Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions and its Seasonality in the U.S. Midwest
Abstract
Abstract The methane (CH 4 ) budget and its source partitioning are poorly constrained in the Midwestern United States. We used tall tower (185 m) aerodynamic flux measurements and atmospheric scale factor Bayesian inversions to constrain the monthly budget and to partition the total budget into natural (e.g., wetlands) and anthropogenic (e.g., livestock, waste, and natural gas) sources for the period June 2016 to September 2017. Aerodynamic flux observations indicated that the landscape was a CH 4 source with a mean annual CH 4 flux of +13.7 ± 0.34 nmol m −2 s −1 and was rarely a net sink. The scale factor Bayesian inversion analyses revealed a mean annual source of +12.3 ± 2.1 nmol m −2 s −1 . Flux partitioning revealed that the anthropogenic source (7.8 ± 1.6 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) was 1.5 times greater than the bottom‐up gridded United States Environmental Protection Agency inventory, in which livestock and oil/gas sources were underestimated by 1.8‐fold and 1.3‐fold, respectively. Wetland emissions (4.0 ± 1.2 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) were the second largest source, accounting for 34% of the total budget. The temporal variability of total CH 4 emissions was dominated by wetlands with peak emissions occurring in August. In contrast, emissions from oil/gas and other anthropogenic sources showed relatively weakmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1];
[3];
[4];
[4];
[5];
[1];
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA, Agriculture Research Service United States Department of Agriculture St. Paul MN USA
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
- Global Monitoring Division NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Boulder CO USA
- Global Monitoring Division NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Boulder CO USA, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Forest Service Northern Research Station‐Grand Rapids Grand Rapids MN USA
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1423153
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐AC05‐00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences Journal Volume: 123 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-8953
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Chen, Zichong, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Millet, Dylan B., Wood, Jeffrey D., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Andrews, Arlyn E., Sweeney, Colm, Hu, Cheng, and Kolka, Randall K. Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions and its Seasonality in the U.S. Midwest. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JG004356.
Chen, Zichong, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Millet, Dylan B., Wood, Jeffrey D., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Andrews, Arlyn E., Sweeney, Colm, Hu, Cheng, & Kolka, Randall K. Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions and its Seasonality in the U.S. Midwest. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004356
Chen, Zichong, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Millet, Dylan B., Wood, Jeffrey D., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Andrews, Arlyn E., Sweeney, Colm, Hu, Cheng, and Kolka, Randall K. Wed .
"Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions and its Seasonality in the U.S. Midwest". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004356.
@article{osti_1423153,
title = {Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions and its Seasonality in the U.S. Midwest},
author = {Chen, Zichong and Griffis, Timothy J. and Baker, John M. and Millet, Dylan B. and Wood, Jeffrey D. and Dlugokencky, Edward J. and Andrews, Arlyn E. and Sweeney, Colm and Hu, Cheng and Kolka, Randall K.},
abstractNote = {Abstract The methane (CH 4 ) budget and its source partitioning are poorly constrained in the Midwestern United States. We used tall tower (185 m) aerodynamic flux measurements and atmospheric scale factor Bayesian inversions to constrain the monthly budget and to partition the total budget into natural (e.g., wetlands) and anthropogenic (e.g., livestock, waste, and natural gas) sources for the period June 2016 to September 2017. Aerodynamic flux observations indicated that the landscape was a CH 4 source with a mean annual CH 4 flux of +13.7 ± 0.34 nmol m −2 s −1 and was rarely a net sink. The scale factor Bayesian inversion analyses revealed a mean annual source of +12.3 ± 2.1 nmol m −2 s −1 . Flux partitioning revealed that the anthropogenic source (7.8 ± 1.6 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) was 1.5 times greater than the bottom‐up gridded United States Environmental Protection Agency inventory, in which livestock and oil/gas sources were underestimated by 1.8‐fold and 1.3‐fold, respectively. Wetland emissions (4.0 ± 1.2 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) were the second largest source, accounting for 34% of the total budget. The temporal variability of total CH 4 emissions was dominated by wetlands with peak emissions occurring in August. In contrast, emissions from oil/gas and other anthropogenic sources showed relatively weak seasonality.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JG004356},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences},
number = 2,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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