Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken
Abstract
Relativistic runaway electrons in ITER could be confined in a broad annulus of stochastic magnetic field lines bounded by an annulus of magnetic surfaces. The outer confining annulus can be broken by either an evolution of the magnetic field or by the drift of the plasma into the walls. Both possibilities are studied, and in both cases, the relativistic electrons in the stochastic region are lost to the walls in a short pulse of length $$\tau$$ℓ along a narrow tube, which carries a flux fψst, where f ~ 10-3 and ψst is the toroidal flux in stochastic annulus. Both $$\tau$$ℓ and f are determined by two parameters: the time it takes for a toroidal transit of a relativistic electron $$\tau$$t = 2πR/c, which is approximately 0.1 μs in ITER, and the evolution time $$\tau$$ev, which is of order 100 ms in most conditions of interest for ITER. The concept of turnstiles in Hamiltonian mechanics is then used to obtain the relation between $$\tau$$ℓ and f and $$\tau$$t and $$\tau$$ev. The turnstile concept is also important in the theory of divertors for stellarators.
- Authors:
-
[2]
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
- Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States). Dept. of Mathematics
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)
- Contributing Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1465170
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1330119
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-03ER54696; FG02-04ER54793; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; runaway electrons; Hamiltonian mechanics; magnetic flux; relativistic plasmas; tokamaks; toroidal plasma confinement; plasma transport properties; stellar spectral lines; magnetic fields; surface magnetism
Citation Formats
Boozer, Allen H., and Punjabi, Alkesh. Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4966046.
Boozer, Allen H., & Punjabi, Alkesh. Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966046
Boozer, Allen H., and Punjabi, Alkesh. Wed .
"Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966046. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1465170.
@article{osti_1465170,
title = {Loss of relativistic electrons when magnetic surfaces are broken},
author = {Boozer, Allen H. and Punjabi, Alkesh},
abstractNote = {Relativistic runaway electrons in ITER could be confined in a broad annulus of stochastic magnetic field lines bounded by an annulus of magnetic surfaces. The outer confining annulus can be broken by either an evolution of the magnetic field or by the drift of the plasma into the walls. Both possibilities are studied, and in both cases, the relativistic electrons in the stochastic region are lost to the walls in a short pulse of length $\tau$ℓ along a narrow tube, which carries a flux fψst, where f ~ 10-3 and ψst is the toroidal flux in stochastic annulus. Both $\tau$ℓ and f are determined by two parameters: the time it takes for a toroidal transit of a relativistic electron $\tau$t = 2πR/c, which is approximately 0.1 μs in ITER, and the evolution time $\tau$ev, which is of order 100 ms in most conditions of interest for ITER. The concept of turnstiles in Hamiltonian mechanics is then used to obtain the relation between $\tau$ℓ and f and $\tau$t and $\tau$ev. The turnstile concept is also important in the theory of divertors for stellarators.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4966046},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 10,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Simulation of stellarator divertors
journal, September 2018
- Boozer, Allen H.; Punjabi, Alkesh
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Simulation of non-resonant stellarator divertor
text, January 2021
- Punjabi, Alkesh; Boozer, Allen H.
- arXiv