DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids

Abstract

The unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have made them promising candidates for electrochemical applications. Polymerization of the corresponding ILs results in a new class of materials called polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs). Though PolyILs offer the possibility to combine the high conductivity of ILs and the high mechanical strength of polymers, their conductivities are typically much lower than that of the corresponding small molecule ILs. In this study, seven PolyILs were synthesized having degrees of polymerization ranging from 1 to 333, corresponding to molecular weights (MW) from 482 to 160 400 g/mol. Depolarized dynamic light scattering, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to systematically study the influence of MW on the mechanism of ionic transport and segmental dynamics in these materials. Finally, the modified Walden plot analysis reveals that the ion conductivity transforms from being closely coupled with structural relaxation to being strongly decoupled from it as MW increases.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4]
  1. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States) ; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States) ; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). High Temperature Materials Lab. (HTML)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1271895
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Macromolecules
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 49; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0024-9297
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Fan, Fei, Wang, Weiyu, Holt, Adam P., Feng, Hongbo, Uhrig, David, Lu, Xinyi, Hong, Tao, Wang, Yangyang, Kang, Nam-Goo, Mays, Jimmy, and Sokolov, Alexei P. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714.
Fan, Fei, Wang, Weiyu, Holt, Adam P., Feng, Hongbo, Uhrig, David, Lu, Xinyi, Hong, Tao, Wang, Yangyang, Kang, Nam-Goo, Mays, Jimmy, & Sokolov, Alexei P. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714
Fan, Fei, Wang, Weiyu, Holt, Adam P., Feng, Hongbo, Uhrig, David, Lu, Xinyi, Hong, Tao, Wang, Yangyang, Kang, Nam-Goo, Mays, Jimmy, and Sokolov, Alexei P. Tue . "Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1271895.
@article{osti_1271895,
title = {Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids},
author = {Fan, Fei and Wang, Weiyu and Holt, Adam P. and Feng, Hongbo and Uhrig, David and Lu, Xinyi and Hong, Tao and Wang, Yangyang and Kang, Nam-Goo and Mays, Jimmy and Sokolov, Alexei P.},
abstractNote = {The unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have made them promising candidates for electrochemical applications. Polymerization of the corresponding ILs results in a new class of materials called polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs). Though PolyILs offer the possibility to combine the high conductivity of ILs and the high mechanical strength of polymers, their conductivities are typically much lower than that of the corresponding small molecule ILs. In this study, seven PolyILs were synthesized having degrees of polymerization ranging from 1 to 333, corresponding to molecular weights (MW) from 482 to 160 400 g/mol. Depolarized dynamic light scattering, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to systematically study the influence of MW on the mechanism of ionic transport and segmental dynamics in these materials. Finally, the modified Walden plot analysis reveals that the ion conductivity transforms from being closely coupled with structural relaxation to being strongly decoupled from it as MW increases.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714},
journal = {Macromolecules},
number = 12,
volume = 49,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jun 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Jun 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 108 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Effect of cation structure on the electrochemical and thermal properties of ion conductive polymers obtained from polymerizable ionic liquids
journal, March 2006


Viscoelastic Behavior of the Polymerized Ionic Liquid Poly(1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide))
journal, October 2011

  • Nakamura, Kenji; Saiwaki, Tatsuya; Fukao, Koji
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma201611q

On the concept of ionicity in ionic liquids
journal, January 2009

  • MacFarlane, Douglas R.; Forsyth, Maria; Izgorodina, Ekaterina I.
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1039/b900201d

Protic Ionic Liquids:  Preparation, Characterization, and Proton Free Energy Level Representation
journal, May 2007

  • Belieres, Jean-Philippe; Angell, C. Austen
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 111, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp067589u

Solvent-Free Electrolytes with Aqueous Solution-Like Conductivities
journal, October 2003


Development of new class of ion conductive polymers based on ionic liquids
journal, November 2004


The Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Melts
journal, November 2005

  • Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.; Douglas, Jack F.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0523266

Entropy theory of polymer glass formation revisited. I. General formulation
journal, February 2006

  • Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.; Douglas, Jack F.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2166391

The glass temperature and related properties of polystyrene. Influence of molecular weight
journal, September 1954


Polymer Electrolytes: The Key to Lithium Polymer Batteries
journal, March 2000


Recent Advances in Innovative Polymer Electrolytes based on Poly(ionic liquid)s
journal, September 2015


Transport Properties of the Solid Polymer Electrolyte System P(EO) n LiTFSI
journal, April 2000

  • Edman, Ludvig; Doeff, Marca M.; Ferry, Anders
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 104, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp993897z

Ionic Liquids:  Ion Mobilities, Glass Temperatures, and Fragilities
journal, June 2003

  • Xu, Wu; Cooper, Emanuel I.; Angell, C. Austen
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0275894

Living Free-Radical Polymerization by Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer:  The RAFT Process
journal, August 1998

  • Chiefari, John; Chong, Y. K. (Bill); Ercole, Frances
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 31, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma9804951

Second‐Order Transition Temperatures and Related Properties of Polystyrene. I. Influence of Molecular Weight
journal, June 1950

  • Fox, Thomas G.; Flory, Paul J.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1699711

Highly ion conductive flexible films composed of network polymers based on polymerizable ionic liquids
journal, March 2004


Molecular Volume Effects on the Dynamics of Polymerized Ionic Liquids and their Monomers
journal, September 2015


Parallel Developments in Aprotic and Protic Ionic Liquids: Physical Chemistry and Applications
journal, November 2007

  • Angell, C. Austen; Byrne, Nolene; Belieres, Jean-Philippe
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 40, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar7001842

Correlation between ionic and molecular dynamics in the liquid state of polyethylene oxide/lithium perchlorate complexes
journal, December 2011


Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Polymerized Ionic Liquid
journal, July 2010

  • Nakamura, Kenji; Saiwaki, Tatsuya; Fukao, Koji
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma100918e

Synthesis of molten salt-type polymer brush and effect of brush structure on the ionic conductivity
journal, March 2001


Examination of the fundamental relation between ionic transport and segmental relaxation in polymer electrolytes
journal, August 2014


Dielectric and Viscoelastic Responses of Imidazolium-Based Ionomers with Different Counterions and Side Chain Lengths
journal, January 2014

  • Choi, U. Hyeok; Ye, Yuesheng; Salas de la Cruz, David
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma402263y

Alkyl-Substituted N-Vinylimidazolium Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Thermal Properties and Ionic Conductivities
journal, October 2011

  • Green, Matthew D.; Salas-de la Cruz, David; Ye, Yuesheng
  • Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 212, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100389

Poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s: a new class of functional polymer electrolytes
journal, January 2016

  • Obadia, Mona M.; Drockenmuller, Eric
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09861K

Variation of Polymer Glass Temperatures with Molecular Weight
journal, January 1974


Role of Chemical Structure in Fragility of Polymers: A Qualitative Picture
journal, October 2008

  • Kunal, Kumar; Robertson, Christopher G.; Pawlus, Sebastian
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 19, p. 7232-7238
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma801155c

Ionic Liquids: Past, present and future
journal, January 2012

  • Austen Angell, C.; Ansari, Younes; Zhao, Zuofeng
  • Faraday Discuss., Vol. 154
  • DOI: 10.1039/C1FD00112D

Probe Ion Diffusivity Measurements in Salt-in-Polymer Electrolytes:  Stokes Radii and the Transport Number Problem
journal, January 1996

  • McLin, M. G.; Angell, C. A.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 100, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp951966d

Correlation between dynamic fragility and glass transition temperature for different classes of glass forming liquids
journal, August 2006


Effect of Polar Interactions on Polymer Dynamics
journal, October 2012

  • Agapov, Alexander L.; Wang, Yangyang; Kunal, Kumar
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma301489c

Ionicity in ionic liquids: correlation with ionic structure and physicochemical properties
journal, January 2010

  • Ueno, Kazuhide; Tokuda, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Masayoshi
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/b921462n

Decoupling Ionic Conductivity from Structural Relaxation: A Way to Solid Polymer Electrolytes?
journal, June 2011

  • Agapov, A. L.; Sokolov, A. P.
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma2001096

Effect of Pressure on Decoupling of Ionic Conductivity from Segmental Dynamics in Polymerized Ionic Liquids
journal, November 2015


Developments in Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
journal, August 2002


Analysis of complex dielectric spectra. I. One-dimensional derivative techniques and three-dimensional modelling
journal, July 2002


Influence of the anion on the electrical conductivity and glass formation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids
journal, July 2010

  • Leys, Jan; Rajesh, Ravindran Nair; Menon, Preethy Chirukandath
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 133, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3455892

Bromide and Hydroxide Conductivity–Morphology Relationships in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers
journal, July 2015


Dielectric Relaxation and Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Various Counteranions
journal, April 2012

  • Nakamura, Kenji; Fukao, Koji; Inoue, Tadashi
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma300040b

Application of the entropy theory of glass formation to poly(α-olefins)
journal, September 2009

  • Stukalin, Evgeny B.; Douglas, Jack F.; Freed, Karl F.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3216109

CHEMISTRY: Ionic Liquids--Solvents of the Future?
journal, October 2003


Ion transport in solvent-free polymers
journal, January 1988

  • Ratner, Mark A.; Shriver, Duward F.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 88, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr00083a006

Synthesis and homopolymerization studies of vinylimidazolium salts
journal, December 1973


Galvanostatic bottom-up filling of TSV-like trenches: Choline-based leveler containing two quaternary ammoniums
journal, May 2015


Relaxation in liquids, polymers and plastic crystals — strong/fragile patterns and problems
journal, June 1991


15th anniversary of polymerised ionic liquids
journal, August 2014


Ionic Conduction and Dielectric Response of Poly(imidazolium acrylate) Ionomers
journal, April 2012

  • Choi, U. Hyeok; Lee, Minjae; Wang, Sharon
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma202784e

Phosphonium-based poly(Ionic liquid) membranes: The effect of cation alkyl chain length on light gas separation properties and Ionic conductivity
journal, January 2016


Room-Temperature Molten Salt Polymers as a Matrix for Fast Ion Conduction
journal, August 1998


Ion Conduction in Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Different Pendant Groups
journal, June 2015


Detailed comparison of the Williams–Watts and Cole–Davidson functions
journal, October 1980

  • Lindsey, C. P.; Patterson, G. D.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 73, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.440530

Optimizing the electrochemical performance of imidazolium-based polymeric ionic liquids by varying tethering groups
journal, March 2015

  • Jia, Zhe; Yuan, Wen; Sheng, Chunjuan
  • Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 53, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/pola.27567

Lithium Salt Solutions in Mixed Sulfone and Sulfone-Carbonate Solvents: A Walden Plot Analysis of the Maximally Conductive Compositions
journal, November 2012

  • Lee, Seung-Yul; Ueno, Kazuhide; Angell, C. Austen
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp3067519

Comments on the electric modulus function
journal, January 2005


Complexes of alkali metal ions with poly(ethylene oxide)
journal, November 1973


Ionic Transport, Microphase Separation, and Polymer Relaxation in Poly(propylene glycol) and Lithium Perchlorate Mixtures
journal, November 2013

  • Fan, Fei; Wang, Yangyang; Sokolov, Alexei P.
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma401238k

Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Various Charge Densities
journal, January 2013

  • Nakamura, Kenji; Fukao, Koji; Inoue, Tadashi
  • Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi, Vol. 41, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1678/rheology.41.21

Why many polymers are so fragile
journal, April 2007


Relationship between Ionic Mobility and Segmental Mobility in Polymers in the Liquid State
journal, September 1972


Temperature Dependence of Segmental and Terminal Relaxation in Atactic Polypropylene Melts
journal, August 2001

  • Roland, C. M.; Ngai, K. L.; Santangelo, P. G.
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 34, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma002121p

Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Devices and Processes: Managing Interfacial Electrochemistry
journal, November 2007

  • MacFarlane, Douglas R.; Forsyth, Maria; Howlett, Patrick C.
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 40, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar7000952

When Does a Molecule Become a Polymer?
journal, January 2004

  • Ding, Yifu; Kisliuk, A.; Sokolov, A. P.
  • Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/ma035618i

Preparation of thermally stable polymer electrolytes from imidazolium-type ionic liquid derivatives
journal, November 2005


Anhydrous Proton Transport in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers: Roles of Block Length, Ionic Content, and Confinement
journal, December 2015


Design of superionic polymers—New insights from Walden plot analysis
journal, September 2014


Molten salt type polymer electrolytes
journal, March 2001


Molecular mobility and Li+ conduction in polyester copolymer ionomers based on poly(ethylene oxide)
journal, February 2009

  • Fragiadakis, Daniel; Dou, Shichen; Colby, Ralph H.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3063659

Self-Diffusion of Supercooled o -Terphenyl near the Glass Transition Temperature
journal, January 2006

  • Mapes, Marie K.; Swallen, Stephen F.; Ediger, M. D.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0555955

Superionic solid: composite electrolyte phase – an overview
journal, March 1999

  • Agrawal, R. C.; Gupta, R. K.
  • Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 34, Issue 6, p. 1131-1162
  • DOI: 10.1023/A:1004598902146

Dielectric relaxation behavior of polymerized ionic liquids with various charge densities
journal, June 2013


Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymer Liquids
journal, November 2005

  • Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.; Douglas, Jack F.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp053693k

Structural Relaxation in Vitreous Materials
journal, October 1976


Charge Transport and Glassy Dynamics in Ionic Liquids
journal, November 2011

  • Sangoro, Joshua R.; Kremer, Friedrich
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 45, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar2001809

Decoupling charge transport from the structural dynamics in room temperature ionic liquids
journal, September 2011

  • Griffin, Philip; Agapov, Alexander L.; Kisliuk, Alexander
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 135, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3638269

Polymeric ionic liquids: Broadening the properties and applications of polyelectrolytes
journal, December 2011


Segmental Dynamics and Ionic Conduction in Poly(vinyl methyl ether)−Lithium Perchlorate Complexes
journal, May 2004

  • Zhang, Shihai; Runt, James
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0499777

Anomalous Electrical Conductivity Behavior at Elevated Pressure in the Protic Ionic Liquid Procainamide Hydrochloride
journal, January 2012


Self-Catalyzed Degradation of Linear Cationic Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) in Water
journal, May 2011

  • Truong, Nghia P.; Jia, Zhongfan; Burges, Melinda
  • Biomacromolecules, Vol. 12, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/bm200219e

Design of Ion Conductive Polymers Based on Ionic Liquids
journal, April 2007


Ionic liquids as electrolytes
journal, August 2006


Electrical conductivity and translational diffusion in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid
journal, June 2008

  • Sangoro, J.; Iacob, C.; Serghei, A.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 128, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2921796

Protic Ionic Liquids Based on Decahydroisoquinoline: Lost Superfragility and Ionicity-Fragility Correlation
journal, December 2011

  • Ueno, Kazuhide; Zhao, Zuofeng; Watanabe, Masayoshi
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 116, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp2078727

Formation of Glasses from Liquids and Biopolymers
journal, March 1995


Decoupling of Ionic Transport from Segmental Relaxation in Polymer Electrolytes
journal, February 2012


Über organische Lösungs- und Ionisierungsmittel: III. Teil: Innere Reibung und deren Zusammenhang mit dem Leitvermögen
journal, March 1906


Works referencing / citing this record:

An Ultra‐Mechanosensitive Visco‐Poroelastic Polymer Ion Pump for Continuous Self‐Powering Kinematic Triboelectric Nanogenerators
journal, March 2019

  • Hwang, Hee Jae; Kim, Joo Sung; Kim, Wook
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803786

Synthesis of ionic polymers by free radical polymerization using aprotic trimethylsilylmethyl‐substituted monomers
journal, April 2020

  • Kaestner, Pia; Strehmel, Veronika
  • Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 58, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190310

Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications
journal, October 2017


Decoupling segmental relaxation and ionic conductivity for lithium-ion polymer electrolytes
journal, January 2019

  • Bresser, Dominic; Lyonnard, Sandrine; Iojoiu, Cristina
  • Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9me00038k

Investigating the effect of mono‐ and multivalent counterions on the conformation of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) by nanopores
journal, March 2019


Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids
journal, July 2019

  • Wieland, F.; Bocharova, V.; Münzner, P.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228

Ion transport in polymeric ionic liquids: recent developments and open questions
journal, January 2019

  • Ganesan, Venkat
  • Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8me00114f

Polymerized ionic liquids: Effects of counter-anions on ion conduction and polymerization kinetics
journal, April 2018

  • Chen, Mingtao; Dugger, Jason W.; Li, Xiuli
  • Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/pola.29015

How does the type of counterion influence the polymerization rate and thermal properties of tailored choline-based linear- and star-shaped poly(ionic liquid)s PILs?
journal, October 2018

  • Maksym, Paulina; Tarnacka, Magdalena; Wolnica, Kamila
  • Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1002/pola.29252

Local and global dynamics of the viscous ion conductors 2Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -3KNO 3 and 2Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -3RbNO 3 probed by 87 Rb nuclear magnetic resonance and shear rheology
journal, May 2019

  • Beerwerth, Joachim; Bierwirth, S. Peter; Adam, Jens
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 150, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5093973

Decoupling segmental relaxation and ionic conductivity for lithium-ion polymer electrolytes
text, January 2019


Ionoelastomer junctions between polymer networks of fixed anions and cations
journal, February 2020


Ion specific, odd–even glass transition temperatures and conductivities in precise network polymerized ionic liquids
journal, January 2019

  • Shen, Chengtian; Zhao, Qiujie; Evans, Christopher M.
  • Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8me00087e