Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke
Abstract
Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a new term for the toxins in cigarette smoke that linger in the environment long after the cigarettes are extinguished. The effects of THS exposure on male reproduction have not yet been studied. In this study, metabolic changes in male germ cell lines (GC-2 and TM-4) were analyzed after THS treatment for 24 h. THS-loaded chromatography paper samples were generated in a laboratory chamber system and extracted in DMEM. At a paper: DMEM ratio of 50 μg/ml, cell viability in both cell lines was normal, as measured by the MTT assay and markers of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis and ROS production were normal as measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. Metabolomic analysis was performed on methanol extracts of GC-2 and TM-4 cells. Glutathione metabolism in GC-2 cells, and nucleic acid and ammonia metabolism in TM-4 cells, was changed significantly by THS treatment. RT-PCR analyses of mRNA for enzyme genes Gss and Ggt in GC-2 cells, and TK, SMS and Glna in TM-4 cells reinforced these findings, showing changes in the levels of enzymes involved in the relevant pathways. In conclusion, exposure to THS at very low concentrations caused distinct metabolic changes in two different types of male reproductivemore »
- Authors:
-
- Nanjing Medical Univ., Nanjing (China)
- Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Life Sciences Division
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1256060
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1378601
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Xu, Bo, Chen, Minjian, Yao, Mengmeng, Ji, Xiaoli, Mao, Zhilei, Tang, Wei, Qiao, Shanlei, Schick, Suzaynn F., Mao, Jian-Hua, Hang, Bo, and Xia, Yankai. Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1038/srep15512.
Xu, Bo, Chen, Minjian, Yao, Mengmeng, Ji, Xiaoli, Mao, Zhilei, Tang, Wei, Qiao, Shanlei, Schick, Suzaynn F., Mao, Jian-Hua, Hang, Bo, & Xia, Yankai. Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15512
Xu, Bo, Chen, Minjian, Yao, Mengmeng, Ji, Xiaoli, Mao, Zhilei, Tang, Wei, Qiao, Shanlei, Schick, Suzaynn F., Mao, Jian-Hua, Hang, Bo, and Xia, Yankai. Thu .
"Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15512. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256060.
@article{osti_1256060,
title = {Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke},
author = {Xu, Bo and Chen, Minjian and Yao, Mengmeng and Ji, Xiaoli and Mao, Zhilei and Tang, Wei and Qiao, Shanlei and Schick, Suzaynn F. and Mao, Jian-Hua and Hang, Bo and Xia, Yankai},
abstractNote = {Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a new term for the toxins in cigarette smoke that linger in the environment long after the cigarettes are extinguished. The effects of THS exposure on male reproduction have not yet been studied. In this study, metabolic changes in male germ cell lines (GC-2 and TM-4) were analyzed after THS treatment for 24 h. THS-loaded chromatography paper samples were generated in a laboratory chamber system and extracted in DMEM. At a paper: DMEM ratio of 50 μg/ml, cell viability in both cell lines was normal, as measured by the MTT assay and markers of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis and ROS production were normal as measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. Metabolomic analysis was performed on methanol extracts of GC-2 and TM-4 cells. Glutathione metabolism in GC-2 cells, and nucleic acid and ammonia metabolism in TM-4 cells, was changed significantly by THS treatment. RT-PCR analyses of mRNA for enzyme genes Gss and Ggt in GC-2 cells, and TK, SMS and Glna in TM-4 cells reinforced these findings, showing changes in the levels of enzymes involved in the relevant pathways. In conclusion, exposure to THS at very low concentrations caused distinct metabolic changes in two different types of male reproductive cell lines.},
doi = {10.1038/srep15512},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = ,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 22 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Oct 22 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
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