Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 on Paper Birch ( Betula papyrifera ): Reproductive Fitness
Abstract
Atmospheric CO 2 and tropospheric O 3 are rising in many regions of the world. Little is known about how these two commonly co-occurring gases will affect reproductive fitness of important forest tree species. Here, we report on the long-term effects of CO 3 and O 3 for paper birch seedlings exposed for nearly their entire life history at the Aspen FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. Elevated CO 2 increased both male and female flower production, while elevated O 3 increased female flower production compared to trees in control rings. Interestingly, very little flowering has yet occurred in combined treatment. Elevated CO 2 had significant positive effect on birch catkin size, weight, and germination success rate (elevated CO 2 increased germination rate of birch by 110% compared to ambient CO 2 concentrations, decreased seedling mortality by 73%, increased seed weight by 17%, increased root length by 59%, and root-to-shoot ratio was significantly decreased, all at 3 weeks after germination), while the opposite was true of elevated O 3 (elevated O 3 decreased the germination rate of birch by 62%, decreased seed weight by 25%, and increased root length by 15%). Under elevated CO 2 ,more »
- Authors:
-
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Rhinelander, WI, USA
- University of Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki, Finland
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Michigan Technological University; Praxair Foundation; McIntire-Stennis Program; Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1197691
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1904763
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-95ER62125
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- The Scientific World JOURNAL
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Scientific World JOURNAL Journal Volume: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1537-744X
- Publisher:
- Hindawi Publishing Corporation
- Country of Publication:
- Country unknown/Code not available
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; seed production and germination; paper birch; flowering; elevated CO2 and O3
Citation Formats
Darbah, Joseph N. T., Kubiske, Mark E., Nelson, Neil, Oksanen, Elina, Vaapavuori, Elina, and Karnosky, David F.. Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 on Paper Birch ( Betula papyrifera ): Reproductive Fitness. Country unknown/Code not available: N. p., 2007.
Web. doi:10.1100/tsw.2007.42.
Darbah, Joseph N. T., Kubiske, Mark E., Nelson, Neil, Oksanen, Elina, Vaapavuori, Elina, & Karnosky, David F.. Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 on Paper Birch ( Betula papyrifera ): Reproductive Fitness. Country unknown/Code not available. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.42
Darbah, Joseph N. T., Kubiske, Mark E., Nelson, Neil, Oksanen, Elina, Vaapavuori, Elina, and Karnosky, David F.. Mon .
"Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 on Paper Birch ( Betula papyrifera ): Reproductive Fitness". Country unknown/Code not available. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.42.
@article{osti_1197691,
title = {Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 on Paper Birch ( Betula papyrifera ): Reproductive Fitness},
author = {Darbah, Joseph N. T. and Kubiske, Mark E. and Nelson, Neil and Oksanen, Elina and Vaapavuori, Elina and Karnosky, David F.},
abstractNote = {Atmospheric CO 2 and tropospheric O 3 are rising in many regions of the world. Little is known about how these two commonly co-occurring gases will affect reproductive fitness of important forest tree species. Here, we report on the long-term effects of CO 3 and O 3 for paper birch seedlings exposed for nearly their entire life history at the Aspen FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. Elevated CO 2 increased both male and female flower production, while elevated O 3 increased female flower production compared to trees in control rings. Interestingly, very little flowering has yet occurred in combined treatment. Elevated CO 2 had significant positive effect on birch catkin size, weight, and germination success rate (elevated CO 2 increased germination rate of birch by 110% compared to ambient CO 2 concentrations, decreased seedling mortality by 73%, increased seed weight by 17%, increased root length by 59%, and root-to-shoot ratio was significantly decreased, all at 3 weeks after germination), while the opposite was true of elevated O 3 (elevated O 3 decreased the germination rate of birch by 62%, decreased seed weight by 25%, and increased root length by 15%). Under elevated CO 2 , plant dry mass increased by 9 and 78% at the end of 3 and 14 weeks, respectively. Also, the root and shoot lengths, as well as the biomass of the seedlings, were increased for seeds produced under elevated CO 2 , while the reverse was true for seedlings from seeds produced under the elevated O 3 . Similar trends in treatment differences were observed in seed characteristics, germination, and seedling development for seeds collected in both 2004 and 2005. Our results suggest that elevated CO 2 and O 3 can dramatically affect flowering, seed production, and seed quality of paper birch, affecting reproductive fitness of this species.},
doi = {10.1100/tsw.2007.42},
journal = {The Scientific World JOURNAL},
number = ,
volume = 7,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
year = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007},
month = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007}
}
https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.42
Web of Science