Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers

Becker, Alexander D.; Masoud, Hassan; Newbolt, Joel W.; Shelley, Michael; Ristroph, Leif

doi:10.1038/ncomms9514

Title: Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers

Abstract

Fish schools and bird flocks are fascinating examples of collective behaviours in which many individuals generate and interact with complex flows. Motivated by animal groups on the move, here we explore how the locomotion of many bodies emerges from their flow-mediated interactions. Through experiments and simulations of arrays of flapping wings that propel within a collective wake, we discover distinct modes characterized by the group swimming speed and the spatial phase shift between trajectories of neighbouring wings. For identical flapping motions, slow and fast modes coexist and correspond to constructive and destructive wing–wake interactions. Simulations show that swimming in a group can enhance speed and save power, and we capture the key phenomena in a mathematical model based on memory or the storage and recollection of information in the flow field. Lastly, these results also show that fluid dynamic interactions alone are sufficient to generate coherent collective locomotion, and thus might suggest new ways to characterize the role of flows in animal groups.

Authors:

Becker, Alexander D. ^[1];

^[1]; Newbolt, Joel W. ^[1]; Shelley, Michael ^[1]; Ristroph, Leif ^[1]

New York Univ., New York, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1242274

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-88ER25053

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; physical sciences; fluids and plasma physics

Citation Formats


                    Becker, Alexander D., Masoud, Hassan, Newbolt, Joel W., Shelley, Michael, and Ristroph, Leif. Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/ncomms9514.

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                    Becker, Alexander D., Masoud, Hassan, Newbolt, Joel W., Shelley, Michael, & Ristroph, Leif. Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9514

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                    Becker, Alexander D., Masoud, Hassan, Newbolt, Joel W., Shelley, Michael, and Ristroph, Leif. Tue .  
"Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9514.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1242274.

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@article{osti_1242274,

  title        = {Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers},

  author       = {Becker, Alexander D. and Masoud, Hassan and Newbolt, Joel W. and Shelley, Michael and Ristroph, Leif},

  abstractNote = {Fish schools and bird flocks are fascinating examples of collective behaviours in which many individuals generate and interact with complex flows. Motivated by animal groups on the move, here we explore how the locomotion of many bodies emerges from their flow-mediated interactions. Through experiments and simulations of arrays of flapping wings that propel within a collective wake, we discover distinct modes characterized by the group swimming speed and the spatial phase shift between trajectories of neighbouring wings. For identical flapping motions, slow and fast modes coexist and correspond to constructive and destructive wing–wake interactions. Simulations show that swimming in a group can enhance speed and save power, and we capture the key phenomena in a mathematical model based on memory or the storage and recollection of information in the flow field. Lastly, these results also show that fluid dynamic interactions alone are sufficient to generate coherent collective locomotion, and thus might suggest new ways to characterize the role of flows in animal groups.},

  doi          = {10.1038/ncomms9514},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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In this technical report we investigate efficient methods for numerical simulation of active suspensions. The prototypical system is a suspension of swimming bacteria in a Newtonian fluid. Rheological and other macroscopic properties of such suspensions can differ dramatically from the same properties of the suspending fluid alone or of suspensions of similar but inactive particles. Elongated bacteria, such as E. coli or B. subtilis, swim along their principal axis, propelling themselves with the help of flagella, attached at the anterior of the organism and pushing it forward in the manner of a propeller. They interact hydrodynamically with the surrounding fluidmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1033864

Full Text Available
Flocking ferromagnetic colloids

Journal Article Kaiser, Andreas ; Snezhko, Alexey ; Aranson, Igor S. - Science Advances

Assemblages of microscopic colloidal particles exhibit fascinating collective motion when energized by electric or magnetic fields. The behaviors range from coherent vortical motion to phase separation and dynamic self-assembly. While colloidal systems are relatively simple, understanding their collective response, especially in out of equilibrium conditions, remains elusive. Here, we report on the emergence of flocking and global rotation in the system of rolling ferromagnetic microparticles energized by a vertical alternating magnetic field. By combing experiments and discrete particle simulations, we have identified primary physical mechanisms leading to the emergence of largescale collective motion: spontaneous symmetry breaking of the clock /more »« less
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601469

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Title: Hydrodynamic schooling of flapping swimmers

Abstract

Citation Formats

Fluctuations and Instability in Sedimentation journal, January 2011

P ARTICLE -T URBULENCE I NTERACTIONS IN A TMOSPHERIC C LOUDS journal, January 2003

The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter journal, August 2010

Collective Hydrodynamics of Swimming Microorganisms: Living Fluids journal, January 2011

Hydrodynamics of soft active matter journal, July 2013

Instabilities and Pattern Formation in Active Particle Suspensions: Kinetic Theory and Continuum Simulations journal, April 2008

Collective motion and density fluctuations in bacterial colonies journal, July 2010

Collective Surfing of Chemically Active Particles journal, March 2014

Stokesian Dynamics journal, January 1988

Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation journal, April 1999

The principles of collective animal behaviour journal, November 2005

The Structure and Function of Fish Schools journal, June 1982

Organized flight in birds journal, October 2009

Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling journal, January 1973

Formation Flight of Birds journal, May 1970

Induced Drag of a Bird Flock journal, July 1978

Aerodynamic aspects of formation flight in birds journal, October 1983

Energy saving in flight formation journal, October 2001

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight journal, January 2014

Some Hydrodynamical Aspects of Fish Schooling book, January 1975

Intra-school positional preference and reduced tail beat frequency in trailing positions in schooling roach under experimental conditions journal, April 2003

Evidence against a hydrodynamic function for fish schools journal, May 1979

Walking and orbiting droplets journal, September 2005

The self-organization of capillary wave sources journal, October 2005

A trajectory equation for walking droplets: hydrodynamic pilot-wave theory journal, November 2013

Extraction of Flow Energy by Fish and Birds in a Wavy Stream book, January 1975

Efficient foil propulsion through vortex control journal, November 1996

Vortex-Body Interactions journal, January 1998

Fluid–Structure Resonance Produced by Oncoming Alternating Vortices journal, May 1999

Energy Harvesting eel journal, April 2001

Fish schooling as a basis for vertical axis wind turbine farm design journal, August 2010

Symmetry breaking leads to forward flapping flight journal, January 1999

On unidirectional flight of a free flapping wing journal, January 2006

Surprising behaviors in flapping locomotion with passive pitching journal, April 2010

Coherent locomotion as an attracting state for a free flapping body journal, July 2005

Generation of a vortex chain in the wake of a Suhundulatory swimmer journal, May 1992

Hydrodynamics of Fishlike Swimming journal, January 2000

The increased efficiency of fish swimming in a school journal, January 2014

Active vorticity control in a shear flow using a flapping foil journal, September 1994

Passive propulsion in vortex wakes journal, February 2006

Hydrodynamics of a biologically inspired tandem flapping foil configuration journal, February 2007

Fish Exploiting Vortices Decrease Muscle Activity journal, November 2003

A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows journal, May 2007

Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish journal, July 2011

Experimental evidences of a structural and dynamical transition in fish school journal, July 2006

Equations Descriptive of Fish Schools and Other Animal Aggregations journal, July 1954

Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-Driven Particles journal, August 1995

From behavioural analyses to models of collective motion in fish schools journal, July 2012

Wing Rotation and the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight journal, June 1999

Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media journal, February 2009

Quantum mechanics writ large: Fig. 1. journal, September 2010

Basics and principles of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for mapping biogenic and biologically relevant flows journal, September 2006

Immersed Boundary Methods journal, January 2005

A Fourier spectral method for the Navier–Stokes equations with volume penalization for moving solid obstacles journal, September 2009

A Fourier spectral method for the Navier–Stokes equations with volume penalization for moving solid obstacles journal, September 2009

Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling journal, January 1973

Evidence against a hydrodynamic function for fish schools journal, May 1979

The Structure and Function of Fish Schools journal, June 1982

Collective motion and density fluctuations in bacterial colonies journal, July 2010

Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish journal, July 2011

The self-organization of capillary wave sources journal, October 2005

Fish schooling as a basis for vertical axis wind turbine farm design journal, August 2010

From behavioural analyses to models of collective motion in fish schools journal, July 2012

The principles of collective animal behaviour journal, November 2005

A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows journal, May 2007

Anomalous Hydrodynamic Drafting of Interacting Flapping Flags journal, November 2008

Flow-Mediated Interactions between Two Self-Propelled Flapping Filaments in Tandem Configuration journal, December 2014

Effect of Forewing and Hindwing Interactions on Aerodynamic Forces and Power in Hovering Dragonfly Flight journal, October 2007

Formation Flight of Birds journal, May 1970

Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation journal, April 1999

Unsteady Aerodynamics journal, June 1999

Vortex-Body Interactions journal, January 1998

Efficient foil propulsion through vortex control journal, November 1996

Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media text, January 2009

Collective locomotion of two closely spaced self-propelled flapping plates journal, June 2018

Hydrodynamic schooling of multiple self-propelled flapping plates journal, August 2018

Self-organization of multiple self-propelling flapping foils: energy saving and increased speed journal, December 2019

Fluctuations and Instability in Sedimentation
journal, January 2011

P ARTICLE -T URBULENCE I NTERACTIONS IN A TMOSPHERIC C LOUDS
journal, January 2003

The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter
journal, August 2010

Collective Hydrodynamics of Swimming Microorganisms: Living Fluids
journal, January 2011

Hydrodynamics of soft active matter
journal, July 2013

Instabilities and Pattern Formation in Active Particle Suspensions: Kinetic Theory and Continuum Simulations
journal, April 2008

Collective motion and density fluctuations in bacterial colonies
journal, July 2010

Collective Surfing of Chemically Active Particles
journal, March 2014

Stokesian Dynamics
journal, January 1988

Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation
journal, April 1999

The principles of collective animal behaviour
journal, November 2005

The Structure and Function of Fish Schools
journal, June 1982

Organized flight in birds
journal, October 2009

Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling
journal, January 1973

Formation Flight of Birds
journal, May 1970

Induced Drag of a Bird Flock
journal, July 1978

Aerodynamic aspects of formation flight in birds
journal, October 1983

Energy saving in flight formation
journal, October 2001

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight
journal, January 2014

Some Hydrodynamical Aspects of Fish Schooling
book, January 1975

Intra-school positional preference and reduced tail beat frequency in trailing positions in schooling roach under experimental conditions
journal, April 2003

Evidence against a hydrodynamic function for fish schools
journal, May 1979

Walking and orbiting droplets
journal, September 2005

The self-organization of capillary wave sources
journal, October 2005

A trajectory equation for walking droplets: hydrodynamic pilot-wave theory
journal, November 2013

Extraction of Flow Energy by Fish and Birds in a Wavy Stream
book, January 1975

Efficient foil propulsion through vortex control
journal, November 1996

Vortex-Body Interactions
journal, January 1998

Fluid–Structure Resonance Produced by Oncoming Alternating Vortices
journal, May 1999

Energy Harvesting eel
journal, April 2001

Fish schooling as a basis for vertical axis wind turbine farm design
journal, August 2010

Symmetry breaking leads to forward flapping flight
journal, January 1999

On unidirectional flight of a free flapping wing
journal, January 2006

Surprising behaviors in flapping locomotion with passive pitching
journal, April 2010

Coherent locomotion as an attracting state for a free flapping body
journal, July 2005

Generation of a vortex chain in the wake of a Suhundulatory swimmer
journal, May 1992

Hydrodynamics of Fishlike Swimming
journal, January 2000

The increased efficiency of fish swimming in a school
journal, January 2014

Active vorticity control in a shear flow using a flapping foil
journal, September 1994

Passive propulsion in vortex wakes
journal, February 2006

Hydrodynamics of a biologically inspired tandem flapping foil configuration
journal, February 2007

Fish Exploiting Vortices Decrease Muscle Activity
journal, November 2003

A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows
journal, May 2007

Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish
journal, July 2011

Experimental evidences of a structural and dynamical transition in fish school
journal, July 2006

Equations Descriptive of Fish Schools and Other Animal Aggregations
journal, July 1954

Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-Driven Particles
journal, August 1995

From behavioural analyses to models of collective motion in fish schools
journal, July 2012

Wing Rotation and the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight
journal, June 1999

Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media
journal, February 2009

Quantum mechanics writ large: Fig. 1.
journal, September 2010

Basics and principles of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for mapping biogenic and biologically relevant flows
journal, September 2006

Immersed Boundary Methods
journal, January 2005

A Fourier spectral method for the Navier–Stokes equations with volume penalization for moving solid obstacles
journal, September 2009

A Fourier spectral method for the Navier–Stokes equations with volume penalization for moving solid obstacles
journal, September 2009

Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling
journal, January 1973

Evidence against a hydrodynamic function for fish schools
journal, May 1979

The Structure and Function of Fish Schools
journal, June 1982

Collective motion and density fluctuations in bacterial colonies
journal, July 2010

Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish
journal, July 2011

The self-organization of capillary wave sources
journal, October 2005

Fish schooling as a basis for vertical axis wind turbine farm design
journal, August 2010

From behavioural analyses to models of collective motion in fish schools
journal, July 2012

The principles of collective animal behaviour
journal, November 2005

A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows
journal, May 2007

Anomalous Hydrodynamic Drafting of Interacting Flapping Flags
journal, November 2008

Flow-Mediated Interactions between Two Self-Propelled Flapping Filaments in Tandem Configuration
journal, December 2014

Effect of Forewing and Hindwing Interactions on Aerodynamic Forces and Power in Hovering Dragonfly Flight
journal, October 2007

Formation Flight of Birds
journal, May 1970

Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation
journal, April 1999

Unsteady Aerodynamics
journal, June 1999

Vortex-Body Interactions
journal, January 1998

Efficient foil propulsion through vortex control
journal, November 1996

Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media
text, January 2009

Collective locomotion of two closely spaced self-propelled flapping plates
journal, June 2018

Hydrodynamic schooling of multiple self-propelled flapping plates
journal, August 2018

Self-organization of multiple self-propelling flapping foils: energy saving and increased speed
journal, December 2019

Bio-inspired self-agitator for convective heat transfer enhancement
journal, September 2018

Collective locomotion of two self-propelled flapping plates with different propulsive capacities
journal, November 2018

The effect of undulations on the particle stress in dilute suspensions of rod-like particles
journal, March 2017