Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Abstract
In ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, anisotropic hydrodynamic flow is generated by density fluctuations in the initial state rather than by geometric overlap effects. For a given centrality class, the initial fluctuation spectrum is sensitive to the method chosen for binning the events into centrality classes. We show that sorting events by total initial entropy or by total final multiplicity yields event classes with equivalent statistical fluctuation properties, in spite of viscous entropy production during the fireball evolution. With this initial entropy-based centrality definition we generate several classes of ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at CERN Large Hadron Collider energies and evolve the events using viscous hydrodynamics with nonzero shear but vanishing bulk viscosity. Comparing the predicted anisotropic flow coefficients for charged hadrons with CMS data we find that both the Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glb) and Monte Carlo Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (MC-KLN) models produce initial fluctuation spectra that are incompatible with the measured final anisotropic flow power spectrum, for any choice of the specific shear viscosity. In spite of this failure, we show that the hydrodynamic model can qualitatively explain, in terms of event-by-event fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients and flow angles, the breaking of flow factorization for elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flowmore »
- Authors:
-
[2]
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (United States)
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1604534
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1198640
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0004286; SC0004104
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 92; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0556-2813
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Shen, Chun, Qiu, Zhi, and Heinz, Ulrich. Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901.
Shen, Chun, Qiu, Zhi, & Heinz, Ulrich. Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901
Shen, Chun, Qiu, Zhi, and Heinz, Ulrich. Tue .
"Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1604534.
@article{osti_1604534,
title = {Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider},
author = {Shen, Chun and Qiu, Zhi and Heinz, Ulrich},
abstractNote = {In ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, anisotropic hydrodynamic flow is generated by density fluctuations in the initial state rather than by geometric overlap effects. For a given centrality class, the initial fluctuation spectrum is sensitive to the method chosen for binning the events into centrality classes. We show that sorting events by total initial entropy or by total final multiplicity yields event classes with equivalent statistical fluctuation properties, in spite of viscous entropy production during the fireball evolution. With this initial entropy-based centrality definition we generate several classes of ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at CERN Large Hadron Collider energies and evolve the events using viscous hydrodynamics with nonzero shear but vanishing bulk viscosity. Comparing the predicted anisotropic flow coefficients for charged hadrons with CMS data we find that both the Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glb) and Monte Carlo Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (MC-KLN) models produce initial fluctuation spectra that are incompatible with the measured final anisotropic flow power spectrum, for any choice of the specific shear viscosity. In spite of this failure, we show that the hydrodynamic model can qualitatively explain, in terms of event-by-event fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients and flow angles, the breaking of flow factorization for elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow measured by the CMS experiment. For elliptic flow, this factorization breaking is large in ultracentral collisions. Finally, we conclude that the bulk of the experimentally observed flow factorization breaking effects are qualitatively explained by hydrodynamic evolution of initial-state fluctuations, but that their quantitative description requires a better understanding of the initial fluctuation spectrum.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901},
journal = {Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics},
number = 1,
volume = 92,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 34 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
A Monte Carlo generator of nucleon configurations in complex nuclei including nucleon–nucleon correlations
journal, September 2009
- Alvioli, M.; Drescher, H. J.; Strikman, M.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 680, Issue 3
Subleading harmonic flows in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions
journal, April 2015
- Mazeliauskas, Aleksas; Teaney, Derek
- Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 4
200 GeV Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid
journal, May 2011
- Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 19
First Results from Pb+Pb Collisions at the LHC
journal, November 2012
- Müller, Berndt; Schukraft, Jürgen; Wysłouch, Bolesław
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Studies of azimuthal dihadron correlations in ultra-central PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{{{s_{NN }}}} $ =2.76 TeV
journal, February 2014
- Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 2
Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
journal, March 2005
- Kovtun, P. K.; Son, D. T.; Starinets, A. O.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 11
Nonlinearities in the harmonic spectrum of heavy ion collisions with ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
journal, October 2012
- Teaney, D.; Yan, L.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 4
GLISSANDO: GLauber Initial-State Simulation AND mOre…
journal, January 2009
- Broniowski, Wojciech; Rybczyński, Maciej; Bożek, Piotr
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 180, Issue 1
Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory
journal, September 2010
- Alver, Burak Han; Gombeaud, Clément; Luzum, Matthew
- Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 3
Results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, November 2006
- Müller, Berndt; Nagle, James L.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 56, Issue 1
Dissipative phenomena in quark-gluon plasmas
journal, January 1985
- Danielewicz, P.; Gyulassy, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 31, Issue 1
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, October 2013
- Heinz, Ulrich; Snellings, Raimond
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 63, Issue 1
Fate of the initial state perturbations in heavy ion collisions. II. Glauber fluctuations and sounds
journal, September 2011
- Staig, Pilar; Shuryak, Edward
- Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 3
Shear Viscosity of Strongly Coupled Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Plasma
journal, August 2001
- Policastro, G.; Son, D. T.; Starinets, A. O.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 8
Scaling of fluctuations in and collisions, and eccentricities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2012
- Dumitru, Adrian; Nara, Yasushi
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 3
Event-by-event shape and flow fluctuations of relativistic heavy-ion collision fireballs
journal, August 2011
- Qiu, Zhi; Heinz, Ulrich
- Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 2
Elliptic and triangular flow anisotropy in deuteron-gold collisions at GeV at RHIC and in proton-lead collisions at TeV at the LHC
journal, April 2014
- Qin, Guang-You; Müller, Berndt
- Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 4
Fate of the initial state perturbations in heavy ion collisions. III. The second act of hydrodynamics
journal, October 2011
- Staig, Pilar; Shuryak, Edward
- Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 4
Extracting the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma from flow in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2013
- Luzum, Matthew; Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 904-905
Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2012
- Gardim, Fernando G.; Grassi, Frédérique; Luzum, Matthew
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 2
Harmonic decomposition of two particle angular correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math>
journal, February 2012
- Aamodt, K.; Abelev, B.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 708, Issue 3-5
The rise and fall of the ridge in heavy ion collisions
journal, November 2011
- Sorensen, P.; Bolliet, B.; Mócsy, Á.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 705, Issue 1-2
Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2009
- Hirano, Tetsufumi; Nara, Yasushi
- Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 6
Sounds of the QCD phase transition
journal, December 2013
- Shuryak, Edward; Staig, Pilar
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 6
Superhorizon fluctuations and acoustic oscillations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2008
- Mishra, Ananta P.; Mohapatra, Ranjita K.; Saumia, P. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 77, Issue 6
Analyzing the Power Spectrum of the Little Bangs
journal, April 2011
- Mócsy, Ágnes; Sorensen, Paul
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 855, Issue 1
Higher Harmonic Anisotropic Flow Measurements of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at
journal, July 2011
- Aamodt, K.; Abelev, B.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 3
Initial state fluctuations and final state correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2014
- Luzum, Matthew; Petersen, Hannah
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 6
Fluctuating flow angles and anisotropic flow measurements
journal, March 2013
- Heinz, Ulrich; Qiu, Zhi; Shen, Chun
- Physical Review C, Vol. 87, Issue 3
Using cosmic microwave background radiation analysis tools for flow anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2010
- Mishra, Ananta P.; Mohapatra, Ranjita K.; Saumia, P. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 3
Breaking of factorization of two-particle correlations in hydrodynamics
journal, March 2013
- Gardim, Fernando G.; Grassi, Frédérique; Luzum, Matthew
- Physical Review C, Vol. 87, Issue 3
Erratum: 200 GeV Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 , 192301 (2011)]
journal, September 2012
- Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 13
Towards the Little Bang Standard Model
journal, August 2013
- Heinz, Ulrich
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 455
Two-body nucleon-nucleon correlations in Glauber models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2010
- Broniowski, Wojciech; Rybczyński, Maciej
- Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 6
Beam Energy Dependence of the Viscous Damping of Anisotropic Flow in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, February 2014
- Lacey, Roy A.; Taranenko, A.; Jia, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 8
Higher flow harmonics from D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
journal, February 2012
- Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 2
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
journal, July 2012
- Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 1
Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, December 2010
- Qin, Guang-You; Petersen, Hannah; Bass, Steffen A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 6
Triangularity and dipole asymmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2011
- Teaney, Derek; Yan, Li
- Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 6
Extracting the bulk viscosity of the quark–gluon plasma
journal, November 2014
- Rose, Jean-Bernard; Paquet, Jean-Francois; Denicol, Gabriel S.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 931
Shear Viscosity of Strongly Coupled [script N] = 4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Plasma
text, January 2001
- Policastro, G.; Son, D. T.; Starinets, A. O.
- The American Physical Society
GLISSANDO: GLauber Initial-State Simulation AND mOre
text, January 2007
- Broniowski, Wojciech; Rybczynski, Maciej; Bozek, Piotr
- arXiv
Super-horizon fluctuations and acoustic oscillations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2007
- Mishra, Ananta P.; Mohapatra, Ranjita K.; Saumia, P. S.
- arXiv
A Monte Carlo generator of nucleon configurations in complex nuclei including Nucleon-Nucleon correlations
text, January 2009
- Alvioli, M.; Drescher, H. -J.; Strikman, M.
- arXiv
Analyzing the Power Spectrum of the Little Bangs
text, January 2011
- Mocsy, Agnes; Sorensen, Paul
- arXiv
The Rise and Fall of the Ridge in Heavy Ion Collisions
text, January 2011
- Sorensen, Paul; Bolliet, Boris; Mocsy, Agnes
- arXiv
Hydrodynamic elliptic and triangular flow in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76ATeV
text, January 2011
- Qiu, Zhi; Shen, Chun; Heinz, Ulrich W.
- arXiv
Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2011
- Gardim, Fernando G.; Grassi, Frederique; Luzum, Matthew
- arXiv
First Results from Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
text, January 2012
- Muller, Berndt; Schukraft, Jurgen; Wyslouch, Bolek
- arXiv
Non linearities in the harmonic spectrum of heavy ion collisions with ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
text, January 2012
- Teaney, Derek; Yan, Li
- arXiv
Hydrodynamic event-plane correlations in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76ATeV
text, January 2012
- Qiu, Zhi; Heinz, Ulrich W.
- arXiv
Extracting the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma from flow in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2012
- Luzum, Matthew; Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
- arXiv
Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2013
- Heinz, Ulrich W.; Snellings, Raimond
- arXiv
Fluctuating flow angles and anisotropic flow measurements
text, January 2013
- Heinz, Ulrich W.; Qiu, Zhi; Shen, Chun
- arXiv
Initial State Fluctuations and Final State Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
text, January 2013
- Luzum, Matthew; Petersen, Hannah
- arXiv
Subleading harmonic flows in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions
text, January 2015
- Mazeliauskas, Aleksas; Teaney, Derek
- arXiv
Results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
text, January 2006
- Muller, Berndt; Nagle, James L.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Bulk quantities in nuclear collisions from running-coupling factorization and hybrid simulations
journal, July 2019
- Giannini, Andre V.; Grassi, Frédérique; Luzum, Matthew
- Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 1
Relativistic Hydrodynamics in Heavy-Ion Collisions: General Aspects and Recent Developments
journal, January 2016
- Jaiswal, Amaresh; Roy, Victor
- Advances in High Energy Physics, Vol. 2016
Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
text, January 2016
- Bernhard, Jonah E.; Moreland, J. Scott; Bass, Steffen A.
- arXiv
Relativistic hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions: general aspects and recent developments
text, January 2016
- Jaiswal, Amaresh; Roy, Victor
- arXiv
Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems
text, January 2016
- Shen, Chun; Paquet, Jean-François; Denicol, Gabriel S.
- arXiv
Effect of the QCD equation of state and strange hadronic resonances on multiparticle correlations in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2017
- Alba, Paolo; Sarti, Valentina Mantovani; Noronha, Jorge
- arXiv