A soft X-ray beam-splitting multilayer optic for the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter
Abstract
A soft X-ray, beam-splitting, multilayer optic has been developed for the Bragg Reflection Polarimeter (BRP) on the NASA Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer Mission (GEMS). The optic is designed to reflect 0.5 keV X-rays through a 90° angle to the BRP detector, and transmit 2–10 keV X-rays to the primary polarimeter. The transmission requirement prevents the use of a thick substrate, so a 2 μm thick polyimide membrane was used. Atomic force microscopy has shown the membrane to possess high spatial frequency roughness less than 0.2 nm rms, permitting adequate X-ray reflectance. A multilayer thin film was especially developed and deposited via magnetron sputtering with reflectance and transmission properties that satisfy the BRP requirements and with near-zero stress. Furthermore, reflectance and transmission measurements of BRP prototype elements closely match theoretical predictions, both before and after rigorous environmental testing.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1266681
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-643684
Journal ID: ISSN 0922-6435
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Experimental Astronomy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 36; Journal Issue: 1-2; Journal ID: ISSN 0922-6435
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; multilayers; X-ray polarimetry; beamsplitters; thin films
Citation Formats
Allured, Ryan, Kaaret, Philip, Fernandez-Perea, Monica, Soufli, Regina, Alameda, Jennifer B., Pivovaroff, Michael J., and Gullikson, Eric M. A soft X-ray beam-splitting multilayer optic for the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web. doi:10.1007/s10686-013-9337-2.
Allured, Ryan, Kaaret, Philip, Fernandez-Perea, Monica, Soufli, Regina, Alameda, Jennifer B., Pivovaroff, Michael J., & Gullikson, Eric M. A soft X-ray beam-splitting multilayer optic for the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-013-9337-2
Allured, Ryan, Kaaret, Philip, Fernandez-Perea, Monica, Soufli, Regina, Alameda, Jennifer B., Pivovaroff, Michael J., and Gullikson, Eric M. Fri .
"A soft X-ray beam-splitting multilayer optic for the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-013-9337-2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1266681.
@article{osti_1266681,
title = {A soft X-ray beam-splitting multilayer optic for the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter},
author = {Allured, Ryan and Kaaret, Philip and Fernandez-Perea, Monica and Soufli, Regina and Alameda, Jennifer B. and Pivovaroff, Michael J. and Gullikson, Eric M.},
abstractNote = {A soft X-ray, beam-splitting, multilayer optic has been developed for the Bragg Reflection Polarimeter (BRP) on the NASA Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer Mission (GEMS). The optic is designed to reflect 0.5 keV X-rays through a 90° angle to the BRP detector, and transmit 2–10 keV X-rays to the primary polarimeter. The transmission requirement prevents the use of a thick substrate, so a 2 μm thick polyimide membrane was used. Atomic force microscopy has shown the membrane to possess high spatial frequency roughness less than 0.2 nm rms, permitting adequate X-ray reflectance. A multilayer thin film was especially developed and deposited via magnetron sputtering with reflectance and transmission properties that satisfy the BRP requirements and with near-zero stress. Furthermore, reflectance and transmission measurements of BRP prototype elements closely match theoretical predictions, both before and after rigorous environmental testing.},
doi = {10.1007/s10686-013-9337-2},
journal = {Experimental Astronomy},
number = 1-2,
volume = 36,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Apr 12 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Fri Apr 12 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}
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