Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

León-Brito, Neliza; Bauer, Eric Dietzgen; Ronning, Filip; Thompson, Joe David; Movshovich, Roman

doi:10.1063/1.4961592

Title: Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂

Abstract

Here, magnetic force microscopy was used to observe the magnetic microstructure of Fe₃GeTe₂ at 4 K on the (001) surface. The surface magnetic structure consists of a two-phase domain branching pattern that is characteristic for highly uniaxial magnets in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic easy axis. The average surface magnetic domain width D_s = 1.3 μm determined from this pattern, in combination with intrinsic properties calculated from bulk magnetization data (the saturation magnetization M_s = 376 emu/cm³ and the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K_u = 1.46 × 10⁷ erg/cm³), was used to determine the following micromagnetic parameters for Fe₃GeTe₂ from phenomenological models: the domain wall energy γ_w = 4.7 erg/cm², the domain wall thickness δ_w = 2.5 nm, the exchange stiffness constant A_ex = 0.95 × 10^–7 erg/cm, the exchange length l_ex = 2.3 nm, and the critical single domain particle diameter d_c = 470 nm.

Authors:

^[1]; Bauer, Eric Dietzgen ^[1]; Ronning, Filip ^[1]; Thompson, Joe David ^[1]; Movshovich, Roman ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1325649

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1310827

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-22303
Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979; JAPIAU

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; DEAC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 120; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    León-Brito, Neliza, Bauer, Eric Dietzgen, Ronning, Filip, Thompson, Joe David, and Movshovich, Roman. Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4961592.

Copy to clipboard


                    León-Brito, Neliza, Bauer, Eric Dietzgen, Ronning, Filip, Thompson, Joe David, & Movshovich, Roman. Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4961592

Copy to clipboard


                    León-Brito, Neliza, Bauer, Eric Dietzgen, Ronning, Filip, Thompson, Joe David, and Movshovich, Roman. Sun .  
"Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4961592.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1325649.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1325649,

  title        = {Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2},

  author       = {León-Brito, Neliza and Bauer, Eric Dietzgen and Ronning, Filip and Thompson, Joe David and Movshovich, Roman},

  abstractNote = {Here, magnetic force microscopy was used to observe the magnetic microstructure of Fe3GeTe2 at 4 K on the (001) surface. The surface magnetic structure consists of a two-phase domain branching pattern that is characteristic for highly uniaxial magnets in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic easy axis. The average surface magnetic domain width Ds = 1.3 μm determined from this pattern, in combination with intrinsic properties calculated from bulk magnetization data (the saturation magnetization Ms = 376 emu/cm3 and the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant Ku = 1.46 × 107 erg/cm3), was used to determine the following micromagnetic parameters for Fe3GeTe2 from phenomenological models: the domain wall energy γw = 4.7 erg/cm2, the domain wall thickness δw = 2.5 nm, the exchange stiffness constant Aex = 0.95 × 10–7 erg/cm, the exchange length lex = 2.3 nm, and the critical single domain particle diameter dc = 470 nm.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4961592},

  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 120,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Sun Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4961592

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 79 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

The Magnetic Structure of Cobalt
journal, May 1938

Elmore, W. C.
Physical Review, Vol. 53, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.53.757

A Mechanism of Magnetic Hysteresis in Heterogeneous Alloys
journal, May 1948

Stoner, E. C.; Wohlfarth, E. P.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 240, Issue 826
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007

Theory of the Structure of Ferromagnetic Domains in Films and Small Particles
journal, December 1946

Kittel, Charles
Physical Review, Vol. 70, Issue 11-12
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.70.965

High-throughput search for new permanent magnet materials
journal, January 2014

Goll, D.; Loeffler, R.; Herbst, J.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064208

Der Einfluß der Magnetostriktion auf die magnetische Bereichsstruktur einachsiger Kristalle, insbesondere des Kobalts
journal, January 1967

Hubert, A.
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 22, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.19670220241

Zur bestimmung der blochwandenergie von einachsigen ferromagneten
journal, November 1977

Bodenberger, R.; Hubert, A.
Physica Status Solidi (a), Vol. 44, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210440146

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Compound Fe3GeTe2
journal, January 2010

Chen, Bin; Yang, JinHu; Ohta, Hiroto
Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 57, Issue 3
DOI: 10.2497/jjspm.57.172

Domain wall energy in Nd<inf>2</inf>(Fe,Co,Al)<inf>14</inf>B alloys
journal, September 1987

Szymczak, R.; Szymczak, H.; Burzo, E.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 23, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1987.1065679

Magnetic structure and phase stability of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet ${Fe}_{3 - x} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, January 2016

May, Andrew F.; Calder, Stuart; Cantoni, Claudia
Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014411

Electronic correlation and magnetism in the ferromagnetic metal ${Fe}_{3} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, April 2016

Zhu, Jian-Xin; Janoschek, Marc; Chaves, D. S.
Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.144404

Ferromagnetic Order, Strong Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, and Magnetocaloric Effect in the Layered Telluride Fe _3−δ GeTe ₂
journal, August 2015

Verchenko, Valeriy Yu.; Tsirlin, Alexander A.; Sobolev, Alexei V.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01260

Dependence of domain width on crystal thickness in YCo5 single crystals
journal, December 1985

Płusa, D.; Pfranger, R.; Wysłocki, B.
physica status solidi (a), Vol. 92, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210920225

A Family of New Cobalt‐Base Permanent Magnet Materials
journal, March 1967

Strnat, K.; Hoffer, G.; Olson, J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1063/1.1709459

Fe3GeTe2 and Ni3GeTe2 – Two New Layered Transition-Metal Compounds: Crystal Structures, HRTEM Investigations, and Magnetic and Electrical Properties
journal, April 2006

Deiseroth, Hans-Jörg; Aleksandrov, Krasimir; Reiner, Christof
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2006, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200501020

Magnetic Domain Structure and Intrinsic Magnetic Material Parameters of Ternary Intermetallic RMn2Ge2 Compounds (R ? La, Ce, Pr and Nd)
journal, May 2000

Wys?ocki, J. J.; Przyby?, A.; Pawlik, P.
physica status solidi (a), Vol. 179, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/1521-396X(200005)179:1<211::AID-PSSA211>3.0.CO;2-I

Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient
journal, December 2010

Gutfleisch, Oliver; Willard, Matthew A.; Brück, Ekkes
Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002180

Design of a variable temperature scanning force microscope
journal, August 2009

Nazaretski, E.; Graham, K. S.; Thompson, J. D.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 80, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.3212561

Rare Earth Permanent-Magnet Alloys’ High Temperature Phase Transformation: In Situ and Dynamic Observation and Its Application in Material Design
book, January 2013

Pan, Shuming
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36388-7

Interpretation of Domain Patterns Recently Found in BiMn and SiFe Alloys
journal, April 1956

Goodenough, John B.
Physical Review, Vol. 102, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.102.356

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation
journal, July 2012

Lewis, Laura H.; Jiménez-Villacorta, Félix
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 44, Issue S1
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1278-2

Physical Theory of Ferromagnetic Domains
journal, October 1949

Kittel, Charles
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.21.541

Zur Theorie der zweiphasigen Domänenstrukturen in Supraleitern und Ferromagneten
journal, January 1967

Hubert, A.
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 24, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.19670240229

Works referencing / citing this record:

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics
journal, May 2019

Li, Hui; Ruan, Shuangchen; Zeng, Yu‐Jia
Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900065

Fe _{5− x} Ge ₂ Te ₂ —a New Exfoliable Itinerant Ferromagnet with High Curie Temperature and Large Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
journal, December 2019

Jothi, Palani R.; Scheifers, Jan P.; Zhang, Yuemei
physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201900666

The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe _5- _δ GeTe ₂ and Fe _5- _δ _-x Ni _x GeTe ₂ - Crystal Structure, Stacking Faults, and Magnetic Properties : The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe
journal, November 2018

Stahl, Juliane; Shlaen, Evgeniya; Johrendt, Dirk
Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Vol. 644, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800456

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
journal, April 2018

Tan, Cheng; Lee, Jinhwan; Jung, Soon-Gil
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04018-w

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2
journal, August 2018

Fei, Zaiyao; Huang, Bevin; Malinowski, Paul
Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe3−xGeTe2
journal, September 2019

Liu, Yu; Li, Jun; Tao, Jing
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49654-4

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, September 2017

Liu, Shanshan; Yuan, Xiang; Zou, Yichao
npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 1, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41699-017-0033-3

Antiferromagnetic coupling of van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe ₃ GeTe ₂
journal, March 2019

Kim, Dongseuk; Park, Sijin; Lee, Jinhwan
Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0a37

Field-dependent anisotropic magnetic coupling in layered ferromagnetic ${Fe}_{3 - x} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, September 2019

Liu, Wei; Wang, Yamei; Fan, Jiyu
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.104403

Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ /graphite/Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ trilayer heterostructures
journal, July 2019

Albarakati, Sultan; Tan, Cheng; Chen, Zhong-Jia
Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0409

Two-Dimensional Itinerant Ising Ferromagnetism in Atomically thin Fe3GeTe2
text, January 2018

Fei, Zaiyao; Huang, Bevin; Malinowski, Paul
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.02559

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
text, January 2018

Tan, Cheng; Lee, Jinhwan; Jung, Soon-Gil
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.02934

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$
text, January 2019

Liu, Yu; Li, Jun; Tao, Jing
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.03873

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Magnetic hardening and coercivity mechanisms in L1{sub o} ordered FePd ferromagnets

Journal Article Klemmer, T ; Hoydick, D ; Okumura, H ; ... - Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia

The tetragonal L1{sub o} family of ferromagnets including the Co-Pt, Fe-Pt, Fe-Pd and Mn-Al alloy systems exhibits high, uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropies with first anisotropy constants K{sub 1} {approximately} 10{sup 7}--10{sup 8} ergs/cm{sup 3}. The domain parameters of these materials are similar to the rare earth permanent magnets and the defect structure is dominated by planar faults such as APB`s, stacking faults, and twins. In this study the micromagnetic analysis of Kronmueller has been applied to elucidate the mechanism of coercivity controlling the hysteresis of the polytwinned L1{sub o} FePd equiatomic alloy and the results are consistent with pinning control involvingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00413-P
Magnetic properties and structure change from tetragonal to hexagonal for the rapidly quenched SmTiFe/sub 11/ alloy ribbons

Journal Article Saito, H ; Takahashi, M ; Wakiyama, T - J. Appl. Phys.; (United States)

Structure and magnetic properties of the rapidly quenched SmTiFe/sub 11/ alloy ribbons fabricated under various quenching rates were systematically examined. Phase transformation from an equilibrium ThMn/sub 12/-type structure (tetragonal) to a metastable TbCu/sub 7/-type disordered structure (hexagonal) was found for the ribbons fabricated around the roll velocity, V/sub R/approx. =30 m/s. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy changed from uniaxial (K/sub u//sub 1/ = 5.0 x 10/sup 7/ erg/cm/sup 3/) to in-plane anistropy in accordance with the structure change from ThMn/sub 12/- to TbCu/sub 7/-type structure. M/sub s/ and T/sub c/ varied from 125 emu/g and 320 /sup 0/C (ThMn/sub 12/ type) to 114more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.342164
Perpendicular uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}(001) single crystal films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Journal Article Takahashi, H ; Igarashi, M ; Kaneko, A ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

The uniaxial magnetic anisotropies by torque measurement have been measured for Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}(001) films exhibits perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy which makes the easy axis along the [001] direction, and those anisotropy constants K{sub U1} and K{sub U2} for Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} were 1.6 x 10{sup 7} and 0.4 x 10{sup 7} erg/cm{sup 3}, respectively. Those K{sub U1} and K{sub U2} for Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} were constant in the thickness range from 34 to 83 nm. The ferromagnetic resonance of Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}(001) single crystal films have been measured. The saturation magnetic flux densities, 4{pi}M{sub s} for Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} measuredmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/20.801054
Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe₃GeTe₂

Journal Article Fei, Zaiyao ; Huang, Bevin ; Malinowski, Paul ; ... - Nature Materials

Discoveries of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) crystals provide an interesting arena for studying fundamental 2D magnetism and devices that employ localized spins1,2,3,4. However, an exfoliable vdW material that exhibits intrinsic 2D itinerant magnetism remains elusive. We demonstrate that Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT), an exfoliable vdW magnet, exhibits robust 2D ferromagnetism with strong perpendicular anisotropy when thinned down to a monolayer. Layer-number-dependent studies reveal a crossover from 3D to 2D Ising ferromagnetism for thicknesses less than 4 nm (five layers), accompanied by a fast drop of the Curie temperature (T_C) from 207 K to 130 K in themore »« less
Cited by 683
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7

Full Text Available
Visualizing the Effect of Oxidation on Magnetic Domain Behavior of Nanoscale Fe₃GeTe₂ for Applications in Spintronics

Journal Article Li, Yue ; Hu, Xiaobing ; Fereidouni, Arash ; ... - ACS Applied Nano Materials

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an opportunity to design heterostructures that will lead to exotic functionalities that arise from interfacial interaction. In addition to coupling to different vdW materials, the naturally oxidized surface layer of a vdW material also forms a heterostructure with its bulk film, giving rise to intriguing phenomena. Here, we directly observe the impact of oxidation on the magnetic domains, namely, magnetic stripe domain and skyrmions, in a nanoscale Fe₃GeTe₂ flake using cryo Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. After the Fe₃GeTe₂ is exposed to ambient conditions, partial oxidation leads to an increase in the density ofmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c05479

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

Abstract

Citation Formats

The Magnetic Structure of Cobalt journal, May 1938

A Mechanism of Magnetic Hysteresis in Heterogeneous Alloys journal, May 1948

Theory of the Structure of Ferromagnetic Domains in Films and Small Particles journal, December 1946

High-throughput search for new permanent magnet materials journal, January 2014

Der Einfluß der Magnetostriktion auf die magnetische Bereichsstruktur einachsiger Kristalle, insbesondere des Kobalts journal, January 1967

Zur bestimmung der blochwandenergie von einachsigen ferromagneten journal, November 1977

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Compound Fe3GeTe2 journal, January 2010

Domain wall energy in Nd<inf>2</inf>(Fe,Co,Al)<inf>14</inf>B alloys journal, September 1987

Magnetic structure and phase stability of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe 3 − x GeTe 2 journal, January 2016

Electronic correlation and magnetism in the ferromagnetic metal Fe 3 GeTe 2 journal, April 2016

Ferromagnetic Order, Strong Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, and Magnetocaloric Effect in the Layered Telluride Fe 3−δ GeTe 2 journal, August 2015

Dependence of domain width on crystal thickness in YCo5 single crystals journal, December 1985

A Family of New Cobalt‐Base Permanent Magnet Materials journal, March 1967

Fe3GeTe2 and Ni3GeTe2 – Two New Layered Transition-Metal Compounds: Crystal Structures, HRTEM Investigations, and Magnetic and Electrical Properties journal, April 2006

Magnetic Domain Structure and Intrinsic Magnetic Material Parameters of Ternary Intermetallic RMn2Ge2 Compounds (R ? La, Ce, Pr and Nd) journal, May 2000

Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient journal, December 2010

Design of a variable temperature scanning force microscope journal, August 2009

Rare Earth Permanent-Magnet Alloys’ High Temperature Phase Transformation: In Situ and Dynamic Observation and Its Application in Material Design book, January 2013

Interpretation of Domain Patterns Recently Found in BiMn and SiFe Alloys journal, April 1956

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation journal, July 2012

Physical Theory of Ferromagnetic Domains journal, October 1949

Zur Theorie der zweiphasigen Domänenstrukturen in Supraleitern und Ferromagneten journal, January 1967

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics journal, May 2019

Fe 5− x Ge 2 Te 2 —a New Exfoliable Itinerant Ferromagnet with High Curie Temperature and Large Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy journal, December 2019

The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe 5- δ GeTe 2 and Fe 5- δ -x Ni x GeTe 2 - Crystal Structure, Stacking Faults, and Magnetic Properties : The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe journal, November 2018

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 journal, April 2018

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2 journal, August 2018

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe3−xGeTe2 journal, September 2019

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy journal, September 2017

Antiferromagnetic coupling of van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe 3 GeTe 2 journal, March 2019

Field-dependent anisotropic magnetic coupling in layered ferromagnetic Fe 3 − x GeTe 2 journal, September 2019

Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe 3 GeTe 2 /graphite/Fe 3 GeTe 2 trilayer heterostructures journal, July 2019

Two-Dimensional Itinerant Ising Ferromagnetism in Atomically thin Fe3GeTe2 text, January 2018

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 text, January 2018

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$ text, January 2019

Title: Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂

The Magnetic Structure of Cobalt
journal, May 1938

A Mechanism of Magnetic Hysteresis in Heterogeneous Alloys
journal, May 1948

Theory of the Structure of Ferromagnetic Domains in Films and Small Particles
journal, December 1946

High-throughput search for new permanent magnet materials
journal, January 2014

Der Einfluß der Magnetostriktion auf die magnetische Bereichsstruktur einachsiger Kristalle, insbesondere des Kobalts
journal, January 1967

Zur bestimmung der blochwandenergie von einachsigen ferromagneten
journal, November 1977

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Compound Fe3GeTe2
journal, January 2010

Domain wall energy in Nd<inf>2</inf>(Fe,Co,Al)<inf>14</inf>B alloys
journal, September 1987

Magnetic structure and phase stability of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet ${Fe}_{3 - x} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, January 2016

Electronic correlation and magnetism in the ferromagnetic metal ${Fe}_{3} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, April 2016

Ferromagnetic Order, Strong Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, and Magnetocaloric Effect in the Layered Telluride Fe _3−δ GeTe ₂
journal, August 2015

Dependence of domain width on crystal thickness in YCo5 single crystals
journal, December 1985

A Family of New Cobalt‐Base Permanent Magnet Materials
journal, March 1967

Fe3GeTe2 and Ni3GeTe2 – Two New Layered Transition-Metal Compounds: Crystal Structures, HRTEM Investigations, and Magnetic and Electrical Properties
journal, April 2006

Magnetic Domain Structure and Intrinsic Magnetic Material Parameters of Ternary Intermetallic RMn2Ge2 Compounds (R ? La, Ce, Pr and Nd)
journal, May 2000

Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient
journal, December 2010

Design of a variable temperature scanning force microscope
journal, August 2009

Rare Earth Permanent-Magnet Alloys’ High Temperature Phase Transformation: In Situ and Dynamic Observation and Its Application in Material Design
book, January 2013

Interpretation of Domain Patterns Recently Found in BiMn and SiFe Alloys
journal, April 1956

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation
journal, July 2012

Physical Theory of Ferromagnetic Domains
journal, October 1949

Zur Theorie der zweiphasigen Domänenstrukturen in Supraleitern und Ferromagneten
journal, January 1967

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics
journal, May 2019

Fe _{5− x} Ge ₂ Te ₂ —a New Exfoliable Itinerant Ferromagnet with High Curie Temperature and Large Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
journal, December 2019

The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe _5- _δ GeTe ₂ and Fe _5- _δ _-x Ni _x GeTe ₂ - Crystal Structure, Stacking Faults, and Magnetic Properties : The van der Waals Ferromagnets Fe
journal, November 2018

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
journal, April 2018

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2
journal, August 2018

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe3−xGeTe2
journal, September 2019

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, September 2017

Antiferromagnetic coupling of van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe ₃ GeTe ₂
journal, March 2019

Field-dependent anisotropic magnetic coupling in layered ferromagnetic ${Fe}_{3 - x} {GeTe}_{2}$
journal, September 2019

Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ /graphite/Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ trilayer heterostructures
journal, July 2019

Two-Dimensional Itinerant Ising Ferromagnetism in Atomically thin Fe3GeTe2
text, January 2018

Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
text, January 2018

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$
text, January 2019