Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities

Wolf, Omri; Campione, Salvatore; Benz, Alexander; Ravikumar, Arvind P.; Liu, Sheng; Luk, Ting S.; Kadlec, Emil Andrew; Shaner, Eric A.; Klem, John Frederick; Sinclair, Michael B.; Brener, Igal

doi:10.1038/ncomms8667

Title: Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities

Abstract

Coherent superposition of light from subwavelength sources is an attractive prospect for the manipulation of the direction, shape and polarization of optical beams. This phenomenon constitutes the basis of phased arrays, commonly used at microwave and radio frequencies. Here we propose a new concept for phased-array sources at infrared frequencies based on metamaterial nanocavities coupled to a highly nonlinear semiconductor heterostructure. Optical pumping of the nanocavity induces a localized, phase-locked, nonlinear resonant polarization that acts as a source feed for a higher-order resonance of the nanocavity. Varying the nanocavity design enables the production of beams with arbitrary shape and polarization. As an example, we demonstrate two second harmonic phased-array sources that perform two optical functions at the second harmonic wavelength (~5 μm): a beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitter. As a result, proper design of the nanocavity and nonlinear heterostructure will enable such phased arrays to span most of the infrared spectrum.

Authors:

Wolf, Omri ^[1]; Campione, Salvatore ^[1]; Benz, Alexander ^[1]; Ravikumar, Arvind P. ^[2]; Liu, Sheng ^[1]; Luk, Ting S. ^[1]; Kadlec, Emil Andrew ^[1]; Shaner, Eric A. ^[1]; Klem, John Frederick ^[1]; Sinclair, Michael B. ^[1]; Brener, Igal ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1235337

Report Number(s):: SAND-2015-20738J
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723; 558185

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; physical sciences; nanotechnology; optical physics

Citation Formats


                    Wolf, Omri, Campione, Salvatore, Benz, Alexander, Ravikumar, Arvind P., Liu, Sheng, Luk, Ting S., Kadlec, Emil Andrew, Shaner, Eric A., Klem, John Frederick, Sinclair, Michael B., and Brener, Igal. Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/ncomms8667.

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                    Wolf, Omri, Campione, Salvatore, Benz, Alexander, Ravikumar, Arvind P., Liu, Sheng, Luk, Ting S., Kadlec, Emil Andrew, Shaner, Eric A., Klem, John Frederick, Sinclair, Michael B., & Brener, Igal. Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8667

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                    Wolf, Omri, Campione, Salvatore, Benz, Alexander, Ravikumar, Arvind P., Liu, Sheng, Luk, Ting S., Kadlec, Emil Andrew, Shaner, Eric A., Klem, John Frederick, Sinclair, Michael B., and Brener, Igal. Wed .  
"Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8667.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1235337.

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@article{osti_1235337,

  title        = {Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities},

  author       = {Wolf, Omri and Campione, Salvatore and Benz, Alexander and Ravikumar, Arvind P. and Liu, Sheng and Luk, Ting S. and Kadlec, Emil Andrew and Shaner, Eric A. and Klem, John Frederick and Sinclair, Michael B. and Brener, Igal},

  abstractNote = {Coherent superposition of light from subwavelength sources is an attractive prospect for the manipulation of the direction, shape and polarization of optical beams. This phenomenon constitutes the basis of phased arrays, commonly used at microwave and radio frequencies. Here we propose a new concept for phased-array sources at infrared frequencies based on metamaterial nanocavities coupled to a highly nonlinear semiconductor heterostructure. Optical pumping of the nanocavity induces a localized, phase-locked, nonlinear resonant polarization that acts as a source feed for a higher-order resonance of the nanocavity. Varying the nanocavity design enables the production of beams with arbitrary shape and polarization. As an example, we demonstrate two second harmonic phased-array sources that perform two optical functions at the second harmonic wavelength (~5 μm): a beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitter. As a result, proper design of the nanocavity and nonlinear heterostructure will enable such phased arrays to span most of the infrared spectrum.},

  doi          = {10.1038/ncomms8667},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Wed Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Title: Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities

Abstract

Citation Formats

Coupled quantum well semiconductors with giant electric field tunable nonlinear optical properties in the infrared journal, May 1994

High-Efficiency Dielectric Huygens’ Surfaces journal, February 2015

Adaptive Beamforming for Wireless Communications book, January 1996

Second harmonic generation from metamaterials strongly coupled to intersubband transitions in quantum wells journal, March 2014

Wide angle impedance matching metamaterials for waveguide-fed phased-array antennas journal, January 2010

Optical Strong Coupling between near-Infrared Metamaterials and Intersubband Transitions in III-Nitride Heterostructures journal, September 2014

Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas journal, December 2011

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Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction journal, September 2011

Analysis and design of a linear array of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patches journal, May 1990

Large-scale nanophotonic phased array journal, January 2013

Controlling light with metamaterial-based nonlinear photonic crystals journal, February 2015

Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction journal, May 2013

Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions conference, January 2014

Multilayered patches with tunable phase response for phased arrays at microwave frequencies journal, January 2011

Strong coupling in the sub-wavelength limit using metamaterial nanocavities journal, November 2013

Dual-Band Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) Phased-Array Antenna journal, January 2012

Bianisotropic Metasurfaces for Optimal Polarization Control: Analysis and Synthesis journal, October 2014

Metamaterial Huygens’ Surfaces: Tailoring Wave Fronts with Reflectionless Sheets journal, May 2013

Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces journal, January 2015

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells journal, April 2014

Semiclassical theory of resonant three-wave parametric interactions: Second-harmonic generation journal, October 1981

Adaptive Beamforming for Wireless Communications book, January 1996

Analysis and design of a linear array of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patches conference, January 1989

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells text, January 2014

Controlling light with metamaterial-based nonlinear photonic crystals journal, February 2015

Wide angle impedance matching metamaterials for waveguide-fed phased-array antennas journal, January 2010

Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas journal, December 2011

Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces: erratum journal, March 2017

Terahertz metamaterials for linear polarization conversion and anomalous refraction text, January 2013

High-efficiency light-wave control with all-dielectric optical Huygens' metasurfaces text, January 2014

Polarization Generation and Manipulation Based on Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurfaces journal, March 2019

Resonant dielectric metasurfaces: active tuning and nonlinear effects journal, July 2019

Steering second-harmonic radiation through local excitations of plasmon journal, January 2019

Modeling of second harmonic generation in hole-doped silicon-germanium quantum wells for mid-infrared sensing journal, January 2018

Nanostructured metals for light-based technologies journal, March 2019

Controlling second-harmonic generation at the nanoscale with monolithic AlGaAs-on-AlOx antennas journal, February 2017

Ultrathin Second‐Harmonic Metasurfaces with Record‐High Nonlinear Optical Response journal, February 2016

Spin-Selective Second-Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Babinet-Inverted Plasmonic Metasurfaces journal, July 2018

Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces journal, March 2017

A metasurface optical modulator using voltage-controlled population of quantum well states journal, November 2018

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces journal, March 2017

Difference-Frequency Generation in Polaritonic Intersubband Nonlinear Metasurfaces journal, August 2018

Flat metasurfaces to collimate electromagnetic waves with high efficiency journal, January 2018

A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control journal, June 2018

Mid-infrared second-harmonic generation in ultra-thin plasmonic metasurfaces without a full-metal backplane journal, June 2018

Nonlinear metamaterials for holography journal, August 2016

Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurfaces journal, July 2018

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics journal, April 2017

Ultrathin gradient nonlinear metasurface with a giant nonlinear response journal, January 2016

Subwavelength nonlinear phase control and anomalous phase matching in plasmonic metasurfaces journal, January 2016

Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications journal, December 2017

Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography journal, June 2016

Third‐Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Metasurfaces Coupled to Intersubband Transitions journal, February 2019

Giant Efficiency of Visible Second-Harmonic Light by an All-Dielectric Multiple-Quantum-Well Metasurface journal, December 2019

Advanced control of nonlinear beams with Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces journal, December 2016

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications journal, June 2016

Inverse-designed photonic fibers and metasurfaces for nonlinear frequency conversion [Invited] journal, January 2018

Continuously Tunable Acoustic Metasurface for Transmitted Wavefront Modulation journal, November 2018

“Point-and-Shoot” Synthesis of Metallic Ring Arrays and Surface-Enhanced Optical Spectroscopy journal, March 2018

Nonlinear Metamaterials for Holography text, January 2015

Multiwavelength polarization insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules text, January 2016

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications text, January 2016

Composite Functional Metasurfaces for Multispectral Achromatic Optics text, January 2016

Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications text, January 2017

A continuously tunable acoustic metasurface for transmitted wavefront manipulation text, January 2017

Subwavelength nonlinear phase control and anomalous phase matching in plasmonic metasurfaces journal, January 2016

Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography journal, June 2016

Multipolar second harmonic generation in a symmetric nonlinear metamaterial journal, August 2017

Electromagnetic Field in Hybrid Quantum Plasmonic-Photonic Systems journal, April 2018

Composite Functional Metasurfaces for Multispectral Achromatic Optics text, January 2016

Epoxy-inspired Nonlinear Interface Integrating Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides with Linear Plasmonic Nanosieves preprint, January 2019

Photonics for Smart Cities book, December 2016

Coupled quantum well semiconductors with giant electric field tunable nonlinear optical properties in the infrared
journal, May 1994

High-Efficiency Dielectric Huygens’ Surfaces
journal, February 2015

Adaptive Beamforming for Wireless Communications
book, January 1996

Second harmonic generation from metamaterials strongly coupled to intersubband transitions in quantum wells
journal, March 2014

Wide angle impedance matching metamaterials for waveguide-fed phased-array antennas
journal, January 2010

Optical Strong Coupling between near-Infrared Metamaterials and Intersubband Transitions in III-Nitride Heterostructures
journal, September 2014

Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas
journal, December 2011

Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions
journal, July 2014

Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
journal, September 2011

Analysis and design of a linear array of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patches
journal, May 1990

Large-scale nanophotonic phased array
journal, January 2013

Controlling light with metamaterial-based nonlinear photonic crystals
journal, February 2015

Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction
journal, May 2013

Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions
conference, January 2014

Multilayered patches with tunable phase response for phased arrays at microwave frequencies
journal, January 2011

Strong coupling in the sub-wavelength limit using metamaterial nanocavities
journal, November 2013

Dual-Band Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) Phased-Array Antenna
journal, January 2012

Bianisotropic Metasurfaces for Optimal Polarization Control: Analysis and Synthesis
journal, October 2014

Metamaterial Huygens’ Surfaces: Tailoring Wave Fronts with Reflectionless Sheets
journal, May 2013

Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces
journal, January 2015

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells
journal, April 2014

Semiclassical theory of resonant three-wave parametric interactions: Second-harmonic generation
journal, October 1981

Adaptive Beamforming for Wireless Communications
book, January 1996

Analysis and design of a linear array of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patches
conference, January 1989

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells
text, January 2014

Controlling light with metamaterial-based nonlinear photonic crystals
journal, February 2015

Wide angle impedance matching metamaterials for waveguide-fed phased-array antennas
journal, January 2010

Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas
journal, December 2011

Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces: erratum
journal, March 2017

Terahertz metamaterials for linear polarization conversion and anomalous refraction
text, January 2013

High-efficiency light-wave control with all-dielectric optical Huygens' metasurfaces
text, January 2014

Polarization Generation and Manipulation Based on Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurfaces
journal, March 2019

Resonant dielectric metasurfaces: active tuning and nonlinear effects
journal, July 2019

Steering second-harmonic radiation through local excitations of plasmon
journal, January 2019

Modeling of second harmonic generation in hole-doped silicon-germanium quantum wells for mid-infrared sensing
journal, January 2018

Nanostructured metals for light-based technologies
journal, March 2019

Controlling second-harmonic generation at the nanoscale with monolithic AlGaAs-on-AlOx antennas
journal, February 2017

Ultrathin Second‐Harmonic Metasurfaces with Record‐High Nonlinear Optical Response
journal, February 2016

Spin-Selective Second-Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Babinet-Inverted Plasmonic Metasurfaces
journal, July 2018

Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces
journal, March 2017

A metasurface optical modulator using voltage-controlled population of quantum well states
journal, November 2018

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces
journal, March 2017

Difference-Frequency Generation in Polaritonic Intersubband Nonlinear Metasurfaces
journal, August 2018

Flat metasurfaces to collimate electromagnetic waves with high efficiency
journal, January 2018

A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control
journal, June 2018

Mid-infrared second-harmonic generation in ultra-thin plasmonic metasurfaces without a full-metal backplane
journal, June 2018

Nonlinear metamaterials for holography
journal, August 2016

Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurfaces
journal, July 2018

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics
journal, April 2017

Ultrathin gradient nonlinear metasurface with a giant nonlinear response
journal, January 2016

Subwavelength nonlinear phase control and anomalous phase matching in plasmonic metasurfaces
journal, January 2016

Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications
journal, December 2017

Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography
journal, June 2016

Third‐Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Metasurfaces Coupled to Intersubband Transitions
journal, February 2019

Giant Efficiency of Visible Second-Harmonic Light by an All-Dielectric Multiple-Quantum-Well Metasurface
journal, December 2019

Advanced control of nonlinear beams with Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces
journal, December 2016

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications
journal, June 2016

Inverse-designed photonic fibers and metasurfaces for nonlinear frequency conversion [Invited]
journal, January 2018

Continuously Tunable Acoustic Metasurface for Transmitted Wavefront Modulation
journal, November 2018

“Point-and-Shoot” Synthesis of Metallic Ring Arrays and Surface-Enhanced Optical Spectroscopy
journal, March 2018

Nonlinear Metamaterials for Holography
text, January 2015

Multiwavelength polarization insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules
text, January 2016

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications
text, January 2016

Composite Functional Metasurfaces for Multispectral Achromatic Optics
text, January 2016

Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications
text, January 2017

A continuously tunable acoustic metasurface for transmitted wavefront manipulation
text, January 2017

Subwavelength nonlinear phase control and anomalous phase matching in plasmonic metasurfaces
journal, January 2016

Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography
journal, June 2016

Multipolar second harmonic generation in a symmetric nonlinear metamaterial
journal, August 2017

Electromagnetic Field in Hybrid Quantum Plasmonic-Photonic Systems
journal, April 2018

Composite Functional Metasurfaces for Multispectral Achromatic Optics
text, January 2016

Epoxy-inspired Nonlinear Interface Integrating Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides with Linear Plasmonic Nanosieves
preprint, January 2019

Photonics for Smart Cities
book, December 2016