Title: Molecular transformations of phenolic SOA during photochemical aging in the aqueous phase: competition among oligomerization, functionalization, and fragmentation

Abstract

Organic aerosol is formed and transformed in atmospheric aqueous phases (e.g., cloud and fog droplets and deliquesced airborne particles containing small amounts of water) through a multitude of chemical reactions. Understanding these reactions is important for a predictive understanding of atmospheric aging of aerosols and their impacts on climate, air quality, and human health. In this study, we investigate the chemical evolution of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formed during reactions of phenolic compounds with two oxidants – the triplet excited state of an aromatic carbonyl (³C^*) and hydroxyl radical ( ^• OH). Changes in the molecular composition of aqSOA as a function of aging time are characterized using an offline nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (nano-DESI MS) whereas the real-time evolution of SOA mass, elemental ratios, and average carbon oxidation state (OS_C) are monitored using an online aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Our results indicate that oligomerization is an important aqueous reaction pathway for phenols, especially during the initial stage of photooxidation equivalent to ~2 h irradiation under midday winter solstice sunlight in Northern California. At later reaction times functionalization (i.e., adding polar oxygenated functional groups to the molecule) and fragmentation (i.e., breaking of covalent bonds) become more importantmore » processes, forming a large variety of functionalized aromatic and open-ring products with higher OS_C values. Fragmentation reactions eventually dominate the photochemical evolution of phenolic aqSOA, forming a large number of highly oxygenated ring-opening molecules with carbon numbers (n_C) below 6. The average n_C of phenolic aqSOA decreases while average OS_C increases over the course of photochemical aging. In addition, the saturation vapor pressures (C^*) of dozens of the most abundant phenolic aqSOA molecules are estimated. A wide range of C^* values is observed, varying from < 10^–20 µg m^–3 for functionalized phenolic oligomers to > 10 µg m^–3 for small open-ring species. Furthermore, the detection of abundant extremely low-volatile organic compounds (ELVOC) indicates that aqueous reactions of phenolic compounds are likely an important source of ELVOC in the atmosphere.« less

Authors:

Yu, Lu; Smith, Jeremy; Laskin, Alexander ;

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Laskin, Alexander"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-7836-8417"

George, Katheryn M.; Anastasio, Cort ;

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Anastasio, Cort"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-3020-7024"

Laskin, Julia; Dillner, Ann M.; Zhang, Qi

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Zhang, Qi"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-5203-8778"

Publication Date:

Wed Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1247187

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1253872

Report Number(s):

PNNL-SA-114037
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324

Grant/Contract Number:  

DEAC06-76RL0 1830; AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Volume: 16 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:

Copernicus Publications, EGU

Country of Publication:

Germany

Language:

English

Subject:

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; particulate matter; hydroxyl radical; triplet excited state; photochemical aging; molecular transformation; AMS; nano-DESI MS; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory