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Title: Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation

Abstract

We can improve mitigation of hazardous and radioactive waste through conversion of existing waste to a more chemically stable and physically robust waste form. One option for waste conversion is the fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) process. The resulting FBSR granular material was encapsulated in a geopolymer matrix referred to here as Geo-7. This provides mechanical strength for ease in transport and disposal. But, it is necessary to understand the phase assemblage evolution as a result of geopolymer encapsulation. In this study, we examine the mineral assemblages formed during the synthesis of the multiphase ceramic waste form. The FBSR granular samples were created from waste simulant that was chemically adjusted to resemble Hanford tank waste. Another set of samples was created using Savannah River Site Tank 50 waste simulant in order to mimic a blend of waste collected from 68 Hanford tank. Waste form performance tests were conducted using the product consistency test (PCT), the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test. Finally, X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the structure of a previously unreported NAS phase and indicate that monolith creation may lead to a reduction in crystallinity as compared to the primary FBSR granular product.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM)
OSTI Identifier:
1327593
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1252057
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Nuclear Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 473; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; Low-Activity Waste; Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer; Feldspathoid minerals; Waste form leach test

Citation Formats

Williams, Benjamin D., Neeway, James J., Snyder, Michelle M. V., Bowden, Mark E., Amonette, James E., Arey, Bruce W., Pierce, Eric M., Brown, Christopher F., and Qafoku, Nikolla P. Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.023.
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Williams, Benjamin D., Neeway, James J., Snyder, Michelle M. V., Bowden, Mark E., Amonette, James E., Arey, Bruce W., Pierce, Eric M., Brown, Christopher F., & Qafoku, Nikolla P. Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.023
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Williams, Benjamin D., Neeway, James J., Snyder, Michelle M. V., Bowden, Mark E., Amonette, James E., Arey, Bruce W., Pierce, Eric M., Brown, Christopher F., and Qafoku, Nikolla P. Wed . "Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.023. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327593.
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@article{osti_1327593,
title = {Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation},
author = {Williams, Benjamin D. and Neeway, James J. and Snyder, Michelle M. V. and Bowden, Mark E. and Amonette, James E. and Arey, Bruce W. and Pierce, Eric M. and Brown, Christopher F. and Qafoku, Nikolla P.},
abstractNote = {We can improve mitigation of hazardous and radioactive waste through conversion of existing waste to a more chemically stable and physically robust waste form. One option for waste conversion is the fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) process. The resulting FBSR granular material was encapsulated in a geopolymer matrix referred to here as Geo-7. This provides mechanical strength for ease in transport and disposal. But, it is necessary to understand the phase assemblage evolution as a result of geopolymer encapsulation. In this study, we examine the mineral assemblages formed during the synthesis of the multiphase ceramic waste form. The FBSR granular samples were created from waste simulant that was chemically adjusted to resemble Hanford tank waste. Another set of samples was created using Savannah River Site Tank 50 waste simulant in order to mimic a blend of waste collected from 68 Hanford tank. Waste form performance tests were conducted using the product consistency test (PCT), the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test. Finally, X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the structure of a previously unreported NAS phase and indicate that monolith creation may lead to a reduction in crystallinity as compared to the primary FBSR granular product.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.023},
journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
number = C,
volume = 473,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Wed Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.023
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    Structural characterizations of fly ash-based geopolymer after adsorption of various metal ions
    journal, August 2019

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