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Title: Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photoproduction in nucleus–nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7 th Framework Programme.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1251789
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1242011; OSTI ID: 1542128
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-673415
Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044; 107; PII: 3819
Grant/Contract Number:  
CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0034; Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-05ER41367; AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields Journal Volume: 76 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044
Publisher:
Springer Science + Business Media
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; heavy flavour; charm; beauty; quarkonium; hadron collision; heavy-ion collision; ultra peripheral collision quark-gluon plasma; LHC; RHIC

Citation Formats

Andronic, A., Arleo, F., Arnaldi, R., Beraudo, A., Bruna, E., Caffarri, D., del Valle, Z. Conesa, Contreras, J. G., Dahms, T., Dainese, A., Djordjevic, M., Ferreiro, E. G., Fujii, H., Gossiaux, P. -B., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Hadjidakis, C., He, M., van Hees, H., Horowitz, W. A., Kolevatov, R., Kopeliovich, B. Z., Lansberg, J. -P., Lombardo, M. P., Lourenço, C., Martinez-Garcia, G., Massacrier, L., Mironov, C., Mischke, A., Nahrgang, M., Nguyen, M., Nystrand, J., Peigné, S., Porteboeuf-Houssais, S., Potashnikova, I. K., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Rapp, R., Robbe, P., Rosati, M., Rosnet, P., Satz, H., Schicker, R., Schienbein, I., Schmidt, I., Scomparin, E., Sharma, R., Stachel, J., Stocco, D., Strickland, M., Tieulent, R., Trzeciak, B. A., Uphoff, J., Vitev, I., Vogt, R., Watanabe, K., Woehri, H., and Zhuang, P. Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions. Germany: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3819-5.
Andronic, A., Arleo, F., Arnaldi, R., Beraudo, A., Bruna, E., Caffarri, D., del Valle, Z. Conesa, Contreras, J. G., Dahms, T., Dainese, A., Djordjevic, M., Ferreiro, E. G., Fujii, H., Gossiaux, P. -B., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Hadjidakis, C., He, M., van Hees, H., Horowitz, W. A., Kolevatov, R., Kopeliovich, B. Z., Lansberg, J. -P., Lombardo, M. P., Lourenço, C., Martinez-Garcia, G., Massacrier, L., Mironov, C., Mischke, A., Nahrgang, M., Nguyen, M., Nystrand, J., Peigné, S., Porteboeuf-Houssais, S., Potashnikova, I. K., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Rapp, R., Robbe, P., Rosati, M., Rosnet, P., Satz, H., Schicker, R., Schienbein, I., Schmidt, I., Scomparin, E., Sharma, R., Stachel, J., Stocco, D., Strickland, M., Tieulent, R., Trzeciak, B. A., Uphoff, J., Vitev, I., Vogt, R., Watanabe, K., Woehri, H., & Zhuang, P. Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3819-5
Andronic, A., Arleo, F., Arnaldi, R., Beraudo, A., Bruna, E., Caffarri, D., del Valle, Z. Conesa, Contreras, J. G., Dahms, T., Dainese, A., Djordjevic, M., Ferreiro, E. G., Fujii, H., Gossiaux, P. -B., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Hadjidakis, C., He, M., van Hees, H., Horowitz, W. A., Kolevatov, R., Kopeliovich, B. Z., Lansberg, J. -P., Lombardo, M. P., Lourenço, C., Martinez-Garcia, G., Massacrier, L., Mironov, C., Mischke, A., Nahrgang, M., Nguyen, M., Nystrand, J., Peigné, S., Porteboeuf-Houssais, S., Potashnikova, I. K., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Rapp, R., Robbe, P., Rosati, M., Rosnet, P., Satz, H., Schicker, R., Schienbein, I., Schmidt, I., Scomparin, E., Sharma, R., Stachel, J., Stocco, D., Strickland, M., Tieulent, R., Trzeciak, B. A., Uphoff, J., Vitev, I., Vogt, R., Watanabe, K., Woehri, H., and Zhuang, P. Mon . "Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3819-5.
@article{osti_1251789,
title = {Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions},
author = {Andronic, A. and Arleo, F. and Arnaldi, R. and Beraudo, A. and Bruna, E. and Caffarri, D. and del Valle, Z. Conesa and Contreras, J. G. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Djordjevic, M. and Ferreiro, E. G. and Fujii, H. and Gossiaux, P. -B. and de Cassagnac, R. Granier and Hadjidakis, C. and He, M. and van Hees, H. and Horowitz, W. A. and Kolevatov, R. and Kopeliovich, B. Z. and Lansberg, J. -P. and Lombardo, M. P. and Lourenço, C. and Martinez-Garcia, G. and Massacrier, L. and Mironov, C. and Mischke, A. and Nahrgang, M. and Nguyen, M. and Nystrand, J. and Peigné, S. and Porteboeuf-Houssais, S. and Potashnikova, I. K. and Rakotozafindrabe, A. and Rapp, R. and Robbe, P. and Rosati, M. and Rosnet, P. and Satz, H. and Schicker, R. and Schienbein, I. and Schmidt, I. and Scomparin, E. and Sharma, R. and Stachel, J. and Stocco, D. and Strickland, M. and Tieulent, R. and Trzeciak, B. A. and Uphoff, J. and Vitev, I. and Vogt, R. and Watanabe, K. and Woehri, H. and Zhuang, P.},
abstractNote = {This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photoproduction in nucleus–nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7 th Framework Programme.},
doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3819-5},
journal = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},
number = 3,
volume = 76,
place = {Germany},
year = {Mon Feb 29 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Mon Feb 29 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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Theoretical predictions for charm and bottom production at the LHC
journal, October 2012

  • Cacciari, Matteo; Frixione, Stefano; Houdeau, Nicolas
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP10(2012)137

Transverse momentum dependent factorization for quarkonium production at low transverse momentum
journal, July 2013


Anisotropic transverse flow and the quark-hadron phase transition
journal, October 2000


σ ( χ c 1 ) / σ ( χ c 2 ) ratio in the k t -factorization approach
journal, February 2011


Lattice calculation of gluon screening masses
journal, January 2004


Quarkonium Physics at a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC Beams
journal, May 2012


Nuclear dependence of the production of Υ resonances at 800 GeV
journal, May 1991


The Color Glass Condensate
journal, November 2010


Heavy-flavour spectra in high-energy nucleus–nucleus collisions
journal, June 2011


DiffractiveJ/Ψ electroproduction in LLA QCD
journal, March 1993

  • Ryskin, M. G.
  • Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 57, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF01555742

Heavy-quark production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions within a partonic transport model
journal, October 2010


Hadronic production of J/ψ associated with a gluon
journal, January 1980


Open heavy flavour production: conceptual framework and implementation issues
journal, April 2002

  • Tung, Wu-Ki; Kretzer, Stefan; Schmidt, Carl
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 28, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/28/5/321

Medium-induced gluon radiation off massive quarks fills the dead cone
journal, June 2004


Possibility for J / ψ suppression in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at s N N = 7 TeV
journal, February 2013


Production of charm quark/antiquark pairs at LHC
conference, October 2012

  • Maciula, Rafal
  • Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics — PoS(QNP2012)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.157.0125

Drag force in AdS/CFT
journal, December 2006


Numerical relativity approach to the initial value problem in asymptotically anti–de Sitter spacetime for plasma thermalization: An ADM formulation
journal, June 2012

  • Heller, Michal P.; Janik, Romuald A.; Witaszczyk, Przemysław
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.126002

Baryon spectroscopy
journal, April 2010


Nonlinear amplification of instabilities with longitudinal expansion
journal, April 2012


Heavy-quarkonium suppression in p-A collisions from parton energy loss in cold QCD matter
journal, March 2013

  • Arleo, François; Peigné, Stéphane
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2013)122

Quarkonium states in an anisotropic QCD plasma
journal, March 2009


Next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to the yields and polarisations of J/ψ and $ Y $ directly produced in association with a Z boson at the LHC
journal, March 2013

  • Gong, Bin; Lansberg, Jean-Philippe; Lorcé, Cédric
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2013)115

Hadronic production of J/ψ and γ: Transverse momentum distributions
journal, June 1981


J / ψ Polarization at the Tevatron and the LHC: Nonrelativistic-QCD Factorization at the Crossroads
journal, April 2012


Transverse Momentum Distribution as a Probe of Production Mechanism in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, March 2010


Energy loss of a heavy quark moving through Script N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
journal, July 2006


Heavy quark production in the Aivazis-Collins-Olness-Tung scheme at next-to-next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order
journal, June 2012


Cold Nuclear Matter effects in Upsilon production in dAu collisions at RHIC
conference, October 2012

  • Rakotozafindrabe, Andry; Gonzalez Ferreiro, Elena; Fleuret, Frederic
  • Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics — PoS(QNP2012)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.157.0159

Diffusion of charmed quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, May 1988


Charmonium production in fixed-target experiments with SPS and LHC beams at CERN
journal, March 2011

  • Kurepin, A. B.; Topilskaya, N. S.; Golubeva, M. B.
  • Physics of Atomic Nuclei, Vol. 74, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1134/S1063778811030124

Nonperturbative Heavy-Quark Diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
journal, May 2008


J/ψ Elliptic Flow, High Suppression and ϒ Measurements in A+A Collisions by the PHENIX Experiment.
journal, November 2009


Bottom baryons
journal, January 2008


Observation of a Dimuon Resonance at 9.5 GeV in 400-GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions
journal, August 1977


Polarization for Prompt J / ψ and ψ ( 2 s ) Production at the Tevatron and LHC
journal, January 2013


Collisional processes of on-shell and off-shell heavy quarks in vacuum and in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, May 2014


Finite-mass effects on inclusive B -meson hadroproduction
journal, January 2008


Dynamical collisional energy loss and transport properties of on- and off-shell heavy quarks in vacuum and in the quark gluon plasma
journal, December 2014


Hadronic modes and quark properties in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, December 2005


Charm-energy loss and D - D correlations from a parton shower approach
journal, May 2014


Strong crystalline fields – a possibility for extraction from the LHC
journal, May 2005

  • Uggerhøj, E.; Uggerhøj, U. I.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 234, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.007

Heavy Quarkonium Physics
report, June 2005


Heavy quark fragmentation in deep inelastic scattering
journal, January 1999


Relativistic nuclear structure. I. Nuclear matter
journal, November 1990


Charm Production Studies at CDF
journal, August 2007


Tomography of the quark-gluon plasma by charm quarks
journal, July 2015


J/ψ and muon-pair cross-sections in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon
journal, November 1991


D meson nuclear modification factors in Pb–Pb collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> with the ALICE detector
journal, May 2013


Quark coalescence based on a transport equation
journal, November 2007


A new measurement of $J/\psi$ suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
journal, February 2005


Factorized Power Expansion for High- p T Heavy Quarkonium Production
journal, October 2014


Transport rates and momentum isotropization of gluon matter in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, August 2007


Inclusive jet production, parton distributions, and the search for new physics
journal, October 2003


Charmonium production versus open charm in nuclear collisions
journal, September 1994


Quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions
journal, May 2011


J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at =2.76 TeV in the ALICE experiment
journal, September 2013


Measurement of the Bottom-Quark Production Cross Section in 800 GeV/ c Proton-Gold Collisions
journal, April 1995


Forward inclusive dijet production and azimuthal correlations in pA collisions
journal, November 2007


Medium modifications and production of charmonia at LHC
journal, June 2011


ψψ production at collider energies
journal, March 1983

  • Humpert, B.; Méry, P.
  • Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 20, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF01577721

Pair Production of J / ψ as a Probe of Double Parton Scattering at LHCb
journal, August 2011


Heavy flavors in heavy-ion collisions: quenching, flow and correlations
journal, March 2015


QCD corrections to parton-parton scattering processes
journal, November 1989


yield vs. multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at the LHC
journal, May 2011


Colour deconfinement and quarkonium binding
journal, February 2006


Photonic production ofS- andP-waveB c states and doubly heavy baryons
journal, December 1996

  • Berezhnoy, A. V.; Kiselev, V. V.; Likhoded, A. K.
  • Zeitschrift für Physik A: Hadrons and Nuclei, Vol. 356, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/s002180050152

A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1
journal, June 2008

  • Sjöstrand, Torbjörn; Mrenna, Stephen; Skands, Peter
  • Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 178, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.01.036

A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms
journal, November 2004


Momentum imbalance of D mesons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, June 2014


Heavy-quark diffusion and hadronization in quark-gluon plasma
journal, July 2012


In-Medium Quarkonia at SPS, RHIC and LHC
journal, May 2013


Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient from lattice QCD
journal, January 2012


Nuclear suppression of : From RHIC to the LHC
journal, August 2011


Thermalization of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, March 2005


Hadronic collisions: A quarkonium factory
journal, September 1983

  • Baier, R.; Rückl, R.
  • Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 19, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF01572254

Proposal for an absolute luminosity determination in colliding beam experiments using vertex detection of beam–gas interactions
journal, November 2005

  • Ferro-Luzzi, Massimiliano
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 553, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2005.07.010

Towards the experimental clarification of quarkonium polarization
journal, September 2010