Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is demonstrated using single-layer graphene membranes as photoelectron-transparent barriers that sustain pressure differences in excess of 6 orders of magnitude. The graphene serves as a support for catalyst nanoparticles under atmospheric pressure reaction conditions (up to 1.5 bar), where XPS allows the oxidation state of Cu nanoparticles and gas phase species to be simultaneously probed. We thereby observe that the Cu2+ oxidation state is stable in O2 (1 bar) but is spontaneously reduced under vacuum. We further demonstrate the detection of various gas-phase species (Ar, CO, CO2, N2, O2) in the pressure range 10-1500 mbar including species with low photoionization cross sections (He, H2). Pressure-dependent changes in the apparent binding energies of gas-phase species are observed, attributable to changes in work function of the metal-coated grids supporting the graphene. We expect atmospheric pressure XPS based on this graphene membrane approach to be a valuable tool for studying nanoparticle catalysis.
- Authors:
-
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1760, United States
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; European Union (EU)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1251440
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1619075
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; 656870
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters Journal Volume: 7 Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1948-7185
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; two dimensional materials; membranes; vacuum; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; gases
Citation Formats
Weatherup, Robert S., Eren, Baran, Hao, Yibo, Bluhm, Hendrik, and Salmeron, Miquel B. Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640.
Weatherup, Robert S., Eren, Baran, Hao, Yibo, Bluhm, Hendrik, & Salmeron, Miquel B. Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640
Weatherup, Robert S., Eren, Baran, Hao, Yibo, Bluhm, Hendrik, and Salmeron, Miquel B. Mon .
"Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640.
@article{osti_1251440,
title = {Graphene Membranes for Atmospheric Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy},
author = {Weatherup, Robert S. and Eren, Baran and Hao, Yibo and Bluhm, Hendrik and Salmeron, Miquel B.},
abstractNote = {Atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is demonstrated using single-layer graphene membranes as photoelectron-transparent barriers that sustain pressure differences in excess of 6 orders of magnitude. The graphene serves as a support for catalyst nanoparticles under atmospheric pressure reaction conditions (up to 1.5 bar), where XPS allows the oxidation state of Cu nanoparticles and gas phase species to be simultaneously probed. We thereby observe that the Cu2+ oxidation state is stable in O2 (1 bar) but is spontaneously reduced under vacuum. We further demonstrate the detection of various gas-phase species (Ar, CO, CO2, N2, O2) in the pressure range 10-1500 mbar including species with low photoionization cross sections (He, H2). Pressure-dependent changes in the apparent binding energies of gas-phase species are observed, attributable to changes in work function of the metal-coated grids supporting the graphene. We expect atmospheric pressure XPS based on this graphene membrane approach to be a valuable tool for studying nanoparticle catalysis.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
number = 9,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00640
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Cited by: 69 works
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: (A) Cross-sectional view of the atmospheric pressure XPS setup showing the gas flow through the reaction cells and the approximate arrangement of the analyzer and X-ray beam. (B) Sketch of the graphene-based membrane illustrating the operating principle of atmospheric pressure XPS. (C) SEM image of a region ofmore »
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