( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC

Wu, Xiang-Yu; Qin, Guang-You; Pang, Long-Gang; Wang, Xin-Nian

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909

Title: $(3 + 1)$ -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC

Abstract

To study the bulk properties of quark-gluon plasma produced at beam-energy scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we extend the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics clvisc to include net baryon number conservation and Israel-Stewart-like equations for baryon diffusion with the neos-bqs equation of state, fluctuating initial conditions from the Monte Carlo Glauber model and the afterburner smash. This integrated framework is shown to provide a good description of identified particle spectra, mean transverse momenta, and anisotropic flows for different centralities and over a wide range of collision energies (7.7-62.4 GeV). It is found that the mean momenta of identified particles and anisotropic flows increase mildly with the collision energy due to larger radial flow. We further compute the multiple-particle cumulant ratio v₂{4}/v₂{2} of elliptic flow across BES energies, and find that the relative fluctuations of elliptic flow are insensitive to the collision energy, consistent with the preliminary STAR data. Our model provides a benchmark for understanding the RHIC-BES data and studying the critical properties and phase structure of hot and dense QCD matter.

Authors:

;

; Pang, Long-Gang; Wang, Xin-Nian

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1859798

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1884549

Grant/Contract Number:: AC0205CH11231; AC02-05CH11231; ACI-1550228; OAC-2004571; 11775095; 11890710; 11890711; 11935007; 12075098; 11221504; 11861131009; 11890714

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review C Journal Volume: 105 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Wu, Xiang-Yu, Qin, Guang-You, Pang, Long-Gang, and Wang, Xin-Nian. ( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909.

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                    Wu, Xiang-Yu, Qin, Guang-You, Pang, Long-Gang, & Wang, Xin-Nian. ( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909

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                    Wu, Xiang-Yu, Qin, Guang-You, Pang, Long-Gang, and Wang, Xin-Nian. Tue .  
"( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909.

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@article{osti_1859798,

  title        = {( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC},

  author       = {Wu, Xiang-Yu and Qin, Guang-You and Pang, Long-Gang and Wang, Xin-Nian},

  abstractNote = {To study the bulk properties of quark-gluon plasma produced at beam-energy scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we extend the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics clvisc to include net baryon number conservation and Israel-Stewart-like equations for baryon diffusion with the neos-bqs equation of state, fluctuating initial conditions from the Monte Carlo Glauber model and the afterburner smash. This integrated framework is shown to provide a good description of identified particle spectra, mean transverse momenta, and anisotropic flows for different centralities and over a wide range of collision energies (7.7-62.4 GeV). It is found that the mean momenta of identified particles and anisotropic flows increase mildly with the collision energy due to larger radial flow. We further compute the multiple-particle cumulant ratio v2{4}/v2{2} of elliptic flow across BES energies, and find that the relative fluctuations of elliptic flow are insensitive to the collision energy, consistent with the preliminary STAR data. Our model provides a benchmark for understanding the RHIC-BES data and studying the critical properties and phase structure of hot and dense QCD matter.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 105,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Gyulassy, Miklos; Rischke, Dirk H.; Zhang, Bin
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Andrade, R. P. G.; Grassi, F.; Hama, Y.
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The smallest fluid on Earth
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Schenke, Björn
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Broniowski, Wojciech; Bożek, Piotr; Rybczyński, Maciej
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Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.
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Okai, Michito; Kawaguchi, Koji; Tachibana, Yasuki
Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 5
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Influence of the neutron-skin effect on nuclear isobar collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
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Mohs, J.; Ryu, S.; Elfner, H.
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Cao, S.; Chen, Y.; Coleman, J.
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Rao, S.; Sievert, M.; Noronha-Hostler, J.
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Monnai, Akihiko; Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun
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Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles
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Weil, J.; Steinberg, V.; Staudenmaier, J.
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Shen, Chun; Alzhrani, Sahr
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Abstract

Citation Formats

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Heavy flavor quenching and flow: the roles of initial condition, pre-equilibrium evolution, and in-medium interaction * journal, November 2020

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Hydrodynamic study of hyperon spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, February 2021

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Elliptic and Triangular Flow in p -Pb and Peripheral Pb-Pb Collisions from Parton Scatterings journal, December 2014

Reexamination of local spin polarization beyond global equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, December 2021

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Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au + Au Collisions at s NN = 7.7 , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV journal, July 2018

Local Polarization and Isothermal Local Equilibrium in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions journal, December 2021

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Nonlinear responses of chiral fluids from kinetic theory journal, January 2018

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Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics journal, August 2012

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Symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlations in Pb + Pb collisions journal, July 2016

Mode-coupling effects in anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions journal, June 2016

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Title: $(3 + 1)$ -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC

Vortical Fluid and $Λ$ Spin Correlations in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, November 2016

Eccentric Protons? Sensitivity of Flow to System Size and Shape in $p + p$ , $p + Pb$ , and $Pb + Pb$ Collisions
journal, September 2014

Recent development of hydrodynamic modeling in heavy-ion collisions
journal, December 2020

(3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density
journal, June 2020

Longitudinal fluctuations and decorrelations of anisotropic flows at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, August 2018

Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics
journal, February 2004

Dynamically Exploring the QCD Matter at Finite Temperatures and Densities: A Short Review
journal, September 2021

Elliptic and triangular flow anisotropy in deuteron-gold collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200$ GeV at RHIC and in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02$ TeV at the LHC
journal, April 2014

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journal, November 2020

Coupling relativistic viscous hydrodynamics to Boltzmann descriptions
journal, October 2010

Equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2014

Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2009

Hydrodynamic study of hyperon spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, February 2021

Polarization of massive fermions in a vortical fluid
journal, August 2016

Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
journal, August 2018

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journal, February 2002

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journal, December 2020

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journal, December 2014

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journal, December 2021

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journal, December 2010

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in $Au + Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV
journal, July 2018

Local Polarization and Isothermal Local Equilibrium in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, December 2021

Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions
journal, October 2018

QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials for relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, March 2021

Collective flow in $p$ -Pb and $d$ -Pb collisions at TeV energies
journal, January 2012

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journal, November 2015

Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, October 2013

Nonlinear responses of chiral fluids from kinetic theory
journal, January 2018

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journal, January 2018

Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
journal, August 2012

Collective dynamics in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions
journal, July 2013

Search for the Elusive Jet-Induced Diffusion Wake in $Z / γ$ -Jets with 2D Jet Tomography in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, August 2021

Hydrodynamic description of D meson production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions *
journal, July 2021

Particlization in hybrid models
journal, November 2012

The phase diagram of dense QCD
journal, December 2010

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journal, February 2018

Probing the Partonic Degrees of Freedom in High-Multiplicity $p − Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$
journal, August 2020

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journal, June 2021

Maximum entropy kinetic matching conditions for heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2021

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

New High-Resolution Central Schemes for Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Convection–Diffusion Equations
journal, May 2000

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journal, January 2009

Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 A$ GeV
journal, October 2010

Elliptic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, December 2010

Triangularity and dipole asymmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2011

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journal, April 2011

$v_{4}$ , $v_{5}$ , $v_{6}$ , $v_{7}$ : Nonlinear hydrodynamic response versus LHC data
journal, May 2015

Collision-geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2010

Shear-Induced Spin Polarization in Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, September 2021

Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $Λ$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, November 2021

Description of bulk properties of charged pions, kaons, and (anti)protons in $Au + Au$ collisions from the STAR experiment in the Beam Energy Scan program within the improved HIJING code: Role of initial-state interactions
journal, November 2020

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point
journal, January 2004

Linear and non-linear flow mode in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, October 2017

Medium modification of γ-jet fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
journal, November 2020

Flavor hierarchy of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2020

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, October 2016

Fate of the initial state perturbations in heavy ion collisions. II. Glauber fluctuations and sounds
journal, September 2011

Sign of Kurtosis near the QCD Critical Point
journal, July 2011

Effects of dissipative baryon current in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BES energies
journal, January 2021

Benchmark of initial state models for heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 27$ and 62 GeV
journal, March 2021

Benchmarking a nonequilibrium approach to photon emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2019

Jet quenching and medium response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions: a review
journal, January 2021

Hydrodynamics at rhic and lhc: what have we Learned?
journal, December 2013

Accelerating hydrodynamic description of pseudorapidity density and the initial energy density in $p + p$ , Cu + Cu, Au + Au, and Pb + Pb collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, June 2018

Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, March 2018

Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, January 2013

Matching the Nonequilibrium Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions to Hydrodynamics with QCD Kinetic Theory
journal, March 2019

Wounded quarks in $A + A$ , $p + A$ , and $p + p$ collisions
journal, July 2016

Effective kinetic description of event-by-event pre-equilibrium dynamics in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2019

QCD equation of state matched to lattice data and exhibiting a critical point singularity
journal, March 2020

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, September 2015

Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. I. General aspects and expansion into vacuum
journal, December 1995

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journal, July 2016

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Far From Equilibrium Hydrodynamics and the Beam Energy Scan
journal, July 2020

Linearized Boltzmann transport model for jet propagation in the quark-gluon plasma: Heavy quark evolution
journal, July 2016

Pseudorapidity distribution and decorrelation of anisotropic flow within the open-computing-language implementation CLVisc hydrodynamics
journal, June 2018

Hydrodynamic collectivity in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV
journal, May 2018