, Aczel, A. A., Settineri, Nicholas S., Neaton, Jeffrey B., Analytis, James G., & Birgeneau, Robert J. Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021003

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                    Wu, Shan, Xu, Zhijun, Haley, Shannon C., Weber, Sophie F., Acharya, Arani, Maniv, Eran, Qiu, Yiming, Aczel, A. A., Settineri, Nicholas S., Neaton, Jeffrey B., Analytis, James G., and Birgeneau, Robert J. Tue .  
"Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021003.

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@article{osti_1861133,

  title        = {Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2},

  author       = {Wu, Shan and Xu, Zhijun and Haley, Shannon C. and Weber, Sophie F. and Acharya, Arani and Maniv, Eran and Qiu, Yiming and Aczel, A. A. and Settineri, Nicholas S. and Neaton, Jeffrey B. and Analytis, James G. and Birgeneau, Robert J.},

  abstractNote = {Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) host a plethora of interesting physical phenomena ranging from charge order to superconductivity. By introducing magnetic ions into 2H-TA2 (T=Nb, Ta; A=S, Se), the material forms a family of magnetic intercalated TMDCs MxTA2 (M=3d transition metal). Recently, Fe1/3+δNbS2 has been found to possess intriguing resistance switching and magnetic memory effects coupled to the Néel temperature of TN~45 K [Maniv et al., Nat. Phys. 17, 525 (2021); Sci. Adv. 7, eabd8452 (2021)]. We present comprehensive single crystal neutron diffraction measurements on underintercalated (δ~-0.01), stoichiometric, and overintercalated (δ~0.01) samples. Magnetic defects are usually considered to suppress magnetic correlations and, concomitantly, transition temperatures. Instead, we observe highly tunable magnetic long-ranged states as the Fe concentration is varied from underintercalated to overintercalated, that is, from Fe vacancies to Fe interstitials. The under- and overintercalated samples reveal distinct antiferromagnetic stripe and zigzag orders, associated with wave vectors k1=(0.5,0,0) and k2=(0.25,0.5,0), respectively. The stoichiometric sample shows two successive magnetic phase transitions for these two wave vectors with an unusual rise-and-fall feature in the intensities connected to k1. We ascribe this sensitive tunability to the competing next-nearest neighbor exchange interactions and the oscillatory nature of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida mechanism. We discuss experimental observations that relate to the observed intriguing switching resistance behaviors. Our discovery of a magnetic defect tuning of the magnetic structure in bulk crystals Fe1/3+δNbS2 provides a possible new avenue to implement controllable antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021003},

  journal      = {Physical Review. X},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 12,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Tue Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.137204

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Electrical and thermal transport in van der Waals magnets $2 H − M_{x} {TaS}_{2} (M = Mn, Co)$

Journal Article Liu, Yu ; Hu, Zhixiang ; Tong, Xiao ; ... - Physical Review Research

We report a detailed study of electrical and thermal transport properties in 2H-M_x TaS₂ (M = Mn, Co) magnets where M atoms are intercalated in the van der Waals gap. The intercalation induces ferromagnetism (FM) with an easy-plane anisotropy in 2H-M_x TaS₂, but FM with a strong uniaxial anisotropy in 2H-Co_0.22TaS₂, which finally evolves into a three-dimensional antiferromagnetism (AFM) in 2H-Co_0.34TaS₂. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity shows metallic behavior for all samples. Thermopower is negative in the whole temperature range for 2H-Co_xTaS₂, whereas the sign changes from negative to positive with increasing Mn for 2H-Mn_x TaS₂. The diffusive thermoelectric response dominates inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.013048
Complex magnetic properties in the mixed $4 f - 5 d$ double perovskite iridates $X_{2} {ZnIrO}_{6} (X = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)$

Journal Article Vogl, M. ; Morrow, R. ; Aczel, A. A. ; ... - Physical Review Materials

Here in this paper, we report on the synthesis and magnetic properties of a series of double perovskites Ln₂ZnIrO₆ with Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd. These compounds present examples of the rare case of double perovskites (general formula A₂BB'O6) with a magnetic 4ƒ-ion on the A site in combination with the strongly spin-orbit coupled 5d transition-metal ion Ir⁴⁺ on the B sublattice. We discuss the impact of different rare earths on the macroscopic magnetic properties. Gd₂ZnIrO₆ and Eu₂ZnIrO₆ show ferrimagnetic or canted antiferromagnetic order below T_N = 23 and 12 K, respectively. Sm₂ZnIrO₆ orders antiferromagnetically at T_N = 13more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.054413

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Title: Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Fe 1 / 3 + δ NbS 2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Exchange bias due to coupling between coexisting antiferromagnetic and spin-glass orders journal, January 2021

Magnetic structure of Co 1/3 NbS 2 and Co 1/3 TaS 2 journal, May 1983

Antiferromagnetic switching driven by the collective dynamics of a coexisting spin glass journal, January 2021

Writing and reading antiferromagnetic Mn2Au by Néel spin-orbit torques and large anisotropic magnetoresistance journal, January 2018

Antiferromagnetism. The Triangular Ising Net journal, July 1950

Magnetic and crystallographic structures of MexNbS2 and MexTaS2 journal, May 1971

A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model journal, July 1956

RKKY Ferromagnetism with Ising-Like Spin States in Intercalated Fe 1 / 4 TaS 2 journal, December 2011

Origins of anisotropic transport in the electrically switchable antiferromagnet Fe 1 / 3 NbS 2 journal, June 2021

Magnetic properties of the helimagnet Cr 1 / 3 NbS 2 observed by μ SR journal, April 2015

3 d transition-metal intercalates of the niobium and tantalum dichalcogenides. I. Magnetic properties journal, January 1980

On the ordering of Fe atoms in FexNbS2 journal, February 1978

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering book, May 2012

Random-field effects in the diluted two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet Rb 2 Co 0.7 Mg 0.3 F 4 journal, August 1983

Charge-density waves and superlattices in the metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, March 1975

On the magnetic behavior of new 2HNbS2-type derivatives journal, January 1970

Pressure-Induced Electronic and Structural Phase Evolution in the van der Waals Compound FePS 3 journal, December 2018

Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons journal, October 1954

Heat capacity and phase transition of Fe NbS2 at low temperature journal, November 2004

Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet journal, January 2016

Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals journal, July 1959

Theory of nonequilibrium intrinsic spin torque in a single nanomagnet journal, December 2008

Effect of nickel substitution on magnetism in the layered van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3 GeTe 2 journal, October 2018

1T-TaS 2 as a quantum spin liquid journal, June 2017

Chiral Magnetic Soliton Lattice on a Chiral Helimagnet journal, March 2012

Critical behavior of pure and site-random two-dimensional antiferromagnets journal, July 1977

Oscillatory magnetic exchange coupling through thin copper layers journal, April 1991

Influence of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the magnetic and thermal properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnets within unified molecular field theory journal, March 2017

Electrical Transport Properties in 2 H -NbS 2 , -NbSe 2 , -TaS 2 and -TaSe 2 journal, January 1982

Pressure-controlled interlayer magnetism in atomically thin CrI3 journal, October 2019

Emergent Magnetic Phases in Pressure-Tuned van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS 3 journal, February 2021

Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices journal, February 2019

Long Periodic Helimagnetic Ordering in Cr M 3 S 6 (M = Nb and Ta) journal, September 2016

Spin Glass Phases in 2H-Fe x NbS 2 journal, November 1991

Charge Density Wave, Superconductivity, and Anomalous Metallic Behavior in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides journal, May 2001

Magnetic structure investigation of the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide V 1 / 3 NbS 2 journal, May 2021

Opportunities and challenges of 2D magnetic van der Waals materials: magnetic graphene? journal, June 2016

Crystal Statistics. I. A Two-Dimensional Model with an Order-Disorder Transition journal, February 1944

Probing and controlling magnetic states in 2D layered magnetic materials journal, September 2019

Tuning magnetic order in the van der Waals metal Fe 5 GeTe 2 by cobalt substitution journal, July 2020

Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide journal, November 2019

Spin Waves and Magnetic Ordering in K 2 Mn F 4 journal, July 1973

Magnetic soliton confinement and discretization effects arising from macroscopic coherence in a chiral spin soliton lattice journal, December 2015

Nature of phase transitions in the striped phase of a triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnet journal, October 2005

MACS—a new high intensity cold neutron spectrometer at NIST journal, January 2008

Electronic and magnetic properties of 2 H − NbS 2 intercalated by 3 d transition metals journal, November 2016

Clean 2D superconductivity in a bulk van der Waals superlattice journal, October 2020

Critical phenomena and renormalization-group theory journal, October 2002

Electrical and magnetic properties of some first row transition metal intercalates of niobium disulphide journal, May 1977

Large anomalous Hall effect in the chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb3S6 journal, August 2018

Transport properties, magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe 0.25 NbS 2 and Fe 0.33 NbS 2 journal, April 1981

A new protocol for the determination of magnetic structures using simulated annealing and representational analysis (SARAh) journal, March 2000

Topological Aspects of Symmetry Breaking in Triangular-Lattice Ising Antiferromagnets journal, May 2016

Spin engineering: Direct determination of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida far-field range function in ruthenium journal, October 1991

Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials journal, October 2018

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials journal, September 2016

Chiral helimagnetism in T1/3NbS2 (T=Cr and Mn) journal, February 2009

Canted antiferromagnetic order in the monoaxial chiral magnets V 1 / 3 TaS 2 and V 1 / 3 NbS 2 journal, May 2020

Half-magnetization plateau and the origin of threefold symmetry breaking in an electrically switchable triangular antiferromagnet journal, October 2020

Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys journal, June 1957

Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets journal, October 2014

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures journal, May 2019

The crystal structure and magnetic susceptibilities of MnNb3S6, FeNb3S6, CoNb3S6 and NiNb3S6 journal, May 1970

Indirect RKKY interaction in any dimensionality journal, April 1997

Superconducting Density of States and Vortex Cores of 2H- NbS 2 journal, October 2008

Switching 2D magnetic states via pressure tuning of layer stacking journal, October 2019

Extended exchange interactions stabilize long-period magnetic structures in Cr 1∕3 NbS 2 journal, July 2018

Consequences of magnetic ordering in chiral M n 1 / 3 Nb S 2 journal, November 2019

Theory of the Role of Covalence in the Perovskite-Type Manganites [ La , M ( II ) ] Mn O 3 journal, October 1955

Title: Highly Tunable Magnetic Phases in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide ${Fe}_{1 / 3 + δ} {NbS}_{2}$

Exchange bias due to coupling between coexisting antiferromagnetic and spin-glass orders
journal, January 2021

Magnetic structure of Co _1/3 NbS ₂ and Co _1/3 TaS ₂
journal, May 1983

Antiferromagnetic switching driven by the collective dynamics of a coexisting spin glass
journal, January 2021

Writing and reading antiferromagnetic Mn2Au by Néel spin-orbit torques and large anisotropic magnetoresistance
journal, January 2018

Antiferromagnetism. The Triangular Ising Net
journal, July 1950

Magnetic and crystallographic structures of MexNbS2 and MexTaS2
journal, May 1971

A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model
journal, July 1956

RKKY Ferromagnetism with Ising-Like Spin States in Intercalated ${Fe}_{1 / 4} {TaS}_{2}$
journal, December 2011

Origins of anisotropic transport in the electrically switchable antiferromagnet ${Fe}_{1 / 3} {NbS}_{2}$
journal, June 2021

Magnetic properties of the helimagnet ${Cr}_{1 / 3} {NbS}_{2}$ observed by $μ SR$
journal, April 2015

3 d transition-metal intercalates of the niobium and tantalum dichalcogenides. I. Magnetic properties
journal, January 1980

On the ordering of Fe atoms in FexNbS2
journal, February 1978

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering
book, May 2012

Random-field effects in the diluted two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet ${Rb}_{2}$ ${Co}_{0.7}$ ${Mg}_{0.3}$ $F_{4}$
journal, August 1983

Charge-density waves and superlattices in the metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, March 1975

On the magnetic behavior of new 2HNbS2-type derivatives
journal, January 1970

Pressure-Induced Electronic and Structural Phase Evolution in the van der Waals Compound ${FePS}_{3}$
journal, December 2018

Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons
journal, October 1954

Heat capacity and phase transition of Fe NbS2 at low temperature
journal, November 2004

Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet
journal, January 2016

Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals
journal, July 1959

Theory of nonequilibrium intrinsic spin torque in a single nanomagnet
journal, December 2008

Effect of nickel substitution on magnetism in the layered van der Waals ferromagnet ${Fe}_{3} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, October 2018

1T-TaS ₂ as a quantum spin liquid
journal, June 2017

Chiral Magnetic Soliton Lattice on a Chiral Helimagnet
journal, March 2012

Critical behavior of pure and site-random two-dimensional antiferromagnets
journal, July 1977

Oscillatory magnetic exchange coupling through thin copper layers
journal, April 1991

Influence of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the magnetic and thermal properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnets within unified molecular field theory
journal, March 2017

Electrical Transport Properties in 2 H -NbS ₂ , -NbSe ₂ , -TaS ₂ and -TaSe ₂
journal, January 1982

Pressure-controlled interlayer magnetism in atomically thin CrI3
journal, October 2019

Emergent Magnetic Phases in Pressure-Tuned van der Waals Antiferromagnet ${FePS}_{3}$
journal, February 2021

Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices
journal, February 2019

Long Periodic Helimagnetic Ordering in Cr M ₃ S ₆ (M = Nb and Ta)
journal, September 2016

Spin Glass Phases in 2H-Fe _x NbS ₂
journal, November 1991

Charge Density Wave, Superconductivity, and Anomalous Metallic Behavior in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2001

Magnetic structure investigation of the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide $V_{1 / 3} {NbS}_{2}$
journal, May 2021

Opportunities and challenges of 2D magnetic van der Waals materials: magnetic graphene?
journal, June 2016

Crystal Statistics. I. A Two-Dimensional Model with an Order-Disorder Transition
journal, February 1944

Probing and controlling magnetic states in 2D layered magnetic materials
journal, September 2019

Tuning magnetic order in the van der Waals metal ${Fe}_{5} {GeTe}_{2}$ by cobalt substitution
journal, July 2020

Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide
journal, November 2019

Spin Waves and Magnetic Ordering in $K_{2}$ Mn $F_{4}$
journal, July 1973

Magnetic soliton confinement and discretization effects arising from macroscopic coherence in a chiral spin soliton lattice
journal, December 2015

Nature of phase transitions in the striped phase of a triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnet
journal, October 2005

MACS—a new high intensity cold neutron spectrometer at NIST
journal, January 2008

Electronic and magnetic properties of $2 H - {NbS}_{2}$ intercalated by $3 d$ transition metals
journal, November 2016

Clean 2D superconductivity in a bulk van der Waals superlattice
journal, October 2020

Critical phenomena and renormalization-group theory
journal, October 2002

Electrical and magnetic properties of some first row transition metal intercalates of niobium disulphide
journal, May 1977

Large anomalous Hall effect in the chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb3S6
journal, August 2018

Transport properties, magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe _0.25 NbS ₂ and Fe _0.33 NbS ₂
journal, April 1981

A new protocol for the determination of magnetic structures using simulated annealing and representational analysis (SARAh)
journal, March 2000

Topological Aspects of Symmetry Breaking in Triangular-Lattice Ising Antiferromagnets
journal, May 2016

Spin engineering: Direct determination of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida far-field range function in ruthenium
journal, October 1991

Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials
journal, October 2018

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials
journal, September 2016

Chiral helimagnetism in T1/3NbS2 (T=Cr and Mn)
journal, February 2009

Canted antiferromagnetic order in the monoaxial chiral magnets $V_{1 / 3} {TaS}_{2}$ and $V_{1 / 3} {NbS}_{2}$
journal, May 2020

Half-magnetization plateau and the origin of threefold symmetry breaking in an electrically switchable triangular antiferromagnet
journal, October 2020

Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys
journal, June 1957

Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets
journal, October 2014

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
journal, May 2019

The crystal structure and magnetic susceptibilities of MnNb3S6, FeNb3S6, CoNb3S6 and NiNb3S6
journal, May 1970

Indirect RKKY interaction in any dimensionality
journal, April 1997

Superconducting Density of States and Vortex Cores of 2H- ${NbS}_{2}$
journal, October 2008

Switching 2D magnetic states via pressure tuning of layer stacking
journal, October 2019

Extended exchange interactions stabilize long-period magnetic structures in Cr _1∕3 NbS ₂
journal, July 2018

Consequences of magnetic ordering in chiral $M n_{1 / 3} Nb S_{2}$
journal, November 2019

Theory of the Role of Covalence in the Perovskite-Type Manganites $[La, M (II)] Mn O_{3}$
journal, October 1955