Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage

Rosewater, David; Williams, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.068

Title: Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage

Abstract

As grid energy storage systems become more complex, it grows more di cult to design them for safe operation. This paper first reviews the properties of lithium-ion batteries that can produce hazards in grid scale systems. Then the conventional safety engineering technique Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is reviewed to identify its limitations in complex systems. To address this gap, new research is presented on the application of Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to a lithium-ion battery based grid energy storage system. STPA is anticipated to ll the gaps recognized in PRA for designing complex systems and hence be more e ective or less costly to use during safety engineering. It was observed that STPA is able to capture causal scenarios for accidents not identified using PRA. Additionally, STPA enabled a more rational assessment of uncertainty (all that is not known) thereby promoting a healthy skepticism of design assumptions. Lastly, we conclude that STPA may indeed be more cost effective than PRA for safety engineering in lithium-ion battery systems. However, further research is needed to determine if this approach actually reduces safety engineering costs in development, or improves industry safety standards.

Authors:

^[1]; Williams, Adam ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1257985

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1253213

Report Number(s):: SAND-2015-5224J
Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753; PII: S037877531530327X

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Power Sources

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 300; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE; Energy storage; Battery; Safety; Lithium-ion; STAMP; STPA

Citation Formats


                    Rosewater, David, and Williams, Adam. Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.068.

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                    Rosewater, David, & Williams, Adam. Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.068

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                    Rosewater, David, and Williams, Adam. Thu .  
"Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.068.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257985.

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@article{osti_1257985,

  title        = {Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage},

  author       = {Rosewater, David and Williams, Adam},

  abstractNote = {As grid energy storage systems become more complex, it grows more di cult to design them for safe operation. This paper first reviews the properties of lithium-ion batteries that can produce hazards in grid scale systems. Then the conventional safety engineering technique Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is reviewed to identify its limitations in complex systems. To address this gap, new research is presented on the application of Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to a lithium-ion battery based grid energy storage system. STPA is anticipated to ll the gaps recognized in PRA for designing complex systems and hence be more e ective or less costly to use during safety engineering. It was observed that STPA is able to capture causal scenarios for accidents not identified using PRA. Additionally, STPA enabled a more rational assessment of uncertainty (all that is not known) thereby promoting a healthy skepticism of design assumptions. Lastly, we conclude that STPA may indeed be more cost effective than PRA for safety engineering in lithium-ion battery systems. However, further research is needed to determine if this approach actually reduces safety engineering costs in development, or improves industry safety standards.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.068},

  journal      = {Journal of Power Sources},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 300,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Thu Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry
journal, January 2012

Ribière, Perrine; Grugeon, Sylvie; Morcrette, Mathieu
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Zio, E.
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Human factors and ergonomics systems-based tools for understanding and addressing global problems of the twenty-first century
journal, August 2019

Thatcher, Andrew; Nayak, Rounaq; Waterson, Patrick
Ergonomics, Vol. 63, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1646925

Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview
text, January 2018

Lelie, Markus; Braun, Thomas; Knips, Marcus
RWTH Aachen University
DOI: 10.18154/rwth-2017-08674

System Theoretic Process Analysis: A Literature Survey on the Approaches Used for Improving the Safety in Complex Systems
book, January 2019

e. Silva, Saulo Rodrigues
Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14850-8_7

Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview
journal, March 2018

Lelie, Markus; Braun, Thomas; Knips, Marcus
Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 4
DOI: 10.3390/app8040534

Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview
text, January 2018

Lelie, Markus; Braun, Thomas; Knips, Marcus
RWTH Aachen University
DOI: 10.18154/rwth-2020-07665

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Title: Analyzing system safety in lithium-ion grid energy storage

Abstract

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