Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties
Abstract
During the electron beam melting (EBM) process, builds occur at temperatures in excess of 800°C for nickel-base superalloys such as Inconel 718. When coupled with the temporal differences between the start and end of a build, a top-to-bottom microstructure gradient forms. Characterized in this study is the microstructure gradient and associated tensile property gradient that are common to all EBM Inconel 718 builds. From the characteristic microstructure elements observed in EBM Inconel 718 material, the microstructure gradient can be classified into three distinct regions. Region 1 (top of a build) and is comprised of a cored dendritic structure that includes carbides and Laves phase within the interdendritic regions. Region 2 is an intermediate transition zone characterized by a diffuse dendritic structure, dissolution of the Laves phase, and precipitation of δ needle networks within the interdendritic regions. The bulk structure (Region 3) is comprised of a columnar grain structure lacking dendritic characteristics with δ networks having precipitated within the grain interiors. Mechanically at both 20°C and 650° C, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at failure exhibit the general trend of increasing with increasing build height.
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Arcam AB, Molndal (Sweden)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1240558
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 68; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1047-4838
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Electron Beam Melting; Inconel 718; Superalloy; Additive Manufacturing; Tensile Properties
Citation Formats
Kirka, M. M., Unocic, K. A., Raghavan, N., Medina, F., Dehoff, R. R., and Babu, S. S. Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1007/s11837-016-1812-6.
Kirka, M. M., Unocic, K. A., Raghavan, N., Medina, F., Dehoff, R. R., & Babu, S. S. Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1812-6
Kirka, M. M., Unocic, K. A., Raghavan, N., Medina, F., Dehoff, R. R., and Babu, S. S. Fri .
"Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1812-6. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1240558.
@article{osti_1240558,
title = {Microstructure Development in Electron Beam-Melted Inconel 718 and Associated Tensile Properties},
author = {Kirka, M. M. and Unocic, K. A. and Raghavan, N. and Medina, F. and Dehoff, R. R. and Babu, S. S.},
abstractNote = {During the electron beam melting (EBM) process, builds occur at temperatures in excess of 800°C for nickel-base superalloys such as Inconel 718. When coupled with the temporal differences between the start and end of a build, a top-to-bottom microstructure gradient forms. Characterized in this study is the microstructure gradient and associated tensile property gradient that are common to all EBM Inconel 718 builds. From the characteristic microstructure elements observed in EBM Inconel 718 material, the microstructure gradient can be classified into three distinct regions. Region 1 (top of a build) and is comprised of a cored dendritic structure that includes carbides and Laves phase within the interdendritic regions. Region 2 is an intermediate transition zone characterized by a diffuse dendritic structure, dissolution of the Laves phase, and precipitation of δ needle networks within the interdendritic regions. The bulk structure (Region 3) is comprised of a columnar grain structure lacking dendritic characteristics with δ networks having precipitated within the grain interiors. Mechanically at both 20°C and 650° C, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at failure exhibit the general trend of increasing with increasing build height.},
doi = {10.1007/s11837-016-1812-6},
journal = {JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society},
number = 3,
volume = 68,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 81 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: processing–microstructure maps
journal, April 2001
- Gäumann, M.; Bezençon, C.; Canalis, P.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Strengthening mechanisms in Inconel 718 superalloy
journal, March 1983
- Chaturvedi, M. C.; Han, Ya-fang
- Metal Science, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Welding: Solidification and microstructure
journal, June 2003
- David, S. A.; Babu, S. S.; Vitek, J. M.
- JOM, Vol. 55, Issue 6
Truchas – a multi-physics tool for casting simulation
journal, August 2009
- Korzekwa, D. A.
- International Journal of Cast Metals Research, Vol. 22, Issue 1-4
The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited-IN718 by selective laser melting
journal, February 2012
- Wang, Zemin; Guan, Kai; Gao, Ming
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 513
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Laser-Remelted INCONEL 718 Coating
journal, August 2013
- Zhang, Yaocheng; Li, Zhuguo; Nie, Pulin
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 44, Issue 12
Gamma double prime precipitation kinetic in Alloy 718
journal, July 2008
- Devaux, A.; Nazé, L.; Molins, R.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 486, Issue 1-2
Theory of microstructural development during rapid solidification
journal, May 1986
- Kurz, W.; Giovanola, B.; Trivedi, R.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 34, Issue 5
Additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 by selective electron beam melting: Processing window and microstructure
journal, August 2014
- Helmer, Harald Ernst; Körner, Carolin; Singer, Robert Friedrich
- Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 29, Issue 17
Microfissuring of Alloy 718 in the Weld Heat-Affected Zone
journal, July 1988
- Thompson, R. G.
- JOM, Vol. 40, Issue 7
Precipitation of the δ-Ni3Nb phase in two nickel base superalloys
journal, March 1988
- Sundararaman, M.; Mukhopadhyay, P.; Banerjee, S.
- Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
book, January 2010
- Gibson, Ian; Rosen, David W.; Stucker, Brent
- Springer New York, NY
Characterization of the microstructure evolution in a nickel base superalloy during continuous cooling conditions
journal, December 2001
- Babu, S. S.; Miller, M. K.; Vitek, J. M.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 20
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) Study of the Homogenization Process in Alloy 718
conference, January 1991
- Cao, W. D.; Kennedy, R. L.; Willis, M. P.
- Superalloys 718, 625 and Various Derivatives (1991)
Delta phase precipitation in Inconel 718
journal, September 2004
- Azadian, Saied; Wei, Liu-Ying; Warren, Richard
- Materials Characterization, Vol. 53, Issue 1
The Effects of Long Time Exposure on Alloy 718
conference, January 1994
- Wlodek, S. T.; Field, R. D.
- Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives (1994)
Overlapping of γ′ precipitate variants in Inconel 718
journal, December 1993
- Sundararaman, M.; Mukhopadhyay, P.
- Materials Characterization, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Effect of solution treatment temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot isostatically pressed superalloy Inconel* 718
journal, September 2004
- Rao, G. Appa; Srinivas, M.; Sarma, D. S.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 9
Deformation characteristics of δ phase in the delta-processed Inconel 718 alloy
journal, January 2010
- Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, S. H.; Cheng, M.
- Materials Characterization, Vol. 61, Issue 1
Microstructures of Rene 142 nickel-based superalloy fabricated by electron beam melting
journal, June 2013
- Murr, L. E.; Martinez, E.; Pan, X. M.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 11
Microstructural Architecture, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties for a Nickel-Base Superalloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting
journal, June 2011
- Murr, L. E.; Martinez, E.; Gaytan, S. M.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 11
Thermal effects on microstructural heterogeneity of Inconel 718 materials fabricated by electron beam melting
journal, July 2014
- Sames, William J.; Unocic, Kinga A.; Dehoff, Ryan R.
- Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 29, Issue 17
Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting
journal, March 2012
- Amato, K. N.; Gaytan, S. M.; Murr, L. E.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5
An Investigation of the Homogenization and Deformation of Alloy 718 Ingots
conference, January 1994
- Liang, X.; Zhang, R.; Yang, Y.
- Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives (1994)
Steady state columnar and equiaxed growth of dendrites and eutectic
journal, July 1984
- Hunt, J. D.
- Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 65, Issue 1
Rationalization of Microstructure Heterogeneity in INCONEL 718 Builds Made by the Direct Laser Additive Manufacturing Process
journal, June 2014
- Tian, Yuan; McAllister, Donald; Colijn, Hendrik
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 45, Issue 10
Investigations of MX and γ′/γ″ precipitates in the nickel-based superalloy 718 produced by electron beam melting
journal, May 2008
- Strondl, A.; Fischer, R.; Frommeyer, G.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 480, Issue 1-2
Coherency strengthening in Ni base alloys hardened by DO22 γ′ precipitates
journal, January 1974
- Oblak, J. M.; Paulonis, D. F.; Duvall, D. S.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Works referencing / citing this record:
Additive Manufacturing of Alloy 718 via Electron Beam Melting: Effect of Post-Treatment on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties
journal, December 2018
- Balachandramurthi, Arun; Moverare, Johan; Mahade, Satyapal
- Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing
journal, February 2019
- Shassere, Benjamin; Nycz, Andrzej; Noakes, Mark
- Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Influence of build layout and orientation on microstructural characteristics of electron beam melted Alloy 718
journal, September 2018
- Karimi, P.; Sadeghi, E.; Deng, D.
- The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 99, Issue 9-12
Effect of Different Post-treatments on the Microstructure of EBM-Built Alloy 718
journal, October 2018
- Goel, Sneha; Ahlfors, Magnus; Bahbou, Fouzi
- Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Applying neutron transmission physics and 3D statistical full-field model to understand 2D Bragg-edge imaging
journal, February 2018
- Xie, Q.; Song, G.; Gorti, S.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 7
Correlation of Microstructure to Creep Response of Hot Isostatically Pressed and Aged Electron Beam Melted Inconel 718
journal, July 2018
- Shassere, Benjamin; Greeley, Duncan; Okello, Alfred
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 49, Issue 10
Modelling of anisotropic elastic properties in alloy 718 built by electron beam melting
journal, December 2017
- Kumara, Chamara; Deng, Dunyong; Moverare, Johan
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 5
Electron beam melting of Inconel 718: effects of processing and post-processing
journal, December 2017
- Nandwana, Peeyush; Kirka, Michael; Okello, Alfred
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 5
Effect of Turning Amount on Metallurgical Qualities and Mechanical Properties of GH4169 Superalloy
journal, June 2019
- Qu, Jinglong; Yang, Shufeng; Chen, Zhengyang
- Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11