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Title: On the hydrophilicity of electrodes for capacitive energy extraction

Abstract

The so-called Capmix technique for energy extraction is based on the cyclic expansion of electrical double layers to harvest dissipative energy arising from the salinity difference between freshwater and seawater. Its optimal performance requires a careful selection of the electrical potentials for the charging and discharging processes, which must be matched with the pore characteristics of the electrode materials. While a number of recent studies have examined the effects of the electrode pore size and geometry on the capacitive energy extraction processes, there is little knowledge on how the surface properties of the electrodes affect the thermodynamic efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the Capmix processes using the classical density functional theory for a realistic model of electrolyte solutions. The theoretical predictions allow us to identify optimal operation parameters for capacitive energy extraction with porous electrodes of different surface hydrophobicity. Finally, in agreement with recent experiments, we find that the thermodynamic efficiency can be much improved by using most hydrophilic electrodes.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Dept. of Mathematics
  2. (China). State Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering
  3. (China). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
  4. East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China). State Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States); East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport Center (FIRST)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Chinese Scholarship Council
Contributing Org.:
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
OSTI Identifier:
1340470
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1324475
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 46; Journal ID: ISSN 0953-8984
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; energy extraction; salinity exchange; electric double layer; classical density functional theory

Citation Formats

Lian, Cheng, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai, Kong, Xian, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, Liu, Honglai, and Wu, Jianzhong. On the hydrophilicity of electrodes for capacitive energy extraction. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464008.
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Lian, Cheng, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai, Kong, Xian, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, Liu, Honglai, & Wu, Jianzhong. On the hydrophilicity of electrodes for capacitive energy extraction. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464008
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Lian, Cheng, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai, Kong, Xian, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, Liu, Honglai, and Wu, Jianzhong. Wed . "On the hydrophilicity of electrodes for capacitive energy extraction". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464008. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340470.
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@article{osti_1340470,
title = {On the hydrophilicity of electrodes for capacitive energy extraction},
author = {Lian, Cheng and East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai and Kong, Xian and Tsinghua Univ., Beijing and Liu, Honglai and Wu, Jianzhong},
abstractNote = {The so-called Capmix technique for energy extraction is based on the cyclic expansion of electrical double layers to harvest dissipative energy arising from the salinity difference between freshwater and seawater. Its optimal performance requires a careful selection of the electrical potentials for the charging and discharging processes, which must be matched with the pore characteristics of the electrode materials. While a number of recent studies have examined the effects of the electrode pore size and geometry on the capacitive energy extraction processes, there is little knowledge on how the surface properties of the electrodes affect the thermodynamic efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the Capmix processes using the classical density functional theory for a realistic model of electrolyte solutions. The theoretical predictions allow us to identify optimal operation parameters for capacitive energy extraction with porous electrodes of different surface hydrophobicity. Finally, in agreement with recent experiments, we find that the thermodynamic efficiency can be much improved by using most hydrophilic electrodes.},
doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464008},
journal = {Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter},
number = 46,
volume = 28,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/46/464008
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Cited by: 8 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Schematic representations of the CDLE capacitive mixing process (a). The device consists of an external circuit for charging (capacitance resistance RC) and discharging (load RL) and two porous electrodes in alternative contacts with fresh and seawater. And the thermodynamic cycle in terms of the surface charge density vs.more » the electrical potential of the positive electrode (b).« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Direct Electricity Generation Mediated by Molecular Interactions with Low Dimensional Carbon Materials—A Mechanistic Perspective
    journal, October 2018

    • Liu, Albert Tianxiang; Zhang, Ge; Cottrill, Anton L.
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 35
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201802212

    Time-dependent density functional theory for the charging kinetics of electric double layer containing room-temperature ionic liquids
    journal, November 2016

    • Lian, Cheng; Zhao, Shuangliang; Liu, Honglai
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 145, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4968037

    Study of a water-graphene capacitor with molecular density functional theory
    journal, September 2019

    • Jeanmairet, Guillaume; Rotenberg, Benjamin; Borgis, Daniel
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5118301

    Computational Insights into Materials and Interfaces for Capacitive Energy Storage
    journal, April 2017

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