Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry

Vasoya, Manish; Rycroft, Chris H.; Bouchbinder, Eran

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024008

Title: Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry

Abstract

Understanding the fracture toughness (resistance) of glasses is a fundamental problem of prime theoretical and practical importance. Here we theoretically study its dependence on the loading rate, the age (history) of the glass, and the notch radius ρ. Reduced-dimensionality analysis suggests that the notch fracture toughness results from a competition between the initial, age- and history-dependent, plastic relaxation time scale τ$$ ^{pl}_0 $$ and an effective loading time scale τ^ext($$ \dot{K} $$_I,ρ), where KI is the tensile stress-intensity-factor rate. The toughness is predicted to scale with ρ independently of ξ≡τ^ext/τ$$ ^{pl}_0 $$ for ξ «1, to scale as T$$ \sqrt{ρ} $$log(ξ) for ξ«1 (related to thermal activation, where T is the temperature), and to feature a nonmonotonic behavior in the crossover region ξ~O(1) (related to plastic yielding dynamics). These predictions are verified using 2D computations, providing a unified picture of the notch fracture toughness of glasses. Here, the theory highlights the importance of time-scale competition and far-from-steady-state elasto-viscoplastic dynamics for understanding the toughness and shows that the latter varies quite significantly with the glass age (history) and applied loading rate. Experimental support for bulk metallic glasses is presented, and possible implications for applications are discussed.

Authors:

Vasoya, Manish ^[1]; Rycroft, Chris H. ^[2]; Bouchbinder, Eran ^[1]

Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1525167

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1290312

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Applied

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Vasoya, Manish, Rycroft, Chris H., and Bouchbinder, Eran. Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024008.

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                    Vasoya, Manish, Rycroft, Chris H., & Bouchbinder, Eran. Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024008

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                    Vasoya, Manish, Rycroft, Chris H., and Bouchbinder, Eran. Thu .  
"Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024008.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1525167.

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@article{osti_1525167,

  title        = {Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry},

  author       = {Vasoya, Manish and Rycroft, Chris H. and Bouchbinder, Eran},

  abstractNote = {Understanding the fracture toughness (resistance) of glasses is a fundamental problem of prime theoretical and practical importance. Here we theoretically study its dependence on the loading rate, the age (history) of the glass, and the notch radius ρ. Reduced-dimensionality analysis suggests that the notch fracture toughness results from a competition between the initial, age- and history-dependent, plastic relaxation time scale τ$ ^{pl}_0 $ and an effective loading time scale τext($ \dot{K} $I,ρ), where KI is the tensile stress-intensity-factor rate. The toughness is predicted to scale with ρ independently of ξ≡τext/τ$ ^{pl}_0 $ for ξ «1, to scale as T$ \sqrt{ρ} $log(ξ) for ξ«1 (related to thermal activation, where T is the temperature), and to feature a nonmonotonic behavior in the crossover region ξ~O(1) (related to plastic yielding dynamics). These predictions are verified using 2D computations, providing a unified picture of the notch fracture toughness of glasses. Here, the theory highlights the importance of time-scale competition and far-from-steady-state elasto-viscoplastic dynamics for understanding the toughness and shows that the latter varies quite significantly with the glass age (history) and applied loading rate. Experimental support for bulk metallic glasses is presented, and possible implications for applications are discussed.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024008},

  journal      = {Physical Review Applied},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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FIG. 1: The problem setting and an example of a numerical solution in the near-notch-root region. (a) The hydrostatic pressure and (b) the magnitude of the deviatoric stress, both normalized by the shear yield stress s_y, are shown. The dasheddotted line corresponds to the initial notch state and the solidmore »

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Works referencing / citing this record:

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Ozawa, Misaki; Berthier, Ludovic; Biroli, Giulio
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Pinching a glass reveals key properties of its soft spots
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Investigation of Mode I Notch Toughness of Zr{sub 41.2}Ti{sub 13.8}Cu{sub 10}Ni{sub 12.5}Be{sub 22.5} Metallic Glass under Dynamic Loading Conditions

Journal Article Wang, Zhiyong ; Zhou, Zhipeng ; Jiao, Zhiming ; ... - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Based on dynamic three-point bending tests, the dynamic notch toughness (K{sub Q}{sup d}) of Zr{sub 41.2}Ti{sub 13.8}Cu{sub 10}Ni{sub 12.5}Be{sub 22.5} (Vit 1) bulk metallic glass (BMG) was found to be sensitive to stress intensity factor rate ( K-dot {sub Q}{sup d}), which varied from 5.21 to 31.90 MPa m{sup 1/2}. The number of shear bands (N{sub s}) in the notch tip plastic zone was quantitatively analyzed. The phenomenon wherein N{sub s} decreased with increasing loading rate was explained based on the theory of the shear transformation zone and the softening mechanism. Then, power law relationships were established among N{sub s}, K{sub Q}{supmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/S11665-019-04368-6
Inelastic response of a deep crack single-edge notch specimen under impact loading

Conference Vargas, P M ; Dodds, Jr, R H

Many significant problems in fracture mechanics of ductile metals involve surface breaking defects (cracks) located in structures that are subjected to short-duration loading caused by impact or blast. When the severity of impact loads is sufficient to produce large inelastic deformations, the assessment of crack-tip conditions must include the effects of plasticity, strain rate and inertia. This research examines the interaction of impact loading, inelastic material deformation and rate sensitivity with the goal of improving procedures for the engineering assessment of flaws located in critical structures. The work focuses on the bending-type test specimen employed to measure the inherent fracturemore »« less

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Title: Notch Fracture Toughness of Glasses: Dependence on Rate, Age, and Geometry

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The fracture toughness of bulk metallic glasses journal, April 2010

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Deformation and Failure of Amorphous Solidlike Materials text, January 2010

Linear Response Theory for Hard and Soft Glassy Materials text, January 2011

Two-temperature continuum thermomechanics of deforming amorphous solids text, January 2014

Athermal Shear-Transformation-Zone Theory of Amorphous Plastic Deformation I: Basic Principles text, January 2006

Cavitation in brittle metallic glasses – Effects of stress state and distributed weak zones
journal, December 2014

The fracture toughness of bulk metallic glasses
journal, April 2010

Mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses
journal, November 2010

Fracture Toughness of Metallic Glasses: Annealing-Induced Embrittlement
journal, November 2012

Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses
journal, April 1975

Mechanical Properties of Metallic Glasses
journal, January 2013

Long range stress fields and cavitation along a shear band in a metallic glass: The local origin of fracture
journal, October 2015

Toughness of Bulk Metallic Glasses
journal, July 2015

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of driven amorphous materials. I. Internal degrees of freedom and volume deformation
journal, September 2009

On the correlation between microscopic structural heterogeneity and embrittlement behavior in metallic glasses
journal, October 2015

Mixed mode (I and II) crack tip fields in bulk metallic glasses
journal, November 2009

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of driven amorphous materials. III. Shear-transformation-zone plasticity
journal, September 2009

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of driven amorphous materials. II. Effective-temperature theory
journal, September 2009

Critical fictive temperature for plasticity in metallic glasses
journal, February 2013

Age-Dependent Modes of Extensional Necking Instability in Soft Glassy Materials
journal, April 2015

Energy dissipation in fracture of bulk metallic glasses via inherent competition between local softening and quasi-cleavage
journal, January 2008

Atomistic Characterization of Stochastic Cavitation of a Binary Metallic Liquid under Negative Pressure
journal, May 2011

Shear-transformation-zone theory of plastic deformation near the glass transition
journal, February 2008

Intrinsic and extrinsic toughening of metallic glasses
journal, February 2006

Stationary crack tip fields in elastic–plastic solids: an overview of recent numerical simulations
journal, October 2009

The fracture of bulk metallic glasses
journal, October 2015

Simulations of a stretching bar using a plasticity model from the shear transformation zone theory
journal, March 2012

Mean stress effects on flow localization and failure in a bulk metallic glass
journal, August 2001

Bulk amorphous metal—An emerging engineering material
journal, March 2002

Dynamic failure in amorphous solids via a cavitation instability
journal, February 2008

Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys
journal, July 2007

Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Glasses: Microscopic Understanding of Strength and Ductility
journal, August 2008

The elastic properties, elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses
journal, April 2012

Effects of Annealing and Changes in Stress State on Fracture Toughness of Bulk Metallic Glass
journal, January 2001

Controlled Rejuvenation of Amorphous Metals with Thermal Processing
journal, May 2015

Dynamics of viscoplastic deformation in amorphous solids
journal, June 1998

Deformation of metallic glasses: Recent developments in theory, simulations, and experiments
journal, May 2016

Metallic Glasses
journal, March 1995

Mode I crack tip fields in amorphous materials with application to metallic glasses
journal, November 2007

Deformation and Failure of Amorphous, Solidlike Materials
journal, March 2011

Supercooled Liquids and Glasses
journal, January 1996

Athermal shear-transformation-zone theory of amorphous plastic deformation. I. Basic principles
journal, March 2007

Bulk Metallic Glasses
journal, February 2013

An Eulerian projection method for quasi-static elastoplasticity
journal, November 2015

Bulk Metallic Glasses with Functional Physical Properties
journal, December 2009

Athermal shear-transformation-zone theory of amorphous plastic deformation. II. Analysis of simulated amorphous silicon
journal, March 2007

Linear Response Theory for Hard and Soft Glassy Materials
journal, April 2011

Intrinsic plasticity or brittleness of metallic glasses
journal, February 2005

Metallic glasses as structural materials
journal, February 2006

Fracture in metallic glasses: mechanics and mechanisms
journal, February 2015

On factors influencing the ductile-to-brittle transition in a bulk metallic glass
journal, June 2009

Bulk metallic glasses
journal, June 2004

Brittle versus ductile fracture mechanism transition in amorphous lithiated silicon: From intrinsic nanoscale cavitation to shear banding
journal, November 2015

Atomic Scale Fluctuations Govern Brittle Fracture and Cavitation Behavior in Metallic Glasses
journal, November 2011

Fracture through cavitation in a metallic glass
journal, September 2008

A damage-tolerant glass
journal, January 2011

Two-temperature continuum thermomechanics of deforming amorphous solids
journal, December 2014

Variable-amplitude oscillatory shear response of amorphous materials
journal, June 2014

Rate-dependent shear bands in a shear-transformation-zone model of amorphous solids
journal, January 2009

Strain localization in a shear transformation zone model for amorphous solids
journal, November 2007

Effects of loading rates, notch root radius and specimen thickness on fracture toughness in bulk metallic glasses
journal, May 2007

Fracture toughness and notched toughness of bulk amorphous alloy: Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be
journal, May 1998

Effects of quenching rate on crack propagation in NiAl alloy using molecular dynamics
journal, March 2016

A microscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses
journal, April 1977

Plastic deformation in metallic glasses
journal, January 1979

Fracture of metallic glasses at notches: Effects of notch-root radius and the ratio of the elastic shear modulus to the bulk modulus on toughness
journal, December 2009

Atomic-level structure and structure–property relationship in metallic glasses
journal, May 2011

Dynamics of shear-transformation zones in amorphous plasticity: Formulation in terms of an effective disorder temperature
journal, October 2004

Cavitation in Amorphous Solids
journal, April 2013

Crack-tip plasticity in bulk metallic glasses
journal, December 2001

Stability of an expanding circular cavity and the failure of amorphous solids
journal, August 2008

Bulk metallic glasses
journal, June 2003

Metallic glasses
journal, July 1984

Bulk metallic glasses
journal, August 2001

The Stability of an Expanding Circular Cavity and the Failure of Amorphous Solids
text, January 2007

Shear-transformation-zone theory of plastic deformation near the glass transition
text, January 2007

Rate dependent shear bands in a shear transformation zone model of amorphous solids
text, January 2008

Deformation and Failure of Amorphous Solidlike Materials
text, January 2010

Linear Response Theory for Hard and Soft Glassy Materials
text, January 2011

Two-temperature continuum thermomechanics of deforming amorphous solids
text, January 2014

Athermal Shear-Transformation-Zone Theory of Amorphous Plastic Deformation I: Basic Principles
text, January 2006

Athermal Shear-Transformation-Zone Theory of Amorphous Plastic Deformation II: Analysis of Simulated Amorphous Silicon
text, January 2006

Dynamics of Viscoplastic Deformation in Amorphous Solids
text, January 1997

Random critical point separates brittle and ductile yielding transitions in amorphous materials
journal, June 2018

Pinching a glass reveals key properties of its soft spots
journal, February 2020