Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels

Rementeria, Rosalia; Poplawsky, Jonathan D.; Aranda, Maria M.; Guo, Wei; Jimenez, Jose A.; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos; Caballero, Francisca G.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013

Title: Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels

Abstract

Current studies using atom probe tomography (APT) show that bainitic ferrite formed at low temperature contains more carbon than what is consistent with the paraequilibrium phase diagram. However, nanocrystalline bainitic ferrite exhibits a non-homogeneous distribution of carbon atoms in arrangements with specific compositions, i.e. Cottrell atmospheres, carbon clusters, and carbides, in most cases with a size of a few nanometers. The ferrite volume within a single platelet that is free of these carbon-enriched regions is extremely small. Proximity histograms can be compromised on the ferrite side, and a great deal of care should be taken to estimate the carbon content in regions of bainitic ferrite free from carbon agglomeration. For this purpose, APT measurements were first validated for the ferritic phase in a pearlitic sample and further performed for the bainitic ferrite matrix in high-silicon steels isothermally transformed between 200 °C and 350 °C. Additionally, results were compared with the carbon concentration values derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses considering a tetragonal lattice and previous APT studies. In conclusion, the present results reveal a strong disagreement between the carbon content values in the bainitic ferrite matrix as obtained by APT and those derived from XRD measurements. Those differences have beenmore »« less

Authors:

Rementeria, Rosalia ^[1]; Poplawsky, Jonathan D. ^[2]; Aranda, Maria M. ^[1]; Guo, Wei ^[2]; Jimenez, Jose A. ^[1]; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos ^[1]; Caballero, Francisca G. ^[1]

Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid (Spain). Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM), Dept. of Physical Metallurgy
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)

Publication Date:: Mon Dec 19 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1337485

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; RFSR-CT- 2014-00019

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Acta Materialia

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 125; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Bainitic steel; Nanostructure; Tetragonal distortion; Atom probe tomography (APT); X-ray diffraction (XRD)

Citation Formats


                    Rementeria, Rosalia, Poplawsky, Jonathan D., Aranda, Maria M., Guo, Wei, Jimenez, Jose A., Garcia-Mateo, Carlos, and Caballero, Francisca G. Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013.

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                    Rementeria, Rosalia, Poplawsky, Jonathan D., Aranda, Maria M., Guo, Wei, Jimenez, Jose A., Garcia-Mateo, Carlos, & Caballero, Francisca G. Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013

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                    Rementeria, Rosalia, Poplawsky, Jonathan D., Aranda, Maria M., Guo, Wei, Jimenez, Jose A., Garcia-Mateo, Carlos, and Caballero, Francisca G. Mon .  
"Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1337485.

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@article{osti_1337485,

  title        = {Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels},

  author       = {Rementeria, Rosalia and Poplawsky, Jonathan D. and Aranda, Maria M. and Guo, Wei and Jimenez, Jose A. and Garcia-Mateo, Carlos and Caballero, Francisca G.},

  abstractNote = {Current studies using atom probe tomography (APT) show that bainitic ferrite formed at low temperature contains more carbon than what is consistent with the paraequilibrium phase diagram. However, nanocrystalline bainitic ferrite exhibits a non-homogeneous distribution of carbon atoms in arrangements with specific compositions, i.e. Cottrell atmospheres, carbon clusters, and carbides, in most cases with a size of a few nanometers. The ferrite volume within a single platelet that is free of these carbon-enriched regions is extremely small. Proximity histograms can be compromised on the ferrite side, and a great deal of care should be taken to estimate the carbon content in regions of bainitic ferrite free from carbon agglomeration. For this purpose, APT measurements were first validated for the ferritic phase in a pearlitic sample and further performed for the bainitic ferrite matrix in high-silicon steels isothermally transformed between 200 °C and 350 °C. Additionally, results were compared with the carbon concentration values derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses considering a tetragonal lattice and previous APT studies. In conclusion, the present results reveal a strong disagreement between the carbon content values in the bainitic ferrite matrix as obtained by APT and those derived from XRD measurements. Those differences have been attributed to the development of carbon-clustered regions with an increased tetragonality in a carbon-depleted matrix.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013},

  journal      = {Acta Materialia},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 125,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Dec 19 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Mon Dec 19 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Title: Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels

Abstract

Citation Formats

Critical assessment 20: on carbon excess in bainitic ferrite journal, January 2016

Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel journal, January 2007

Carbon supersaturation of ferrite in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel journal, April 2010

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Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality journal, June 2015

Growth of bainitic ferrite and carbon partitioning during the early stages of bainite transformation in a 2 mass% silicon steel studied by in situ neutron diffraction, TEM and APT journal, February 2016

Atomic scale effects of alloying, partitioning, solute drag and austempering on the mechanical properties of high-carbon bainitic–austenitic TRIP steels journal, October 2012

Nanoscale microstructural characterization of a nanobainitic steel journal, August 2011

Understanding the Behavior of Advanced High-Strength Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography journal, September 2011

Analysis of Three-dimensional Atom-probe Data by the Proximity Histogram journal, September 2000

Atomic-scale analysis of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite by atom probe tomography and correlative transmission electron microscopy journal, February 2014

Effect of Si on the acceleration of bainite transformation by pre-existing martensite journal, September 2016

Carbon partitioning during quenching and partitioning heat treatment accompanied by carbide precipitation journal, March 2015

Atomic-scale investigation of ε and θ precipitates in bainite in 100Cr6 bearing steel by atom probe tomography and ab initio calculations journal, December 2013

On the Spheroidized Carbide Dissolution and Elemental Partitioning in High Carbon Bearing Steel 100Cr6 journal, October 2013

Further evidence of tetragonality in bainitic ferrite journal, March 2014

Solubility of carbon in tetragonal ferrite in equilibrium with austenite journal, February 2013

The role of silicon, vacancies, and strain in carbon distribution in low temperature bainite journal, July 2016

Determination of matrix composition based on solute-solute nearest-neighbor distances in atom probe tomography journal, February 2011

Reciprocating-sliding wear behavior of nanostructured and ultra-fine high-silicon bainitic steels journal, September 2015

Voigt-function modeling in Fourier analysis of size- and strain-broadened X-ray diffraction peaks journal, February 1993

Lattice parameters of iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites and austenites journal, March 1990

Tensile Response of Two Nanoscale Bainite Composite-Like Structures journal, August 2015

Applications of atom-probe tomography to the characterisation of solute behaviours journal, July 2010

Mining information from atom probe data journal, December 2015

Clustering and nearest neighbour distances in atom-probe tomography journal, September 2009

Standard deviations of composition measurements in atom probe analyses—Part II: 3D atom probe journal, September 2007

Combined atom probe tomography and density functional theory investigation of the Al off-stoichiometry of κ-carbides in an austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–C low density steel journal, March 2016

Atomic-scale mechanisms of deformation-induced cementite decomposition in pearlite journal, June 2011

Atom probe tomography characterization of heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wire journal, May 2011

Evolution of strength and microstructure during annealing of heavily cold-drawn 6.3GPa hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wire journal, May 2012

Complementary use of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for the investigation of steels nanostructured by severe plastic deformation journal, June 2009

The role of carbon segregation on nanocrystallisation of pearlitic steels processed by severe plastic deformation journal, December 2006

Carbon–carbon interactions in iron journal, June 2004

Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of heavily drawn steel wires by probing perpendicular to the pearlitic lamellae journal, January 2009

Atomic-Scale Quantification of Grain Boundary Segregation in Nanocrystalline Material journal, March 2014

Shear-induced α→γ transformation in nanoscale Fe–C composite journal, April 2006

Direct evidence of cementite dissolution in drawn pearlitic steels observed by tomographic atom probe journal, July 1998

Atomistic interaction between silicon and manganese in pearlitic steel: Combined atom probe tomography and first-principle calculations journal, November 2014

The role of C and Mn at the austenite/pearlite reaction front during non-steady-state pearlite growth in a Fe–C–Mn steel journal, July 2015

Effects of Al and Mn on the formation and properties of nanostructured pearlite in high-carbon steels journal, March 2016

Atom probe microanalysis of a pearlitic steel journal, July 1977

Influence of substitutional atoms on the solubility limit of carbon in bcc iron journal, November 2011

Nature of axial ratio anomalies of the martensite lattice and mechanism of diffusionless γ → α transformation journal, September 1975

Deformation-Induced Martensite: A New Paradigm for Exceptional Steels journal, July 2016

Anomalies in carbon concentration determinations from nanostructured bainite journal, September 2014

The thermochemical implications of deformation twinning and martensite transformations journal, January 1992

Formation of α″ iron nitride in FeN martensite: Nitrogen vacancies, iron-atom displacements, and misfit-strain energy journal, January 1997

Early stages of decomposition in iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites: Diffraction analysis using synchrotron radiation journal, September 1993

The tempering of Fe-C-N martensite journal, November 1984

Corrosion properties of low carbon steel prepared by submerged friction stir processing journal, February 2018

Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation journal, August 2019

Evolution of Microstructure and Carbon Distribution During Heat Treatments of a Dual-Phase Steel: Modeling and Atom-Probe Tomography Experiments journal, October 2018

Excess Solute Carbon and Tetragonality in As-Quenched Fe-1Mn-C (C:0.07 to 0.8 Mass Pct) Martensite journal, January 2020

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Study of Carbon-Vacancy Interaction in Low-Temperature Bainite journal, January 2020

Cryogenic study of the magnetic and thermal stability of retained austenite in nanostructured bainite journal, June 2019

Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation text, January 2019

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Study of Carbon-Vacancy Interaction in Low-Temperature Bainite journal, January 2020

Reflection of strengthening results in values of generalized degrees of metallicity and covalence is principle to new strategy of designing alloys journal, February 2020

Study on Bainitic Transformation by Dilatometer and In Situ LSCM journal, May 2019

Critical assessment 20: on carbon excess in bainitic ferrite
journal, January 2016

Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel
journal, January 2007

Carbon supersaturation of ferrite in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel
journal, April 2010

Temperature dependence of carbon supersaturation of ferrite in bainitic steels
journal, November 2012

Bainite: An atom-probe study of the incomplete reaction phenomenon
journal, April 1982

Experimental evidence for non-cubic bainitic ferrite
journal, September 2013

Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality
journal, June 2015

Growth of bainitic ferrite and carbon partitioning during the early stages of bainite transformation in a 2 mass% silicon steel studied by in situ neutron diffraction, TEM and APT
journal, February 2016

Atomic scale effects of alloying, partitioning, solute drag and austempering on the mechanical properties of high-carbon bainitic–austenitic TRIP steels
journal, October 2012

Nanoscale microstructural characterization of a nanobainitic steel
journal, August 2011

Understanding the Behavior of Advanced High-Strength Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography
journal, September 2011

Analysis of Three-dimensional Atom-probe Data by the Proximity Histogram
journal, September 2000

Atomic-scale analysis of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite by atom probe tomography and correlative transmission electron microscopy
journal, February 2014

Effect of Si on the acceleration of bainite transformation by pre-existing martensite
journal, September 2016

Carbon partitioning during quenching and partitioning heat treatment accompanied by carbide precipitation
journal, March 2015

Atomic-scale investigation of ε and θ precipitates in bainite in 100Cr6 bearing steel by atom probe tomography and ab initio calculations
journal, December 2013

On the Spheroidized Carbide Dissolution and Elemental Partitioning in High Carbon Bearing Steel 100Cr6
journal, October 2013

Further evidence of tetragonality in bainitic ferrite
journal, March 2014

Solubility of carbon in tetragonal ferrite in equilibrium with austenite
journal, February 2013

The role of silicon, vacancies, and strain in carbon distribution in low temperature bainite
journal, July 2016

Determination of matrix composition based on solute-solute nearest-neighbor distances in atom probe tomography
journal, February 2011

Reciprocating-sliding wear behavior of nanostructured and ultra-fine high-silicon bainitic steels
journal, September 2015

Voigt-function modeling in Fourier analysis of size- and strain-broadened X-ray diffraction peaks
journal, February 1993

Lattice parameters of iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites and austenites
journal, March 1990

Tensile Response of Two Nanoscale Bainite Composite-Like Structures
journal, August 2015

Applications of atom-probe tomography to the characterisation of solute behaviours
journal, July 2010

Mining information from atom probe data
journal, December 2015

Clustering and nearest neighbour distances in atom-probe tomography
journal, September 2009

Standard deviations of composition measurements in atom probe analyses—Part II: 3D atom probe
journal, September 2007

Combined atom probe tomography and density functional theory investigation of the Al off-stoichiometry of κ-carbides in an austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–C low density steel
journal, March 2016

Atomic-scale mechanisms of deformation-induced cementite decomposition in pearlite
journal, June 2011

Atom probe tomography characterization of heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wire
journal, May 2011

Evolution of strength and microstructure during annealing of heavily cold-drawn 6.3GPa hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wire
journal, May 2012

Complementary use of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for the investigation of steels nanostructured by severe plastic deformation
journal, June 2009

The role of carbon segregation on nanocrystallisation of pearlitic steels processed by severe plastic deformation
journal, December 2006

Carbon–carbon interactions in iron
journal, June 2004

Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of heavily drawn steel wires by probing perpendicular to the pearlitic lamellae
journal, January 2009

Atomic-Scale Quantification of Grain Boundary Segregation in Nanocrystalline Material
journal, March 2014

Shear-induced α→γ transformation in nanoscale Fe–C composite
journal, April 2006

Direct evidence of cementite dissolution in drawn pearlitic steels observed by tomographic atom probe
journal, July 1998

Atomistic interaction between silicon and manganese in pearlitic steel: Combined atom probe tomography and first-principle calculations
journal, November 2014

The role of C and Mn at the austenite/pearlite reaction front during non-steady-state pearlite growth in a Fe–C–Mn steel
journal, July 2015

Effects of Al and Mn on the formation and properties of nanostructured pearlite in high-carbon steels
journal, March 2016

Atom probe microanalysis of a pearlitic steel
journal, July 1977

Influence of substitutional atoms on the solubility limit of carbon in bcc iron
journal, November 2011

Nature of axial ratio anomalies of the martensite lattice and mechanism of diffusionless γ → α transformation
journal, September 1975

Deformation-Induced Martensite: A New Paradigm for Exceptional Steels
journal, July 2016

Anomalies in carbon concentration determinations from nanostructured bainite
journal, September 2014

The thermochemical implications of deformation twinning and martensite transformations
journal, January 1992

Formation of α″ iron nitride in FeN martensite: Nitrogen vacancies, iron-atom displacements, and misfit-strain energy
journal, January 1997

Early stages of decomposition in iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites: Diffraction analysis using synchrotron radiation
journal, September 1993

The tempering of Fe-C-N martensite
journal, November 1984

Corrosion properties of low carbon steel prepared by submerged friction stir processing
journal, February 2018

Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation
journal, August 2019

Evolution of Microstructure and Carbon Distribution During Heat Treatments of a Dual-Phase Steel: Modeling and Atom-Probe Tomography Experiments
journal, October 2018

Excess Solute Carbon and Tetragonality in As-Quenched Fe-1Mn-C (C:0.07 to 0.8 Mass Pct) Martensite
journal, January 2020

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Study of Carbon-Vacancy Interaction in Low-Temperature Bainite
journal, January 2020

Cryogenic study of the magnetic and thermal stability of retained austenite in nanostructured bainite
journal, June 2019

Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation
text, January 2019

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Study of Carbon-Vacancy Interaction in Low-Temperature Bainite
journal, January 2020

Reflection of strengthening results in values of generalized degrees of metallicity and covalence is principle to new strategy of designing alloys
journal, February 2020

Study on Bainitic Transformation by Dilatometer and In Situ LSCM
journal, May 2019